Term
| Concept (Key Point): Provides clarity and uniformity when discussing term in application to nursing |
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Definition
| “ Highly abstract and general word(s) or phrase(s) that summarize the essential characteristics or properties of a phenomenon” (Fawcett, 2000,p.3) |
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Term
| Models for nursing (Key Point): Provides organization for thinking, observing and interpreting in nursing practice. |
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Definition
| “Presentation of the interrelationships of concepts that form the nature and processes of nursing that are ….based on empirical observation, intuitive insights, or deductive reasoning” |
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Term
| Theoretical framework (Key Point): Composed of abstract and general concepts and propositions that are linked together in a distinctive way. |
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Definition
| “a logical grouping of related concepts or theories” |
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Term
| Theory (Key Point): Undergoes extensive testing, study and research in variety of settings and designs to ensure credibility and validity |
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Definition
| “creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that project a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena” |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 relationships among defined concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 a structure that gives them a systematic nature |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 are tentative because they are based on assumptions, values, judgments, and empirical observations |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 facilitate understanding the how and why of phenomena |
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Term
UseTypes of Theory:
Explanatory |
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Definition
| Describes concepts and provides understanding of interactions among concepts -- the world is flat good theory until someone ventured around and blew that one. |
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Term
UseTypes of Theory:
Predictive |
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Definition
| Anticipates a particular set of outcomes |
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Term
.......Practice
Application of theory: |
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Definition
Clarity in communication
Systematic framework others can follow
Replication of process, share the wealth, why reinvent the wheel
Accurate analysis
Modification and further refinement |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Nightingale |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To facilitate the body's reparative processes by manipulating the client's environment |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Nightingale |
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Definition
Framework:
Manipulate the client's environment to include appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, and hope. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Peplau (1952) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To develop an interaction between the nurse and client |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Peplau (1952) |
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Definition
Framework:
Nursing is a significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process. Nurses participate in structuring the health care system to facilitate the natural ongoing tendency of humans to develop interpersonal relationships. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Henderson (1955) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To work interdependently with other health care workers assisting the client to gain independence as quickly as poss ible. To assist the client in gaining the strength he lacks. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Henderson (1955) |
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Definition
Framework:
14 basic needs: breathe normally, eat and drink adequately, eliminate by all avenues of elimination, move and maintain a desirable position, sleep and rest, select suitable clothing-dress and undress, maintain body temperature within normal range, keep body clean and well groomed, avoid dangers in the environment, communicate with others, worship according to faith, work at something that provides a sense of accomplishment, play or participate in various forms of recreation, learn-discover-satisfy the curiosity that leds to normal development and health |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Abdellah (1960) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To provide service to individuals, families, and society. To be kind and caring but also intelligent, competent, and technically well prepared to provide this service |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Abdellah (1960) |
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Definition
Framework:
21 specific needs identified within four areas :. comfort--hygiene and safety--physiological balance psychological and social factor, --. sociological and community factors.
