Term
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Definition
1) energy canot be created or destroyed, but can only change fron one form to another
2) energy transfer proceeds in the direction of increased release of free energy and entropy |
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Term
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Definition
-amount of heat energy to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water from 14.5 to 15.5 celsisu
-calories are measured in kilo calories (1 Calorie = 1000 calories)
Carbs ~ 4 Cal/gram
Protein ~ 4 Cal/gram
Fat ~ 9 Cal/gram |
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Term
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Definition
ATP + H20 ---ATPase---> ADP + P-OH + H
-primary way to breakdown atp and releases ~7.3 kcal.
-chemical energy in phosphate bondes is released as free energy
-process is 25% efficient |
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Term
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Definition
-resting ATP level ~8mmol/kg wet weight (3-4x higher in DW)
-higher in FT vs ST muscle (ft burns atp faster so needs more atp)
-ex can increase demand 100 fold and exhaust supplies in 2-3 seconds of H.I. Ex
-20-25% drop during prolonged max ex
-drop of 20% can impair performance |
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Term
| The ultimate goal of ex metabolism |
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Definition
| -to provide energy from stores during ex and to re-establish energy stores during recovery |
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Term
| Intermediary Molecules for energy transfer |
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Definition
-ATP: adenosine triphosphate
-ADP: adenosine diphosphate
-CrP: creatine phosphate
-NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
-NADP: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phophate
-FAD: flavin adenine dinucleotide
-Coenzyme A
(molecules can be used in a controlled manner to provide G for muscle contraction [ATP hydrolysis] or ATP resynthesis) |
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Term
| Types of reactions in body |
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Definition
-HYDROLYSIS : involves the addition of H and OH to the reaction. H typically in form of water -ex: ATP hydrolysis
-OXIDATION REDUCTIONS RXNS ( oxidation = loss of electron and reduction = gain of electrons) electrons typically hydrogen or Oxygen.
-oxidizing agents accept the electrons
-reducing agents donate the electrons.
-Example: LDH rxn (pyruvate + NADH + H <----> Lactate + NAD) cardiac tissue uses lactate |
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Term
| binding of enzymes to substrates can: |
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Definition
-increase the interaction of substrate adn other molecules (proximity)
-enable substrates to orientate w/ other substrates which increases chemical rxn
-develop the active site of the substrate maing it more reactive
-increases strain on substrate which changes its shape and facilitates transition state of the molecule
-decrease the energy requirement of hte rxn
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Term
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Definition
LDHm: pyruvate --> Lactate (mostly skeletal tissue)
LDHc: Lactate--> pyruvate (mostly cardiac tissue) |
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