Term
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Definition
| Physiological drive for food that occurs when the body senses we need to eat. |
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Term
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Definition
| a psychological desire to consume specific foods that is aroused by environmental cues (smell or site of desireable food) |
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Term
| region of the brain that prompts us to seek food? (p.75) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are hormones? (p.75) |
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Definition
| chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream by one of the many endocrine glands. there presence helps to regulate one or more body functions. |
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Term
| which has the highest satiety level (higher level of satisfaction or feeling full), protein, lipids, or carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| protein (followed by fat) |
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Term
| name the three sections of the small intestine |
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Definition
| duodenum, jejuum, and ilium |
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Term
| name the seven sections of the large intestine |
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Definition
| cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus |
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Term
| what is the role of bile in the gallbladder, and where is it originally produced? |
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Definition
| bile is secreted into the small intestine to help emulsify lipids (aid in lipid breakdown), bile is produced in the liver but stored in the gallbladder. |
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Term
| what does the pancrease do? |
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Definition
| manufactures, holds and secretes enzymes in their inactive form (keeps them from eating thru the pancreas itself), pancreatic amylase (carbohydrates), protease (proteins), and lipase (lipids) as well as insulin, and glucogon (control glucose blood levels). |
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Term
| describe the livers role in digestion |
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Definition
| it produces bile that is stored in the gallbladder, and receives the products of digestion via the portal vein and can either remove them from the blood and store them (as glycogen) and can release this stored energy as needed. It also stores certain vitams and manufactures blood proteins. the liver is the largest digestive organ. |
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Term
| list the 4 types of absorbtion in the small intestine (p.91) |
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Definition
Passive diffusion- simple process in which nutrients pass through the enterocytes and into the blood stream without the use of a carrier protein or the requirement of energy
Facilitated diffusion- occurs when nutrients are shuttled across the enterocytes with the help of a carrier protein (does not require energy)
Active transport- requires energy derived from ATP and the assistance of a carrier protein to allow for absorbtion against their concentration gradient (area of low concentration to high).
Endocytosis- is a form of active transport where a small amount of intestinal content is engulfed by the enterocyte's cell membrane and incorporated into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| An area of the GI tract that has been eroded away by a combination of hydrochlocic acid and the enzyme pepsin. It is almost always in the stomach, gastic ulcer, or the duodenum, duodenal ulcer. Helicobacter pylori plays a key role in the developement of most peptic ulcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cluster of GI symptoms (often gas, pain, and diarrhea) following the consumption of a particular food. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hypersensitive reaction of the immune system to a particular food. This reaction causes the imune cells to release chemicals that cause either limited or systemic inflamation |
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Term
| What is anaphalactic shock? |
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Definition
| A state (almost always fatal if not treated immediately) in which the airways become constricted and clogged with mucus leading to respiratory collapse, while blood vessels become dialated and permeable, sending blood pressure plummeting, leading to circulatory collapse. One common cause would be from an extreme food allergy. |
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Term
| What is celliac disease? (p.98) |
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Definition
| A digestive disease involving inflamation of the small intestine causing erosion of the villi, thus interfering with the absorbtion of nutrients. This reaction is associated with the protein fraction "gliandi" of the protein gluten, |
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Term
| What is crohn disease? (p.99) |
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Definition
| a digestive disease that causes inflamation of the small intestine, affecting entire thickness of the wall. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and fever. Scientists speculate that it is related to the immune systems reaction to the prescence of a virus or bacteria. Crohn's disease results in deficiencies in protein, energy, and vitamins and is associated with arthritis, kidney stones, gallstones, and diseases of the liver |
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Term
| What is Ulcerative colitis? (p.99) |
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Definition
| A chronic disease characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the mucosa, or inner most lining of the colon. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, anemia, nausea, fever, and severe urgency to have a bowel movement. Complications include profuse bleeding, rupture of a bowel, severe abdominal distention, dehydration, and nutritional deficiencies. Scientists believe it is caused by a virus or bacterium and the immune systems response to it's presence. |
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Term
| What is irratable bowel syndrome or IBS? (p.101) |
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Definition
| A disorder that interferes with normal funcions of the colon. Symptomes include abdominal cramps, bloating, and either constipation or diarrhea. 3 times more women than men report this. There has been no disease identified with this problem. Scientists believe that the problem stems from conflicting messages between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. |
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