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| provide information by answering questions |
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| individuals cooperating in a study that play an active rather than a passive role |
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| studies that take place in the field |
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| the overall location for the research; it could be an entire community or an institution within a community |
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| the use of multiple sites to offer a larger or more diverse sample of participants |
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| abstractions that are involved in research |
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| concepts (abstractions) found within a qualitative study |
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| refers to an abstraction or mental representation inferred from situations or behaviors |
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| a systematic, abstract explanation of some aspect of reality |
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| using deductive reasoning to make predictions about how phenomena would behave in the real world if the theory were true |
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| a concept that varies in a research project |
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| concepts within a research project that remains the same |
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| variation in the dependent variable that depends on variation in the independent variable |
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| presents the abstract or theoretic meaning of the concepts being studied; must be defined by the researchers |
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| the pieces of information obtained in a study |
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| specifies the operations that researchers must perform to collect the required information |
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| all the pieces of data that researchers gather in a study |
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| information in numeric form |
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| a bond or connection between two or more phenomena |
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| Cause-and-effect (causal) relationship |
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| the relationship that demonstrates how variables can be related to one another in different ways |
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| quantitative studies that seek to illuminate the causes of phenomena |
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| Functional (associative) relationship |
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| a relationship that exists between two variables that are not related by a specific cause |
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| researchers actively introduce an intervention or treatment |
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| researchers are bystanders; they collect data without introducing treatments or making changes |
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| Controlled (clinical) trial |
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| a nonexperimental inquiry |
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| seeks to describe and understand the key social, psychological, and structural processes that occur in a social setting |
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| rooted in the philosophic tradition developed by Husserl and Heidegger; concerned with the lived experiences of humans |
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| the primary research tradition within anthropology; provides a framework for studying in patterns, lifeways, and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic fashion |
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| interesting, significant research problem(s) identified by quantitative researchers |
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| state researchers' expectations about relationships among study variables |
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| the overall plan for obtaining answers to the questions being studied and for handling various challenges to the worth of the study evidence |
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| needes to be developed, specifying exactly what the intervention will entail within the study |
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| all the individuals or objects with common, defining characteristics |
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| a subset of the population; group from which researchers typically collect data |
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| specifies in advance how the sample will be selected and how many subjects there will be |
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| the task of measuring research variables |
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| researchers seeking financial support typically submit these to a funding source |
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| the process of translating verbal data into numeric form |
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| the ways in which quantitative information is analyzed |
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| the process of making sense of study results and of examining their implications |
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| a design that emerges during the course of data collection |
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| categories which are used to build a rich description or theory of the phenomenon |
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| occurs when themes and categories in the data become repetitive and redundant, such that no new information can be gleaned by further data collection |
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