1. Health Protection

2. Health Surveillance

3. Disease and Injury Prevention

4. Population Health Assessment

5. Health Promotion

6. Emergency Preparedness and Response

The social, economical conditions, and ecological interactions that influence the health of individuals and communities.

For example: gender, income, socioeconomic status (SES), environment, education, working conditions, biology and genetics, health services, childhood development, culture, etc.

1. Respect for Autonomy - individual rights

2. Nonmaleficence - "do not harm"

3. Beneficence - promote well-being

4. Distributive Justice - equity and access

Levels of Action (Who?)

Determinants (What?)

Action Strategies (How?)

Focuses on interrelated conditions and factors that influence the health of populations.

Identifies systmatic variations in patterns of occurrence

Applies knowledge to improve health of these populations

study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specified populations

including the study of the determinants influencing such states and the application of this knowledge to control the health problems

looks at: health states and events

factors influencing health states and events

distribution of disease frequency

Association: reasonable evidence that a connection exists between a stressor and disease

Causation: when a relationship has been confirmed byond a doubt

Synergism: whole is more than the sum of its parts

There are several factors that can cause or contribute to a cause of a disease. These factors can interact in a multitude of ways and produce several outcomes.

• Determine extent of disease in a population
• Identify patterns
• Determine risk factors
• Make informed decisions
• Evaluate effectiveness of prevention
• Priorities

Biophysical: blood pressure, exposure, etc.

Psychosocial: quality of life, self perception, etc.

Disease frequency and outcomes: survival, morbidity, mortality, etc.

Total Number of deaths from a specific cause/entire population per year

Eg. 3540 deaths from the chickenpox during one year with total population of 290 000

(3540/290000)x1000=12.2 deaths per 1000 people per year

Total number of deaths from specific case/sub-population per year

Eg. 2000 women died from the flu during one year with a population of 4000

(2000/4000)x1000=500 died per 1000 women per year

number of deaths between birth and 1 year of age/ number of live birhts during the same time interval

Answers the question:

How likely is it that I will die from this disease?

# of deaths from a disease/ # of cases of the disease occurring within the same time period

Morbidity Definition

and

What are the two types?

Describes illness or experiences of health over time. Susceptibility of a population.

Two Types:

Incidence Rate

Prevalence

# of individuals who develop the condition during a specified time period

=(# of new cases of a given disease in a population in a given time/ # of people exposed to risk of developing disease)

The frequency of all current cases of disease in a specified population (how many people exhibit disease)

=(# of all cases/ total population)

Expresses the total # of cases of a disease know to have existed at some time during a specified period of time

(cases throughout a time period, like from the beginning of a month till the end of the month)

(# of deaths due to certain disease/ total # of deaths during same time period) x 100

Is represented as a percentage % (proportion of the population)

Healthy people are engaged in communities, create social cohesion, more productive, greater wellbeing

Creates the circumstances for economic growth.

Cognitive and verbal ability to predict someone's ability to participate in the workforce

Contribute to society and growth

Aka Risk

Vulnerability which determines the individual host response

Screening 

and 

The two types

A tool used for early diagnosis and is the application of a specific test to detect the presence of a disease

Two Types:

Mass

Selective

Measures designed to promote general health and avoidance of illness.

Eg. seatbelts, immunizations, sanitation, safe drinking water

Early detection and treatment. Screening at risk individuals.

Eg. Pap smear, colonoscopy, testicular examination

Used after disease events have already result in damage and harm. Latter phases of pathogenesis period.

Eg. muscle rehabilitation, recover from grief, minimize copycat suicide

Modifiable: Smoking, Diet, Hypertension, Sedentary Lifestyle, Stress, Diabetes, Obesity

Non-modifiable: Genetics, Age, Sex, Ethnicity