Term
| What do anti-osteoporosis drugs cause? |
|
Definition
reflux, so dont lay down when you take it and don't take it with food
-some of these are now being infused. |
|
|
Term
| What should you take iron with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quinolones such as cipro bind to protein in the body, what kind of foods can bind to these drugs and decrease absorption? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs can never reach acceptable levels if given with food bc bind to protein? |
|
Definition
quinolones
anti-seizure meds: Dilantin |
|
|
Term
| What happens if you mix meds with enteral formula? |
|
Definition
| can make concrete in the tube, causing clogs. |
|
|
Term
| What are three types of enteral nutrition interactions? |
|
Definition
bioavailability issues (dilantin and quinolones with food)
physical incompatabilities (clogging tube with meds and food)
Issues with mixing meds and diluting medications |
|
|
Term
| Mineral oil _________ fat soluble vitamin absorption. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| With laxatives, why is there no time to absorb other meds? |
|
Definition
| transit time in the gut is increased |
|
|
Term
| Why do people on H2 blockers get sick sometimes? |
|
Definition
| from bacteria bc environment is no longer acidic enough to fight off bacteria (such as from tubes etc.) |
|
|
Term
| What drugs damage the intestinal mucosa? |
|
Definition
NSAIDs
chemotherapeutic agents |
|
|
Term
| Methotrexate is a folate __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-tuberculosis drug, INH, blocks conversion of what? |
|
Definition
| pyridoxine (B6) conversion to active form |
|
|
Term
| Anti-convulsants increase metabolism of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diuretics can cause loss of what? |
|
Definition
| sodium and potassium loss |
|
|
Term
| Cisplatin can cause loss of what? |
|
Definition
| magnesium (nutrient excretion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the conversion of tyramine
-need to put these pts on a specific diet in order to prevent drug effects. |
|
|
Term
| Caffeine increases action of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin K decreases the effects of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Alcohol increases what?
inhibits what? |
|
Definition
toxicity with depressants
inhibits gluconeogenesis |
|
|
Term
| What is a drug that is modified by alcohol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of meds affect taste and smell? |
|
Definition
chemotherapeutic agents
-affect salty and sour
-dont like bitter and sweet which is bad bc all the supplements are sweet. |
|
|
Term
Drugs can affect the GI mucosa, constipation and diarrhea and destruction of intestinal bacteria by abx...
which drugs affect constipation and diarrhea?
How do you get the good bacteria back in the intestine? |
|
Definition
calcium, opiates, potassium
by eating yogurt |
|
|
Term
| What suppresses and inhibits appetite? increases? |
|
Definition
stimulants and lipase
antidepressants and appetite stimulants |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs cause hepatic toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs can cause renal toxicity? |
|
Definition
anti-infectives
anti-neoplastic agents
contrasts |
|
|
Term
| What drugs make glucose levels spike? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are excipitents? what are some examples? |
|
Definition
inactive ingredients added to meds as buffers, binders, flavoring, color and preservatives
examples: alcohol, lactose, mannitol, sucrose, oils, saccharin, sorbitol, starch and sulfites |
|
|
Term
| Especially sorbitol (in most of flavored liquid medicines) has an effect on the body... what are these effects? |
|
Definition
| diarrhea if taken every 4 hours |
|
|
Term
| With the excipitent lactose, worried about what? |
|
Definition
| intolerance (african american, native american, asians and can develop with age) |
|
|
Term
| Now starts Leah's first lecture!!! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you encourage women to do during preconception? |
|
Definition
to achieve a normal body weight, women who are underweight at the time of conception are more likely to have low birth weight babies.
-underweight women may also have inadequate nurtitional stores to support a healthy pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| Overweight women are more likely to have gestational diabetes and deliver ____ babies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To avoid neural tube defects, women in preconception should supplement ___ mcg of folate per day. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rate of neural tube defects has decreased with the supplementation of what? |
|
Definition
grain products
-low carb diets might lead to folate deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Why were folate supplements the last to be added to grain products? |
|
Definition
| bc cam mask B12 deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Who does Leah think are the only people that need a multi-vitamin? |
|
Definition
pregnant and nursing women.
-bc nothing can replace a healthy lifestyle in the non-pregnant |
|
|
Term
| What is recommended as part of the prenatal vitamin regimen for brain development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered a low birth weight baby? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the usual recommendation for calorie intake for pregnant women? |
|
Definition
| 300 additional kcals/day. |
|
|
Term
How much weight does the Institutes of Medicine say a normal weight woman should put on?
underweight woman?
overweight woman?
obese woman? |
|
Definition
25-35 lbs
28-40 lbs
15-25 lbs
at least 15 lbs |
|
|
Term
| Prenatal vitamins are given during pregnancy to ensure what? |
|
Definition
| that the diet is adequate |
|
|
Term
| What causes nausea during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| hormones (especially surge of hormones early in the morning when woman wakes up) |
|
|
Term
| How can nausea and vomiting be controlled during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
keep crackers and ginger ale by the bed for morning sickness
small, frequent meals (becoming too hungry can make nausea worse)
monitor for dehydration |
|
|
Term
| About 2% of women have hyperemesis gravidarum, how can this be managed? |
|
Definition
Zofran may be precribed
May require TPN (total parenteral nutrition)- must watchblood sugars closely!!! |
|
|
Term
| What are some ways to manage heartburn during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
frequent meals
low fat meals
avoid reclining after eating
if possible, go for a walk after a meal
All a matter of space, the bigger the baby is the more it pushes up
A cause can be carbonation |
|
|
Term
| What are some ways to manage constipation and hemorrhoids during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
high fiber diet
stay well hydrated
safe amounts of exercise |
|
|
Term
| What does gestational diabetes increase? |
|
Definition
The likelihood that a woman will have diabetes later in life
-important to get body weight off after baby is born |
|
|
Term
| Does gestational diabetes disappear after delivery in the mother? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What might babies experience if born to a mother with GDM? |
|
Definition
A hypoglycemic event, and thus a trip to the NICU
Babies get dependent on a glucose environment, and when they are born they are severed from the glucose environment but their pancreas is still churning out insulin and their blood sugars bottom out and they get very sick. |
|
|
Term
| Only breastmilk for the first _-_ months is best. |
|
Definition
4-6-breast
-then at least until 1 yr, and as long as mutually desirable afterwards |
|
|
Term
| How does breast feeding decrease risk of obesity? |
|
Definition
for mom and baby:
-mom loses her baby weight more readily
-breastfed babies are chunky at first but then lose their weight |
|
|
Term
| Is it possible for a baby to be allergic to breast milk? |
|
Definition
NO
-human milk is designed to meet the needs of human babies, so babies are not allergic to its proteins.
