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1. A comprehensive list of every single nutrient essential to the function of the human body would consist of about how many different nutrients?
a. 6
b. 20
c. 40
d. 100 |
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2. Nutrient density is a term used to describe
a. total nutritional content of a food item
b. the number of different essential nutrients in a food item
c. the caloric content of a food item
d. the ratio of nutrient content of a food compared to its caloric content |
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3. About 80% of American females do not meet recommendations for which food group?
a. grains
b. dairy
c. meats
d. fruits |
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The average American consumes about ____ teaspoons of added sugar per day?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 30 |
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If you compare one serving of broccoli to one serving of french fries, which of the following is true?
a. as both are vegetables, they will provide a similar amount of calories and nutrients
b. french fries will provide more calories and less vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium
c. french fries will provide more calories and vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium
d. broccoli contains more calories and vitamin A and vitamin C |
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Undernutrition and overnutrition are both forms of malnutrition.
a. true
b. false |
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Which of the following is associated with overnutrition?
a. osteoporosis
b. anemia
c. failure to thrive
d. obesity and type 2 diabetes |
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Technically speaking, malnutrition refers to
a. vitamins and minerals only
b. consuming at least a minimum amount of nutrients
c. consuming an optimal amount of nutrients
d. avoiding undernutrition |
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Which is NOT an example of undernutrition?
a. developing scurvy because of inadequate Vitamin C intake
b. developing osteoporosis because of inadequate Calcium or Vitamin D intake
c. reduced growth due to lack of adequate protein intake
d. developing high blood pressure due to excess salt intake |
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The six classes of essential nutrients are
a. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals
b. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and fiber
c. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and organic molecules
d. macronutrients, micronutrients, water, phytochemicals, fiber, and organic molecules |
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All of the following are examples of carbohydrates except
a. sugars
b. starches
c. proteins
d. fiber |
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All of the following are examples of lipids except
a. cholesterol
b. sugars
c. saturated fat
d. unsaturated fat |
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Which of the following statements about proteins is false?
a. proteins are composed of amino acids
b. different proteins are different due to different combinations of amino acids used in each type of protein
c. dietary protein from animal sources better matches the amino acid needs of humans compared to dietary protein derived from plants sources
d. proteins are made of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals |
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Nutrients are classified as macronutrients and micronutrients. Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient?
a. carbohydrate
b. minerals
c. protein
d. fat |
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Deficient intake of this nutrient is known to produce scurvy:
a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin A
d. iron |
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Deficient intake of this nutrient is known to produce osteoporosis:
a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin A
d. iron |
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Deficient intake of this nutrient is known to produce night blindness:
a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin A
d. iron |
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The term “Calorie” is used in nutrition as a label for
a. the total nutrient content of a food item
b. the amount of energy a food item provides when eaten
c. the amount of fat a food item contains
d. the heat contained within a food item |
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Technically speaking, which phrase below is correct?
a. 1 Calorie = 1,000 calories
b. 1 calorie = 1,000 Calories
c. 1 kCal = 1 kcal
d. 1 kcal = 1,000 kCal |
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Which nutrient does not provide the human body with energy?
a. carbohydrate
b. minerals
c. lipids
d. proteins |
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Per gram, which choice contains the highest amount of energy?
a. carbohydrate
b. alcohol
c. protein
d. lipid |
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A meal containing 50 grams of carbohydrates, 30 grams of lipids, and 30 grams of protein will contain approximately how many Calories?
a. 400
b. 500
c. 600
d. 700 |
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The process called homeostasis can be regulated by nutrient availability. Which choice listed below is not a homeostatic parameter?
a. body temperature
b. blood pressure
c. blood sugar level
d. water, lipids, and proteins |
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Phytochemicals and zoochemicals are
a. food items derived from plants and animals, respectively
b. nutrients used by plants and animals, respectively
c. non-essential substances that may be beneficial to health
d. nutrients such as vitamins and minerals |
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In addition to choosing foods for nutritional value, we often choose foods to eat for other reasons. Which of the following is not an example of these ‘non-nutritive’ reasons?
a. availability of specific food items
b. we tend to consume foods we are familiar with
c. eating foods associated with specific holidays or religious practices
d. none of the above, a, b, and c are all examples |
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Which would be best described as an emotional or psychologically-driven food choice?
a. eating corn on the cob when in season
b. eating ethnic foods you ate as a child
c. eating chocolate or ice cream after a bad day at work
d. eating foods specific to religious practices |
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For a food item to include the word “healthy” on the label, the food item must
a. be low in fat and sodium and be a good source of one or more important nutrients
b. be studied by scientist to prevent disease
c. contain vitamins and minerals
d. be low in calories |
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What simple phrase is a good key to help you choose a healthy diet?