Known as Abdella's 21 nursing problems. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Orlando (1961) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To respond to the client behavior in terms of his immediate need. To interact with the client to meet the immediate need for help by identifying the behavior of the client, the reaction of the nurse, and the nursing action to be taken |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Orlando (1961) |
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Definition
Framework:
Three elements including client behavior, nurse reaction, and nurse action, which compose a nursing situation. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Hall (1962) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To provide care and comfort to the client during the disease process |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Hall (1962) |
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Definition
Framework:
Client is composed of three overlapping parts: 1 a person( the core), 2 a pathology and treatment (the cure), and 3 a body (the care). The nurse is the caregiver. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Wiedenbach (1964) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To assist individuals in overcoming obstacles that interfere with their ability to meet the demands/needs brought about by a condition, environment, situation or time. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Wiedenbach (1964) |
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Definition
Framework:
Nursing as a practice is related to individuals who need help because of a behavioral stimulus. Clinical nursing has four components: philosophy, purpose, practice and art. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Levine (1966) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To use conservation activities aimed at optimal use of client's resources |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Levine (1966) |
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Definition
Framework:
Adaptation model of human as an integral whole based on four conservation principles of nursing: conservation of client energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Johnson (1968) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To reduce stress so the client can move more easily through the recovery process. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Johnson (1968) |
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Definition
Framework:
seven categories of behavior: security seeking behavior, nurturance seeking behavior, master of oneself and one's environment according to internalized standards of excellence, taking in nourishment in socially and culturally acceptable ways, ridding the body of waste in socially and culturally acceptable ways, sexual and role identity behavior, and self protective behavioral balance and steady state by adjustment and adaptation to certain forces |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Rogers (1970) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To maintain and promote health, prevent illness, and care for and rehabilitate the sick and disabled through the humanistic science of nursing. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Rogers (1970) |
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Definition
Framework:
‘Unitary man” evolving along a life process. Client continually changes and coexists with his environment. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Orem (1971) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To care for the client and lelp the client attain total self care. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Orem (1971) |
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Definition
Framework:
Self care deficit theory. Nursing care becomes necessary when the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
King (1971) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To use communication to help the client reestablish a positive adaptation to his environment. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
King (1971) |
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Definition
Framework:
Nursing process defined as dynamic interpersonal process between the nurse, client, and health care system. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Travelbee (1971) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To assist an individual or family to prevent or cope with illness, regain health, find meaning in illness, or to maintain the highest maximal degree of health. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Travelbee (1971) |
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Definition
Framework:
Interpersonal process is viewed as a human to human relationship formed during illness and the ‘experience of suffering'. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Neuman (1972) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To assist individuals, families, and groups to attain and maintain a maximal level of total wellness by purposeful interventions. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Neuman (1972) |
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Definition
Framework:
Systems model of nursing practice has stress reductionas its goal. Nursin actios are in one of three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, or tertiary. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Roy (1976) |
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Definition
Goal of Nursing:
To identify the types of demands placed on a client, assess the client's adaptation to the demands, and help the client to adapt. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Roy (1976) |
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Definition
Framework:
Adaptation based on four adaptive modes : physiological, phychological, sociological and dependence-independence. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Patterson and Zderad (1976) |
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Definition
Goals of Nursing:
To respond to human needs and to build humanistic nursing science |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Patterson and Zderad (1976) |
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Definition
Framework:
Humanistic nursing requires the participants to be aware of their ‘uniqueness', as well as their ‘commonality' with others. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Leininger (1978) |
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Definition
Goals of Nursing:
To provide care consistent with nursing's emerging science and knowledge with caring as a central focus. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Leininger (1978) |
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Definition
Framework:
Transcultural care theory: caring is the central and unifying domain for nursing knowledge and practice. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Watson (1979) |
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Definition
Goals of Nursing:
To promote health, restore clients to health and prevent illness. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Watson (1979) |
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Definition
Framework:
Philosophy and science of caring: caring is an interpersonal process comprised of interventions that result in meeting human needs. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Parse (1981) |
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Definition
Goals of Nursing:
To focus on man as a living unity and man's qualitative participation with health experience. Nursing is viewed as a science and art. |
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Term
NURSING THEORISTS
Parse (1981) |
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Definition
Framework:
Man continually interacts with environment and participates in maintenance of health. Health isa continual, ipen process, rather than a state of well being or the absence of disease |
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Term
major contributions and purpose
Florence Nightingale: |
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Definition
| worked in the area of public health, hospital administration, and sanitary reform. |
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Term
major contributions and purpose
Martha Rogers: |
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Definition
| “Rogers' model focuses on the individual as a unified whole in constant interaction with the environment.” |
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Term
major contributions and purpose
Sr. Calista Roy: |
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Definition
| Dr. Roy is best known for her work on the Roy adaptation model of nursing. |
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Term
Application of Nursing Theories in Practice
Ambulatory care setting |
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Definition
Areas Applicable to Self-Care Theory
Orem's Self-Care Model:
Direct nursing care (direct contact with client and/or family) as opposed to indirect nursing care |
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