Term
| What are vitamins like B12, B6 and folate/folic acid so important in the early weeks of pregnancy? |
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Definition
Neural tube closure occurs by day 28, and these factors are required.
Organogenesis also occurs in weeks 3-7, so multivitamins are recommended even before conception is confirmed. |
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Term
How much weight should a pregnant women gain in each of the following scenarios?
1) Underweight (<18.5)
2) Normal weight (18.5-24.9)
3) Overweight (25-29)
4) Obese (>30) |
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Definition
add 340-450 calories during 2 & 3 trimesters (NOT 1st)
1) 28-40 lbs
2) 25-35 lbs
3) 15-25 lbs
4) 11-20 lbs |
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Term
| What specific nutrient guidelines apply during pregnancy? |
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Definition
1) Limit caffeine (3 "average" or 1 "starbucks grande")
2) Limit alcohol (avoid)
3) Avoid chemical sweeteners, medications, chemical, exposures
4) Investigate pica
5) Increase fiber and fluid intake (high iron and progesterone can make women constipated) |
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Term
What is the role of each of the following nutrients in pregnancy?
1) Vitamin A
2) Folic Acid
3) Vitamin D
4) Calcium
5) Iron
6) Iodine
7) Essential fatty acids |
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Definition
Fat soluble= crosses placenta
1) Tolerable upper limit is 10,000 IU/d (watch out for Psoriasis and Acne medications because they cause birth defects and prematurity)
2) Found n cereal, spinach, beans and asparagus. 400 mcg prior to pregnancy and 600 mcg during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects.
3) Found in Fish, juice, milk, asparagus and eggs. Recommend 1000 IU/day for normal weight gain and bone health.
4) Found in juice, milk, yogurt, cheese, salmon. 1000-1300 mg/day for birth weight and bone health
5) Screen for microcytic anemia pre-conceptionally (RDA of 27 mg/day for pregnant women).
6) Recommend to take 200-220 mcg during pregnancy. Deficiency most important cause of brain damage (thyroid hormone production)
7) Get them from fish oil (omega 3s) |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of brain damage of the fetus during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Iodine deficiency- give 200-220 mcg during pregnancy |
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Term
| What foods/beverages should be avoided during pregnancy and why? |
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Definition
1) Undercooked animal foods because of infection (NO raw dough or batter)
2) Raw milk/dairy products (cheeses, hot dogs, pates, smoked seafood) because of LISTERIA
3) Larger, deep water fish because of MERCURY
4) Raw sprouts because of bacteria (hard to get rid of)
5) Cider/unpasteurized juice (E. coli)
6) Alcohol (NONE) |
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Term
Which of the following is safe to consume during pregnancy?
1) Swordfish
2) Brie cheese
3) Sushi
4) Salmon
5) Farm-fresh cider |
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Definition
| 4- Salmon has lower mercury levels than larger, deep water fish like Swordfish |
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Term
| What are the most important supplements to take during pregnancy? |
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Definition
FIDC
Gotta get Folic acid (400 mcg), Iron, vitamin D, Calcium |
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