Term
What is a biological molecule? |
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Definition
| molecules made by living organisms |
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Term
| List 3 biological molecules found in food. (Know how to draw them) |
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Definition
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
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Term
| What is an organic molecule? |
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Definition
molecule containing carbon |
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Term
| What is a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat? Which one is liquid at room temperature? |
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Definition
Saturated fat has no double bonds; unsaturated has 1 or more double bonds.
Unsaturated fat is liquid at room temperature. |
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Term
| What process breaks lipids? |
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Definition
| Hydrolysis (as with all other biological molecules) |
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Term
| What is the Enterohepatic Circulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are lipids transported in the body? |
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Definition
| Through the lymphatic system. |
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Term
| Why are trans fats bad for us? |
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Definition
| Because they are associated with saturated fats, which can cause heart disease. |
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Term
List some sources of essential fatty acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are only some amino acids essential? |
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Definition
| Because many of the amino acids are made by the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of the amino acid group, resulting in ammonia. |
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Term
| If the liver is not working well, what will build up in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| List 8 roles of proteins. |
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Definition
- helps vision
- prevents blood clotting
- builds muscle
- energy source
- body structure
- transportation in membranes
- enzymes
- hormones
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Term
| Explain the terms: high quality proteins and digestibility [of proteins]. |
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Definition
High-quality protein is based on how many essential amino acids are available in the food.
Digestibility is how many of those amino acids are absorbed. Animal sources have better digestibility than plant sources. |
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Term
| The production of mRNA from DNA is called ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The production of a protein from mRNA is called ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| PEM leads to disease--what are the 2 main types of disease it can lead to and what are the symptoms? |
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Definition
- Acute PEM (aka Kwashiorkor): 1-3 year olds. edema, fatty liver disease, loss of appetite, hair changes color.
- Chronic PEM (aka Marasmus): under 2 years old. severe weight loss, severe muscle wasting, anxiety.
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Term
| A high protein diet can lead to what problems? |
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Definition
| A high protein diet can lead to osteoporosis, cancer, and kidney disease. |
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Term
| List pros/cons of having a vegetarian diet. |
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Definition
PROS:
- reduces heart disease
- better weight control
- low blood pressure
- lower rate of cancer
CONS:
- not enought B12
- not enought calcium
- not enough iron
- not enought zinc |
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