Term
|
Definition
| Acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are closely related, but the terms don't necessarily mean the same thing. Acid reflux is the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus — the tube that connects the throat and stomach. ... The most common symptom of GERD is frequent heartburn. |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary symptom of GERD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Barium Swallow Fluoroscopy
An esophagram or barium swallow is an X-ray imaging test used to visualize the structures of the esophagus. The patient swallows liquid barium while X-ray images are obtained. The barium fills and then coats the lining of the esophagus so that it can diagnose anatomical abnormalities such as tumors. |
|
|
Term
| What malfunction allows reflux in GERD? |
|
Definition
| Lower Esophageal Sphincter |
|
|
Term
| What is the teaching for a client with GERD? |
|
Definition
low-fat, high-protein diet
take antacids
avoid lying flat after meals |
|
|
Term
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrone (AIDS) |
|
Definition
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight the organisms that cause disease. HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). |
|
|
Term
| What is the virus that causes AIDS? |
|
Definition
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual intercourse
Direct contact with infected blood or body fluids (semen, breast milk)
HIV mother gives birth to baby |
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of HIV? |
|
Definition
fever
weight loss
night sweats
diarrhea
fatigue |
|
|
Term
| What is the screening test? |
|
Definition
| ELISA screens for HIV antibodies |
|
|
Term
| What confirms the screening test? |
|
Definition
| Western Blot then confirms |
|
|
Term
| How does HIV attack the body? |
|
Definition
| destroys T-lymphocytes of the immune system |
|
|
Term
| What is so important about T-lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
| recognize and fight pathogens |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for T-lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the CD4 count important? |
|
Definition
| indicates the extent of viral damage |
|
|
Term
| What is a normal CD4 count? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal CD4 count in a client with HIV? |
|
Definition
| Anything at or above 500 is good health |
|
|
Term
| What does a CD4 count <500 mean? |
|
Definition
| HIV has progressed to AIDS |
|
|
Term
| If CD4 count <200, the client is at risk for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List some opportunistic infections. |
|
Definition
Oral candidal infection
Kaposi's sarcoma (skin cancer)
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Cytomegalovirus (blindness)
Meningitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of HIV medications? |
|
Definition
| To interfere with viral replication |
|
|
Term
| The most important medication for HIV is ______? |
|
Definition
| zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir) |
|
|
Term
| What isolation precautions are used with HIV? |
|
Definition
| standard (universal) precautions Patients donot have to tell they have HIV, treat evryone as if they are INFECTED |
|
|
Term
| How do the precautions change with AIDS? |
|
Definition
If client has low CD4 count = risk for opportunistic infection:
Implement:
- private room
- reverse isolation (RN don gloves, gown, mask) when in direct contact with blood or body fluids. |
|
|
Term
| What are teaching points for parents who have child with HIV? |
|
Definition
- clean up body fluid with 10:1 water:bleach
- get all immunizations except live vaccines(MMR, Varicella, and oral polio virus. These are live viruses)
- high calorie, high protein diet
- gloves when changing diapers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden loss of ability by the kidneys to excrete toxins and regulate Fluid & Electrolyte (F&E) |
|
|
Term
| What are some possible causes of ARF? |
|
Definition
infection
obstruction
shock |
|
|
Term
| What are the three phases of ARF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During the oliguric phase what will you see?
What will you see during the oliguric phase of ARF? |
|
Definition
Scant UO <400
Fluid overload
Hyperkalemia
Hypertension
Elevated BUN/Cr
-- lasts 1-2 weeks |
|
|
Term
| What two electrolytes will be elevated in ARF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal level of magnesium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will you see during the diuretic phase of ARF? |
|
Definition
UO slowly returns
Hypokalemia
Hypotension
Decreasing BUN/creatinine (but still elevated) |
|
|
Term
| What will you see during the recovery phase of ARF? |
|
Definition
UO increasing
BUN normal
Kidneys recovering |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing interventions for ARF? |
|
Definition
Daily weights
Strict I&Os
Treat causes
Diuretics |
|
|
Term
| What is the best diet for a client with ARF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clients allergic to latex may also be allergic to which foods? |
|
Definition
Banana
Avocado
Chestnut
Kiwi |
|
|
Term
| What standard hospital equipment contains latex? |
|
Definition
BP cuffs
Gloves
Stethoscopes
Tourniquets
Band-Aids
Indwelling catheters |
|
|
Term
| What allergy is contraindicated for IV contrast dye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major complications of having an amputation performed? |
|
Definition
Infections
Skin breakdowns
Joint contractures
Phantom limb pain |
|
|
Term
| What is the positioning for post-op above the knee amputation care? |
|
Definition
Elevate first 24 hrs postop
Then prone 2-3x/day for 20-30 min to prevent hip flexion |
|
|
Term
| What is the positioning for post-op below the knee amputation care? |
|
Definition
Elevate foot of bed first 24 hrs postop
Then prone 2-3x/day for 20-30 min to prevent hip flexion |
|
|
Term
| What is phantom limb pain? |
|
Definition
| Pain felt in an area that has been amputated |
|
|
Term
True or false?
