ABCDEF

ASYEMMETRY

BORDER IRREGULARITY

COLOR VARIEGATION

DIAMETER (greater than 6mm)

ELEVATE

FUNNY

 Flat, circumscribed discoloration lesion

<1 cm

Macule

SOLID ELEVATED LESION

 <1 CM

PAPULE 

FLUID FILLED SUPERICIAL ELEVATED

<1CM  LESION

VESICLE

FLAT CIRCUMSCRIBED DISCOLORATION

>1 CM

PATCH

SOLID ELEVATED LESION

>1CM

PLAQUE

FLUID FILLED SUPERFICIAL ELEVATED

>1 CM

BULLA

PUSTULE 

VESICLE OR BULLA CONTAINING PUS 

SOLID ELEVATED LESIONS ALSO HAS DEPTH

1-2 CM

NODULE

SOLID ELEVATED LESIONS ALSO HAS DEPTH

>2CM

 TUMOR

WHEAL 

LESION CAUSED BY CUTANEOUS EDEMA IRREGULAR IN SHAPE ELEVATED TRANSIENT 

TELANGIECTASIA 

DILATED CAPILLARY FINE RED LINES 

SCALE    

ACCUMULATION OR LOOSE SURFACE EPITHELIUM 

CRUST 

DRIED SURFACE FLUIDS, SERUM OR PUS 

EXCORIATION 

SCRATCH MARK 

EROSION 

SUPERFICIAL DENUDED LESION 

SCAR 

FIRST RED, THEN PALE SMOOTH HYALINE WOUND REPAIR, MAY BE FLAT, DEPRESSED, ELEVATED, OR HYPERTROPHIC 

ULCER 

LOSS OF TISSUE FROM A SURFACE CAUSED BY DESTRUCTION OF A SUPERFICIAL LESION 

ATROPHY 

THINNING OF SKIN, LOSS OF HAIR AND SWEAT GLANDS 

FISSURE  

LINEAR CRACK IN SKIN THAT EXTENDS TO DERMIS

LICHENIFICATION 

THICKENING OF SKIN CAUSED BY CHRONIC SCRATCHING 

SENILE LENTIGINES 

LIVER SPOT, BROWN MACULES 

PURPURA 

PURPLE 

VERNIX CASEOSA 

NORMAL BIRTH COVERING 

AORTIC

PULMONIC

ERB'S POINT

TRICUSPID

MITRAL 

SNELLEN TEST 

CHART READ FROM 20 FEET AWAY TO DETERMINE VISION ACUITY 

ACCOMODATION 

the process by which the eye increases optical power to maintain a clear image (focus) on an object as it draws near the eye. 

ARCUS SENILIS 

a white or gray opaque ring in the corneal margin (peripheral corneal opacity) present at birth or appearing later in life and becoming quite frequent in those over 50.

ASTIGMATISM 

when an optical system has different foci for rays that propagate in two perpendicular planes

CATARACT 

an opacity that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope

CHALAZION 

Lump in Eyelid

DIPLOPIA 

commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object

HORDEOLUM 

chalazion, stye

ICTERUS 

yellow coloration of skin and mucus membranes of jaundice.

LID LAG 

delay in moving the eye lid as the eye moves downwards. It is a common finding in thyroid disease, when it is known as von Graefe's sign¹.

MIOSIS 

medical term for constriction of the pupil

MYDRIASIS 

an excessive dilation of the pupil due to disease, trauma or drugs

NYSTAGMUS 

involuntary eye movement that can be part of either the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) or a pathological process. It is characterized by alternating smooth pursuit in one direction and saccadic movement in the other direction.

PERIORBITAL EDEMA 

Edematous swelling of the eyelids in association with local injury, allergic reactions, hypoproteinemia, trichinosis, and myxedema.

PERRLA 

PUPILS are EQUAL and ROUND and REACTION to LIGHT ACCOMODATION 

PRESBYOPIA 

the condition where the eye exhibits a progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects with age

PTOSIS 

the medical term for drooping eyelids

STRABISMUS 

commonly known as cross-eyed or wall-eyed, is a vision condition in which a person can not align both eyes simultaneously under normal conditions

VISUAL ACUITY 

acuteness or clearness of vision

MACULA 

n oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye

OPTIC DISC 

The optic nerve transmits electrical impulses from the retina to the brain.  It connects to the back of the eye near the macula.  When examining the back of the eye, a portion of the optic nerve called the optic disc can be seen.
 

OD 

RIGHT EYE 

OS 

LEFT EYE 

OU  

BOTH EYES 

PAPILLEDEMA 

optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure

RED REFLEX 

refers to the reddish-orange reflection from the eye's retina that is observed when using an ophthalmoscope or retinoscope

THYMUS 

RUDIMENTARY ORGAN 

HEAD ASSESSMENT 

• SHAPE
• PORPORTION OF HEAD TO NECK
•  HAIR DISTRIBUTION
• INSPECT SCALP AND SKULL FOR MASSES AND TENDERNESS
• PALPATE SCALP AND SKULL FOR MASSES AND TENDERNESS
  

