Term
| Describe the difference between cortical bone and trabecular bone. |
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Definition
| The compact bone and is very dense make up 80% of bone. The trabecular bone is the spongy bone and is found inside 20% of the long bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Determines bone size and it begins in the womb and continues til early adulthood. Girls reach thier adult height by 14 and boys by 17. |
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Term
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Definition
| Determines bone shape and begins in the womb and continues until early adulthood. Mostly stops between age of 18 - 21. Excessive or repetitive exercise can increase thickness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains the integrity of bone, replaces old bone with new bone to maintain mineral balance. Involves bone reasorption and formation, and occurs predominatly during adult hood. |
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Term
| List two vitamins and three minerals that play important roles in maintain bone health. |
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Definition
| Calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Phosphorus, and Magnesium |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides structure to our bones and teeth. Helps hardening of the bone. 99% of it is found in bone. Assists muscle contraction and acid-base balance. Transmission of nerve impluses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates blood calcium levels, works with PTH and calcitonin. Stimulates osteoclast. Stored in liver and fat-tissues and is required for calcium and phosphorous absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| Serves as a co-enzyme during the production of specific protein in the coagulation of our blood and bone metabolism. Stored in liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plays as a critical role in bone formation, a part of the mineral comples of the bone. Provides the hardness of the bone. Required for proper fluid balance and is a component of ATP, DNA, and membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a critical cofactor for over 300 enzymes and plays an important role in DNA, ATP, and protein synthesis. Bone contains 50-60% of this. |
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Term
| What are good sources of calcium? |
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Definition
| Skim milk, low-fat cheese, nonfat yogurt, and green leafy vegetables. |
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Term
| How does Vitamin D assist in regulating blood calcium levels? |
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Definition
| When blood calcium falls the PTH is produced which stimulates the activation of Vitamin D. Together they stimulate the kidneys to reabsorb calcium into the bloodstream. Vitamin D helps to increase absorption in the intestines. If blood calcium is too high the thyroid glands secrete a hormone called calcitonin which inhibits the action of vitamin D. |
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Term
| Why would consumption of soft drinks be detrimental to bone health |
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Definition
| Replacing milk with these beverages can lead to deficient intake of calcium, can cause an increase loss of calcium because it is drawn to neturalize the acid, the caffeine could cause increase calcium loss through urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, fragile bones leading to bone fractures, compaction of bone; decreased height, shortening and hunching of the spine, dowager's hump. The bone tissue is more porous and thinner. |
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Term
| List factors that influence the risk of osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Smoking, Low body weight, Low calcium intake, Low sun exposure, Alcohol abuse, & Amenorrhea |
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Term
| Good food sources for Vitamin D? |
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Definition
| Milk, fatty fish, cod liver oil, and fortified cereals |
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Term
| Good food sources of Vitamin K? |
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Definition
| Green leafy vegetables and vegetable oil |
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Term
| Good food sources of Phosphorus? |
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Definition
| Foods high in protein, milk, meat, eggs, processed foods, and soft drinks. |
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Term
| Good food sources for magnesium? |
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Definition
| Green leafy vegetables, whole grains, seeds, nuts, seafood, beans, and some diary products. |
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Term
| Good food sources for fluoride? |
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Definition
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Term
| Good food sources of Iron? |
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Definition
| meats, poultry, fish, clams, oysters, beef liver, cereal, vegetables, & legumes |
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Term
| Good food source of Zinc? |
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Definition
| Pork, beans, oysters, and cereal |
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Term
| How can bone health be measured? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False are bones organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is Vitamin D produced? |
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Definition
| From the cholesterol in our skin using the energy of sunlight. |
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Term
| How does Hypercalcemia happen? |
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Definition
| When you consume too much Vitamin D and it causes weakness, loss of appetite, constipation, vomitting, and formation of calcium deposits in soft tissues. |
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Term
| How does Hypocalcemia happen? |
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Definition
| When we don't consume enough Vitamin D and can lead to loss of bone mass, causing rickets in children or osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. |
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Term
| What happens if you consume too much phosphorus? |
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Definition
| Leads to muscle spasms and convulsions; they are rare and cause dizziness, bone pain, and muscle damage. |
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Term
| Which people are most likely to have poorer Vitamin D? |
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Definition
| Overweight and obese people. |
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Term
| What are the four components of blood? |
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Definition
| Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets, and Plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| Red Blood Cells helps transport oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| White blood cells is the key to our immune functions and protect us from infection and illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell fragments that assist in the formation of blood clots and help stop bleeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fluid portion of the blood needed to maintain adequate blood volume so that the blood can flow easily throughout our body. |
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Term
| What nutrients play a critical role in blood health? |
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Definition
| Vitamin K, Iron, Zinc, and Copper |
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Term
| What will happen if you have an inadequate intake of Vitamin K? |
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Definition
| Blood will not clot properly and can delay or even fail to occur. If it fails it can lead to increase bleeding from minor wounds as well as internal hemorrhaging. |
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Term
| Which diseases suffer from Vitamin K defiency? |
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Definition
| Celiac Disease, Crohns Disease, and Cystic fibrosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Helps carry oxygen through our blood into our cells. 2/3 of it is found in hemoglobin. Involved in the metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins. Apart of the enzyme system that fights free radicals. |
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Term
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Definition
| It indirectly supports the transportaion of oxygen to our cells. A co-factor in metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins and activation of Vitamin A in our retina. Cirtical for cell reproduction and growth for proper development and functioning of the immune system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Functions as a cofactor in the metabolic pathways that produce energy, in the production of collagen and elastin. A component of a protein that is needed for the proper transport of iron. |
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Term
| What is the only fluid tissue in our body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "Without blood" is a severe iron deficiency that results in fatigue, weakness, and increase infections. |
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