-even moreso, breastmilk changes to meet the requirements of each baby. |
|
|
Term
| Does breastfeeding reduce the risk of SIDS? |
|
Definition
YES-
its though that breastfed babies are lighter sleepers or that breast fed babies have better blood flow to the brain. |
|
|
Term
| Does breastfeeding increase the IQ of the child? |
|
Definition
YES
-statistics show this. |
|
|
Term
| Why do breastfed babies have less separation anxiety? |
|
Definition
-physical touch from mom is needed to make babies feel loved, which inspires confidence
-baby learns: mommy will always come back to feed me! |
|
|
Term
| Studies show that breastfeeding causes a 50% reduction in breast cancer risk in women that breast feed at least __ years of their life. |
|
Definition
| 2, the more and longer a woman breast feeds the risk decreases even more. |
|
|
Term
| Why do breastfed babies have less stinky diapers? |
|
Definition
| breast milk is more readily digested than formula, and less stuff makes it through whole to stink up those dirty diapers |
|
|
Term
| Why do breastfed babies have less stinky diapers? |
|
Definition
| breast milk is more readily digested than formula, and less stuff makes it through whole to stink up those dirty diapers |
|
|
Term
| Breastfeeding decreases ear infections due to increased immunity and what mechanism? |
|
Definition
| Breast fed babies are kept on their side rather than their backs while feeding, and fluid is not running back towards their eustachian tubes. |
|
|
Term
| Colostrum is very concentrated nutrition uniquely suited for the first few days of life why? |
|
Definition
| due to the small size of the stomach |
|
|
Term
| How ling is colostrum produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Colostrum is a milky gold color and what do some lactation consultants call it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is colostrum full of? |
|
Definition
antibodies
minerals
vitamins
protein |
|
|
Term
| How is colostrum very important for the development of normal gut nutrition? |
|
Definition
obese adults have a different gut flora, speculation revolves around this and breast milk producing less obese kids
healthy gut flora is vitally important for the production of vitamin K and infants are somewhat vitamin K deficient at birth-- breast fed babes at a decreased risk for excessive bleeding. |
|
|
Term
| Colostrum acts as a laxative, how? |
|
Definition
to help the meconium passage oit of the gut
-this decreases the rate of jaundice. |
|
|
Term
| Transitional milk is produced 7-14 days after delivery and has more _________ and ____ and less _______ than colostrum |
|
Definition
more fat and lactose
less protein |
|
|
Term
| When is mature milk made? what is it made of? |
|
Definition
at 2 wks post-delivery and through the entirety of lactation
made of a balanced mixture of nutrients that is optimal for development |
|
|
Term
| How will baby get enough milk? |
|
Definition
by demanding it via suckling which stimulates milk production
-the more they suckle and the more they nurse, the more mom will produce bc baby is getting ready for a growth spurt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fat stores from pregnancy:
-how pregnancy weight is lost quickly
-mom may also need as much as an additional 500 kcals/day during the first 6 mos of lactation to meet demands of breastfeeding |
|
|
Term
| Hydration is critical during breastfeeding, how many glasses of water should be drunken during each feeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does breastmilk tastes like mom's diet? |
|
Definition
NOT USUALLY
-unless really strong flavors like garlic
- as long as mom's diet is generally healthy, breastmilk composition should not be affected. |
|
|
Term
| Hormones released to allow "let-down" of milk are also called what? |
|
Definition
| happy hormones- helps mom to relax |
|
|
Term
| Should prenatal vitamins be taken during lactation to ensure vitamin and mineral adequacy? which vitamin is particularly problematic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are we Vitamin D deficient? |
|
Definition
| bc we are wearing sunscreen everyday |
|
|
Term
| When should solids be introduced to a baby? |
|
Definition
when protrusion reflex disappears (pushing away of any object or food out of the mouth)
-usually about 4-6 mos |
|
|
Term
| How should food allergies be monitored in babies? |
|
Definition
start with one type of food every 2-4 days to monitor for allergies: cereal, vegetables, fruit, eggs, meats, starch
-should be re-introduced 5-10 times. (to become accustomed to the taste)
-appetite will wax and wane with growth |
|
|
Term
| When feeding a child what are 4 things to keep in mind? |
|
Definition
encourage a wide variety of foods and a healthy attitude toward food
focus on adequate milk and dairy
monitor for deficiencies (especially iron)
watch for excessive weight gain: diabetes, cholesterol control, sleep apnea |
|
|
Term
| Kids need fat free milk at least _ times a day after the age of 2. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dairy consumption has steadily ________ in recent years while obesity has steadily increased. |
|
Definition
| declined (want to build bone density) |
|
|
Term
| Into adulthood, metabolism slows slightly with each ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Into adulthood, what are most changes in diet secondary to? |
|
Definition
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