An aneurysm is a dilation formed at a weak point on the wall of an artery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of aneurysm inside the body? |
|
Definition
| Most aneurysms inside the body have no symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What sound would be heard on auscultation of an aneurysm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the risk factors of an aneurysm? |
|
Definition
arteriosclerosis
hypertension
syphilis
smoking |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for an aneurysm? |
|
Definition
- surgery, depending on size
- strict BP control with meds |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of a ruptured aneurysm? |
|
Definition
Severe pain
nausea/vomiting
tachycardia
decreased LOC
hypotension |
|
|
Term
| List important NCLEX teaching points for aneurysms. |
|
Definition
Avoid straining
Avoid lifting
Take meds on schedule
Report severe back/flank pain |
|
|
Term
| Which are live attenuated (weaken) vaccines? |
|
Definition
measles
rotavirus
varicella
PO polio |
|
|
Term
| Is the MMR vaccination SQ or IM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the isolation precaution for measles (rubeola) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the isolation precaution for mumps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the isolation precaution for rubella (German measles) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are closely related, but the terms don't necessarily mean the same thing. Acid reflux is the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus — the tube that connects the throat and stomach. ... The most common symptom of GERD is frequent heartburn. |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary symptom of GERD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Barium Swallow Fluoroscopy
An esophagram or barium swallow is an X-ray imaging test used to visualize the structures of the esophagus. The patient swallows liquid barium while X-ray images are obtained. The barium fills and then coats the lining of the esophagus so that it can diagnose anatomical abnormalities such as tumors. |
|
|
Term
| What malfunction allows reflux in GERD? |
|
Definition
| Lower Esophageal Sphincter |
|
|
Term
| What is the teaching for a client with GERD? |
|
Definition
low-fat, high-protein diet
take antacids
avoid lying flat after meals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a lack or loss of appetite for food (as a medical condition).
an emotional disorder characterized by an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat. |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary symptom of anorexia nervosa? |
|
Definition
| starvation (still feels hungry) |
|
|
Term
| What is the perception of the body of someone with anorexia nervosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age does anorexia nervosa occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three personality types of someone with anorexia nervosa? |
|
Definition
perfectionist
overachiever
low esteem |
|
|
Term
| What is a major cardiac complication of anorexia nervosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a major gynecological complication of anorexia nervosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What treatment is involved for anorexia nervosa? |
|
Definition
small, frequent meals
counseling
milieu therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a serious medical condition in which the appendix becomes inflamed and painful. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychotherapy involving therapeutic communities |
|
|
Term
| Appendicitis is commonly seen in what age range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the classic sign of appendicitis? |
|
Definition
| acute right lower abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
| Besides acute right lower ab pain, what are some other signs/symptoms of appendicitis? |
|
Definition
loss of appetite
nausea/vomiting
low-grade fever |
|
|
Term
| For appendicitis, localized tenderness is found where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the tests to determine appendicitis? |
|
Definition
Complete H&P
Elevated WBC count |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment and nursing intervention for appendicitis? |
|
Definition
Immediate appendectomy
IV antibiotics
Semi-Fowler's position
NPO for bowel rest |
|
|
Term
| What is the general treatment for any acute ab pain? |
|
Definition
NPO status
No heat on the abdomen
Assess ab distention
IV fluid therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, whose partial pressures are measured along with other factors such as blood pH in order to assess oxygen saturation and other metabolic indicators in patients, especially those with respiratory disorders. |
|
|
Term
| What is the general treatment for any acute ab pain? |
|
Definition
NPO status
No heat on abdomen
Assess ab distention
IV fluid therapy |
|
|
Term
| Where are most samples drawn from for ABG? |
|
Definition
| radial artery of the wrist |
|
|
Term
| How long should pressure be applied to the site after collecting a sample for ABG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which test should be performed before collecting an ABG on a client? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a developmental disorder related to autism and characterized by higher than average intellectual ability coupled with impaired social skills and restrictive, repetitive patterns of interest and activities. |
|
|
Term
