-is produced by parietal cells in the stomach 

-activates pepsinogen to form pepsin 

-denatures protein to allow digestive enzymes to break down protein 

Diets high in trans fatty acids are associated with:  

 increased blood cholesterol levels.  

 What is the leading cause of death in the United States?  

What is the primary form of lipid in the diet?  

a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? 

·      Which lipoprotein is characteristic

·      Which lipoprotein is characteristic

of endogeous lpid transport?

·      Which lipoprotein is characteristic of reverse cholesterol transport?

In the fed state______ pathways predominate because of the action of ________.

Anabolic, insulin

Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body?

Providing energy to the body

Atherosclerosis is best defined as

The accumulation of cholesterol, other lipids and cellular debris in the artery wall, forming a plaque

The two essential fatty acids we discussed

polyunsaturated, fatty acids

Which of the following can be converted to fat?

All the above (carbs, proteins, triglycerides)

Lipogenesis

The process of producing fatty acids from non-fat sources is called 

Insulin

The primary anabolic hormone is

What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body?

The DNA inside the nucleus of the cell

Hydrogenation

The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid is called

Eicosanoids are hormone-like molecues derived from the essential fatty acids. The eicosanoids derived from the n-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are

Less inflammatory than those derived from the n-6 fatty acid linoleic acid

Under the condition of starvation, the body will shift to production of an alternative fuel source to preserve muscle protein. The pathway that produses the alternative fuels is called 

Ketogenesis

In order for the carbon skeleton of AA to be utilized as fuel or stored as fat the amine group must be removed through the processes of

Deamination and transamination

Foam cells are lipid filled macrophages that are the hallmark of 

Atherosclerosis

Dietary fatty acids can influence ones risk of developing heart disease. Specifically 

– saturated fatty acids increase ones risk/trans fatty acids increase ones risk

As part of our cell membranes

When reading a food ingredient list, the presence of partially hydrogenated oil is indicative of 

Trans fatty acids

Because of increased energy demands, increased lean body mass and increased needs for repair and recovery, athletes who are acticely involved in training 

If someone had a problem producing hydrochloric acid in their stomach, digestions of which macronutrients would be most affected?

Proteins

Reverse cholesterol transport, facilitated by HDL particles, refers to

The movement of cholesterol from other (peripheral) tissues to the liver

Which of the following describes the main symptons of beriberi?

Muscle wasting and nerve damage

Pellagra is the deficiency disease associated with 

Niacin

Which of the following conditions have high dose niacin supplements been used to treat?

High cholesterol

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid are all

Required for energy production

Beriberi and Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome result from

Thiamin deficiency