Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Nurture
N/A
39
Psychology
11th Grade
02/27/2014

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cognitive Development
Definition
  • Led by Piaget
  • 4 stages (birth-2y, 2y-6y, 6y-12y, 12y- death)

Think of the little kids videos.

 

OOOOO

O O O O O

 

Term
Schema
Definition
Mental frameworks that organize information
Term
Assimilation
Definition
interpreting new experiences based upon existing schemes.
Term
Accommodation
Definition
Adapting current schemes to work with new information.
Term
Psychosocial Development
Definition
  • Led by Erik Erikson
  • Our environment plays an important role in our development and psychosocial well being.
  • 8 stages 
Term
Moral Development
Definition
  • Led by Kohlberg
  • How our decision making skills change over time.
Term
Preconventional
Definition
Morality centers around avoiding punishment or attaining reward.
Term
Conventional
Definition
Morality centers around meeting moral standards learned from other people (friends or family).
Term
Postconventional
Definition
Morality centers around abstract principals of justice, fairness, and truth.
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
  • Top Down parenting
  • Parents tell kids how it is going to be.
  • Frequently strict behavior and consequences.
Term
Permissive
Definition
  • Children given freedom to pursue their interests.
  • Few expectations/consequences.
Term
Authoritative
Definition
  • Parents talk over expectations and rules.
  • Discuss consequences, allowing for child input.
Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition

Changing the meaning associated with a sight/sound.

 

Think Pavlov's dog.

 

Term
Natural Condition
Definition
Unconditioned stimulus >> Unconditional Response
Term
Conditioning Process
Definition
Unconditioned stimulus + Neutral Stimulus >> Unconditioned Response
Term
Trained Condition
Definition
Conditioned Stimulus >> Conditioned Response
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition

Adding/Taking Away incentives to change behavior.

 

Think BF Skinner

Term
Positive
Definition
Adding something to change behavior
Term
Negative
Definition
Taking away something to change behavior
Term
Reinforcement (+/-)
Definition
Encourage desired behavior
Term
Punishment (+/-)
Definition
Discourage unwanted behavior
Term
Extinction
Definition
Ignoring behavior in hopes that it will go away
Term
Observational Learning
Definition

Learning by watching someone else perform the task.

 

Think Bandura 

Bobo the Doll

Term
Attention
Definition
Being aware of the behaviors around you
Term
Retention
Definition
Remembering the behavior witnessed.
Term
Ability to Reprouce Behavior
Definition
Possessing the required skill
Term
Motivation
Definition
Wanting to reproduce the behavior that was witnessed.
Term
Vicarious Learning
Definition
Learning from the positive and negative consequences of other people.
Term
Antisocial
Definition
Modeling negative and destructive behaviors
Term
Prosocial
Definition
modeling positive, constructive, and helpful behaviors.
Term
Continuous Reinforcement
Definition
A schedule of reinforcements that rewards correct responses.
Term
Partial Reinforcement
Definition
A schedule of reinforcements that the reward follows some correct responses.
Term
Interval Schedule
Definition
The time that passes between reinforcements.
Term
Ratio Schedule
Definition
Number of responses before reinforcement follows.
Term
Fixed Interval
Definition
Rewards only the first correct response after a defined period of time.
Term
Variable Interval
Definition
Rewards the first correct response after an unpredictable amount of time.
Term
Fixed Ratio
Definition
Rewards the first correct response after defined number of correct responses.
Term
Variable Ratio
Definition
Rewards an unpredictable number of correct responses.
Term
Overjustification
Definition

The affect of promising a reward for something someone already likes to do. 

 

 

 

May lead to lack of interest in doing the action later on, if the reward is taken away.

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