| Asperger's syndrome is a form of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for Asperger's syndrome focuses on improving? |
|
Definition
- communication
- social skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It usually results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity. |
|
|
Term
| Asthma is an obstructive airway disease caused by _____ and _____ of the bronchioles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of asthma? |
|
Definition
SOB
tachycardia
expiratory wheezes
cough |
|
|
Term
| When will the client with asthma experience the cough? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary treatment goal for asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medications work best for treatment of asthma? |
|
Definition
anti-inflammatory
corticosteroids
bronchodilators
leukotriene modifiers
metered dose inhalers |
|
|
Term
| Which should you give first -- the steroid or bronchodilator -- when treating asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are leukotriene modifiers? |
|
Definition
| drugs that block the chemical, leukotriene, which are inflammatory mediators, resulting in the reduction of inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What are the steps in using a metered dose inhaler? |
|
Definition
1. shake inhaler; remove cap
2. breathe out, away from inhaler
3. bring inhaler to mouth; place mouth piece between teeth, close mouth around it
4. start to breathe in slowly; press top of inhaler once and keep breathing in slowly 3-5 seconds
5. remove inhaler from mouth; hold breath 10 sec, then breathe out; wait 1 min between each puff
6. rinse mouth afterwards to prevent thrush |
|
|
Term
| Autonomic dysreflexia occurs in clients with what kind of injury? |
|
Definition
| spinal cord injury of T5 or above |
|
|
Term
| What can cause autonomic dysreflexia? |
|
Definition
full bladder
fecal impaction
constrictive clothing |
|
|
Term
| Why is autonomic dysreflexia so serious? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of autonomic dysreflexia? |
|
Definition
Increase in BP 40 mmHg
headache
bradycardia
blurred vision
sweating |
|
|
Term
| What should be done during an episode of autonomic dysreflexia? |
|
Definition
First, high Fowler's position
Check bladder/bowel distention
Loosen restrictive clothing |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for autonomic dysreflexia? |
|
Definition
- removal of stimuli
- void/BM
- antihypertensive med |
|
|
Term
| Bell's palsy affects which cranial nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the client with Bell's palsy suffer from? |
|
Definition
| temporary facial paralysis that affects chewing, eating, and closing the eyes |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Bell's palsy? |
|
Definition
Eye patch at night
Artificial tears
Glasses to protect eyes
Steroids to reduce edema |
|
|
Term
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) |
|
Definition
| Definition of benign prostatic hyperplasia. : enlargement of the prostate gland caused by a benign overgrowth of chiefly glandular tissue that occurs especially in some men over 50 years old and that tends to obstruct urination by constricting the urethra —abbreviation BPH. — called also benign prostatic hypertrophy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unknown enlargement of prostate gland |
|
|
Term
| Because the prostate blocks the urethral opening, clients will feel and see what when they urinate? |
|
Definition
- decreased urine stream
- dribbling urine flow
- straining to urinate
- urgency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to assess for BPH? |
|
Definition
| digital rectal exam physician will feel a pea sized nodule |
|
|
Term
| What is the common surgical treatment for BPH? |
|
Definition
| transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scope goes through penile urethral opening and removes part of the prostate |
|
|
Term
| After the procedure, what is the client at risk for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All clients will get _____-way (lumen) foley catheter before a TURP procedure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the three lumens of the foley catheter used for? |
|
Definition
- inflating the balloon
- inflow of NS irrigating solution
- outflow of urine |
|
|
Term
| What will the doctor order to be done after a TURP? |
|
Definition
| continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) |
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of CBI after TURP? |
|
Definition
| reduce/prevent blood clot formation |
|
|
Term
| Will an incision be made during the irrigation after TURP? |
|
Definition
| no, irrigation will be done using the 3-way indwelling foley catheter |
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is used to irrigate the bladder after TURP? |
|
Definition
| isotonic sterile saline (NS) |
|
|
Term
| What color do you want the urine to be while monitoring the CBI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During CBI, what must the client be monitored for? |
|
Definition
hyponatremia
bladder distention
fluid overload
blood loss |
|
|
Term
| If bladder spasms occur, give _____ or _____. |
|
Definition
| belladonna-opium suppositories or oxybutynin |
|
|
Term
| What is the best position for a client with CBI after TURP? |
|
Definition
| lying flat (supine), because sitting up puts pressure on bladder |
|
|
Term
| List some discharge instructions for patient post-op TURP. |
|
Definition
Drink 2-3 L fluids daily
No straining or lifting
Call MD if bright red clots
Kegel strengthens pelvic muscles |
|
|
