Term
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Definition
| The semiliquid, partially digested food that travels through the intestinal tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| The muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract. |
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Term
| The main function of bile is to.... |
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Definition
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Term
| The pancreas neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine by secreting.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nutrient passes through the GI tract mostly undigested and unabsorbed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Absorption occurs primarily in the.... |
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Definition
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Term
| All blood leaving the GI tract traves first to the .... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nutrients leave the GI tract by way of the lymphatic system? |
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Definition
| Fats and fat-soluble vitamins |
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Term
| Digestion and absorption are coordinated by the .... |
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Definition
| Hormonal system and the nervous system. |
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Term
Functions and Secretions of the GI Tract
MOUTH |
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Definition
Function: Moisten and chew food
Secretion: None |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
SALIVARY GLAND |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Provides moisture, salivary amylase to begin starch breakdown
SECRETION: Saliva, salivary amylase, salivary lipase |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Esophagus |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Vale #1; prevents food from going into the lungs
SECRETION: None |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Esophageal sphincter |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus
SECRETIONS: None |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Stomach |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Liquefies food; major protein digestion
SECRETION: HCL, gastric juices |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Pyloric sphincter |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Valve #3; controls rate of stomach emptying
SECRETION: None |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Liver |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Makes bile for fat emulsification and digestion; delivers bile to the gallbladder
SECRETION: Bile |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Gallbladder |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Stores bile
SECRETION: Bile |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Pancreas |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Provides digestive enzymes and insulin, glucagon
SECRETION: Pancreatic juice: breaks down fat, CHO, and protein |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Small intestine |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Absorption takes place here; also digests protein, CHO; "good" bacteria make vitamin K
SECRETION: Enzymes for protein and CHO digestion |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Ileocecal valve |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Valve #4; separates small and large intestine
SECRETION: None |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Large intestine |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Reabsorption of water and electrolytes
SECRETION: None |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Rectum |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Stores fecal mater
SECRETION: None |
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Term
FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS OF THE GI TRACT
Anus |
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Definition
FUNCTION: Valve #5; controls defecatoin
SECRETION: None |
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Term
| Characteristics of GI muscles |
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Definition
1. No conscous effort required to control
2. Composed of 2 different types of muscle fibers |
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Term
| Name the two types of GI muscle fibers |
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Definition
| Round (i.e. circular) and long (i.e. longitudinal) |
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Term
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Definition
| Wavelike contractions along the GI tract that pushes contents along |
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Term
ABSORPTION
Surface area maximized by... |
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Definition
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Term
ABSORPTION
One intestinal cell is called....
Plural is called.... |
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Definition
Singular - villus
Plural - villi |
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Term
ABSORPTION
Little hairs on villi |
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Definition
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Term
ABSORPTION
Microvilli enzymes |
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Definition
| Enzymes in microvilli complete the digestive process |
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Term
ABSORPTION
Once a molecule (vitamin, mineral, amino acid, simple sugar, TG, etc) is inside the intestinal cell it is then.... |
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Definition
| Transported to blood or lymph system |
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Term
GI CIRCULATION
Blood circulation route |
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Definition
Heart - arteries - capillaries (in GI) - portal vein - capillaries in liver - liver - hepatic vein - back to heart
*blood circulation carries everything except fat just absorbed by from GI |
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Term
GI CIRCULATION
Lymph circulation and its route |
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Definition
Transports fats and fat soluble vitamins in form of chylomicrons
Route: GI - lymph - vein - heart |
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Term
REGULATION OF DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
Controlled by... |
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Definition
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Term
REGULATION OF DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
Example of feedback regulation (like a heater with a thermostat at home) |
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Definition
Condition: Stomach pH greater than 2.0 due to food entering stomach
Response: Hormone gastrin is released in response to increased pH
Action: Gastrin tells HCL producing cells to make more HCL
Result: why pH returns to less than 2.0, gastrin is "turned off" |
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Term
| When passing a bill, which house of Congress has no rules for ammendments? |
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Definition
| The Senate has no rules for ammendments, they don't have to be germane (relevant) and there are no time limits for debates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Limits the debate in the Senate to 100 hours. 3/5 of senators need to vote for cloture which is hard to do. |
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Term
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Definition
Attempt by senator to kill or postpone a bill (usually done by a minority senator). For filibuster, you can’t touch the furniture/podium, no “resting”, you have to speak the entire time even if you talk nonsense (shoesize, pets, recipes, weather, etc); no food or bathroom breaks; 1957 = longest individual filibuster was by Strong Thurman, 24 hours 19 minutes!
1964 - longest group filibuster, 57 days |
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Term
| Once a bill has made it through the Senate and House of Reps it goes to a... |
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Definition
| Conference Committee where they come up with a new bill which then goes back to the both houses for a vote; if they both approve then the bill goes before the president |
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Term
| What are the president's options when he receives a bill? |
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Definition
1. If he signs it it becomes law; Little bill (shadow bill) is the $money part which pays for the ·bill (president has to sign both)
2. Veto - dead bill, unless overridge by 2/3 senators and 2/3 House Reps
3. Pocket Veto - when president receives a bill, 10 days go by (Sundays excluded), Congress adjourns for term, president doesn’t touch the bill = dead bill
**When a president doesn’t want a veto on his record (president, House Reps and Senate each shifting the blame, even though all parties know the bill will die - the public doesn’t know though |
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Term
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Definition
Majority of members must be present to begin day's work
51% of House of Reps (270 members)
51% of Senate
The House has trouble getting 51% attendance because members come and go at will, so they made a Committee of the Whole, which allows them to open for business with only 100 members of the House present.
They propose a motion for quorum adjournment to the Committee of the Whole.
They make their own rules, set their own pay and decide when they want to show up for work!!!! |
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Term
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Definition
Allows the House of Reps to open for business with only 100 members of the House present. The House has trouble getting 51% attendance because members come and go at will, so they made a Committee of the Whole, which allows them to open for business with only 100 members of the House present.
They propose a motion for quorum adjournment to the Committee of the Whole.
They make their own rules, set their own pay and decide when they want to show up for work!!!! |
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Term
| How to our representatives in Congress decide how to vote - what groups do they consider? |
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Definition
1 Constituents (voters)
2 Political Party (Democrats or Republicans)
3 Interest Groups (Those making donations)
Consideration is given on how their vote will affect on the 3 groups above. Chances are the voters don’t check or pay attention to how our Senators vote anyway so we get the least amount of consideration. The Senator doesn’t want to lose $ financial contributions from the other two groups.
· We can check congressional records but they can alter their own records! They can’t change voting record but they can change what they said in speeches or even if they gave the speech in the first place! |
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