a. choose low calorie foods high in nutrient density
b. choose disease preventing foods whenever possible
c. choose a variety of foods, balance your food choices, and practice moderation
d. choose foods based on their availability and nutrient content |
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Which statement is not a good reason to incorporate variety in your diet?
a. different foods will supply different essential nutrients to your body
b. variety in your diet may help prevent becoming bored with healthy food items
c. a single food choice cannot provide all essential nutrients
d. variety eliminates the need for vitamin and mineral supplements |
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An appropriate way to include balance in your diet and lifestyle is to
a. eat equal amounts of animal-derived and plant-derived foods
b. eat equal amounts of protein and carbohydrates
c. eat equal amounts of vitamins and minerals
d. match your consumption of calories to your activity level |
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Which is not an example of moderation in your diet and lifestyle?
a. going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like best
b. eating dessert occasionally
c. balancing an extra dessert with extra exercise
d. sharing a restaurant entrée or dessert with your dinner companion |
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The validity of nutrition information may be compromised, even on network television news stories because:
a. reporters may not be trained dieticians
b. news stories may be exaggerated to make them more enticing
c. reporters typically do not talk to real nutrition scientists
d. news reporters often do not care if their stories are factual |
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The scientific method depends on which sequence of events?
a. form a theory, conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, make an observation
b develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, make an observation, form a theory
c. conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, form a theory, make an observation
d. make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory |
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Continued acceptance of a scientific theory depends on
a. the ability of other scientists to confirm the original research and results
b. increased funding of the research
c. number of years since the development of the theory
d. how the hypothesis was formed |
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When subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial, but the researchers do, the study is called:
a. single-blind
b. double-blind
c. anecdotal
d. collaboration |
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In a controlled study, if neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are receiving treatment, the study is called a(n)
a. single-blind study
b. double-blind study
c. variable study
d. undirected study |
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Which of the following is NOT considered an objective measurement?
a. an amount of weight that can be lifted off the ground
b. body fat content
c. weight lifters stating they feel ‘pumped up’
d. measured circumference of the bicep muscle |
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In a controlled experiment, the group that is NOT subject to treatment is called
a. the experimental group
b. the placebo effect
c. the control group
d. the double-blind group |
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Researchers study whether caffeine has any effect on short-term memory. In the first part of the study, two groups of subjects are given capsules that look identical. Group A receives caffeine and Group B receives a harmless neutral substance. Group B is being give a
a. stimulant
b. catalyst
c. placebo
d. simulation factor |
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In order for a nutrition researcher to complete an experiment using human subjects, all of the following are true except:
a. the purpose of the experiment must be explained to participants
b. participants must receive a written explanation of the project
c. a committee of scientists and non-scientists must review and approve of the project
d. federal guidelines mandate that human subjects must be paid to participate in such studies |
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In order for a nutrition researcher to complete an experiment using animal subjects, all of the following are true except:
a. federal guidelines now only allow animal research for cancer experiments
b. the pain and suffering of animals in a study are taken into consideration
c. a committee of scientists and non-scientists must review and approve of the project
d. the actual need or priority of the research is judged before the project is approved |
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After a nutrition experiment is completed, a report describing the project is read, analyzed, and evaluated by two or more researchers who were not involved in the research study. Before the article is published, they examine it to ensure that the experiment was not flawed and that the results were interpreted correctly. This system is called
a. experimental consultation
b. experimental design
c. peer review
d. journal critique |
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Approximately 1000 high school students were asked to keep a record of how much vitamin C was consumed by keeping food records. This information was compared with the students’ incidences of colds. This type of study is called:
a. an intervention study
b. a clinical trial
c. a laboratory study
d. an epidemiological study |
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One group of individuals is asked to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and dairy foods while a second group of individuals is asked to eat a diet with lower amounts of fruits, vegetables, and dairy foods. The two groups’ blood pressure readings are monitored and compared. This is an example of
a. an intervention study
b. a clinical trial
c. a laboratory study
d. an epidemiological study |
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Comparison of the amount of a particular nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted is characteristic of which type of study?
a. depletion-repletion study
b. balance study
c. collection study
d. epidemiological study |
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When judging nutrition information, which is the least important factor?
a. how the study was funded
b. the design of the study
c. how many people authored the study report
d. where the study was published |
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. Which of the following would be the least reliable source of information about herbal supplements?
a. a government publication
b. a registered dietitian
c. a pamphlet published by a health food store
d. a peer-reviewed article available on the internet |
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A radio advertisement features a woman who professes to have lost 10 pounds in three days with a new herbal supplement. This type of claim is
a. material
b. anecdotal
c. substantiated
d. objective |
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Which of the following is a common source of anecdotal evidence?
a. single-blind studies
b. double-blind studies
c. results from a minimum of three experiments
d. testimony of individuals |
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50. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the amount estimated to meet nutritional needs of approximately how many individuals in a healthy population?
a. one-third
b. half
c. two-thirds
d. nearly all |
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