EYE ASSESSMENT 

EARS 

NOSE ASSESSMENT 

MOUTH ASSESSMENT 

SNELLEN TEST 

PROCEDURES 

Test Visual Feilds 

INSPECT CONJUCTIVAS AND SCLERAS 

TEST REACTION TO ACCOMMODATION 

ASSESS EYE ALIGNMENT 

TEST EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE FUNCTION 

6 CARDINAL FIELDS OF GAZE 

EXAMINE FUNDUS OF EACH EYE WITH

OPTHALMOSCOPE 

EXAMINE EXTERNAL EAR 

EXAMINE EXTERNAL EAR CANAL 

INSPECT EAR CANAL AND EARDRUM WITH AN

OTOSCOPE 

WEBER TEST FOR LATERALIZATION OF

SOUND 

RINNE TEST TO COMPARE BONE AND AIR

CONDUCTION 

BARREL CHEST 

a rounded, bulging chest that resembles the shape of a barrel

BRONCHOPHONY

An exaggerated vocal resonance that can be heard over a bronchus that is surrounded by consolidated lung tissue

BRONCOVESICULAR 

Relating to the bronchial tubes and alveoli

CRACKLES 

intermittent explosive sounds that have been described as being similar to the crackling sound heard as wood burns

CREPITATION 

the crackling sound heard on auscultation when patients with respiratory diseases inhale; associated with tuberculosis and pneumonia and congestive heart failure

DIAPHRAGMATIC EXCURSION 

the movement of the thoracic diaphragm during breathing

EGOPHONY 

is an increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs, often caused by consolidated or compressed lung tissue due to an infection, pleural effusion, tumor, or congestion

HYPERRESONANT 

an exaggerated chest resonance heard in various abnormal pulmonary conditions 

KYPHOSIS 

humpback or hunchback

LORDOSIS 

an inward curvature of a portion of the vertebral column

PECTUS CARINATUM 

pigeon chest, is a deformity of the chest characterized by a protrusion of the sternum and ribs.

PECTUS EXCAVATUM 

sunken or funnel chest, is a congenital chest wall deformity in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally, producing a concave, or caved-in, appearance in the anterior chest wall

PLEURAL FRICTION RUB 

low-pitched, grating, or creaking sounds that occur when inflamed pleural surfaces rub together during respiration

RESONANT 

The lung is filled with air (99% of lung is air), hence, percussion of it gives a resonance. This step helps identify areas of lung devoid of air.

SCOLIOSIS 

a medical condition in which a person's spine is curved from side to side or front to back, and may also be rotated

SIBILANT WHEEZE 

a high-pitched whining type of wheeze much like the sound that hump-back whales make as they migrate

STRIDOR 

a high pitched wheezing that is caused by the obstruction of the trachea either by inflammation or an object

TACTILE FREMITUS 

a vibration felt on the patient's chest during low frequency vocalization

VESICULAR

Pertaining to the presence of one or more vesicles

WHISPERED PECTORILOQUY 

test performed during a medical physical examination to evaluate for the presence of consolidation in the lungs, which could be caused by cancer or pneumonia.

INHALATION SHOULD BE _______ AND

EXHALATION SHOULD BE __________. 

ACTIVE; PASSIVE 

BEST POSTION FOR PT DURING CHEST

EXAMINATION IS  

SITTING IN RELAXED POSTION WITH SHOULDERS DROOPING SLIGHTLY FORWARD TO REDUCE MUSCLE BULK OF THE BACK 

GENERAL RESPIRATORY

OBSERVATIONS/INSPECTION 

PALPATE FOR THROACIC EXPANSION 

PALPATE FOR TACTILE FREMITUS 

PERCUSS CHEST SYSTEMATICALLY 

PERCUSS TO MEASURE DIAPHRAGMATIC

EXCURSION 

ALLEN TEST 

1) The hand is elevated and the patient/person is asked to make a fist for about 30 seconds.

2) Pressure is applied over the ulnar and the radial arteries so as to occlude both of them.

3) Still elevated, the hand is then opened. It should appear blanched (pallor can be observed at the finger nails).

4) Ulnar pressure is released and the color should return in 7 seconds.

Inference: Ulnar artery supply to the hand is sufficient and it is safe to cannulate/prick the radial

If color does not return or returns after 7 seconds, then the ulnar artery supply to the hand is not sufficient and the radial artery therefore cannot be safely pricked/cannulated.

ANEURYSM 

BRUIT

DEPENDENT RUBOR 

a pronounced redness of the feet when the feet are held down.  Dependent rubor is considered to be a very reliable sign of arterial disease.

HOMAN'S SIGN

said to be present when passive dorsiflexion of the ankle by the examiner elicits sharp pain in the calf. It is caused by a thrombosis of the deep veins of the leg.

PMI (POINT OF MAXIMAL IMPULSE) 

the area on the chest wall where you can best feel the beating of the heart. It is usually just left of the breast bone, between the 4th and 5th ribs, in an area about the size of a quarter

PRECORDIUM 

the portion of the body over the heart and lower chest (thorax)

RETRACTIONS 

The areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and in the neck sink in with each attempt to inhale

RUB 

Inflammation of the pericardial sac causes the parietal and visceral surfaces of the roughened pericardium to rub against each other. This produces an extra cardiac sound of to-and-fro character with both systolic and diastolic components.

THRILL 

A thrill is a vibration (like a cat purring) felt when a cardiac murmur is grade IV-VI

VARICOSITIES

A varicose enlargement or swelling

Grade of Pitting edema that is 2mm 

1+ 

Grade of pitting edema that is 4mm 

2+ 

Grade of pitting edema that is 6mm 

3+ 

Grade of pitting edema that is 8mm 

4+