Term
|
Definition
| Intensity; how loud or soft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the length of time a note lingers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an instrument that illuminates the internal eye structures, enabling the examiner to look through the pupil at the fundus (background) of eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an instrument that illuminates the ear canal, enabling the examiner to look at the ear canal and tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frequency; the number of vibrations or cycles per second of a note |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| timbre; a subjective difference in a sound as a result of the sound's distinctive overtones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circular shape to skin lesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dusky blue color to skin or mucous membranes as a result of increased amount of non-oxygenated hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever or inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| self-inflicted abrasions due to scratching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellow color to skin, palate, and sclera due to excess bilirubin in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond site of original injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flat skin lesion with only a color change. Freckles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessively pale, whitish-pink color to lightly pigmented skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palpable skin lesion smaller than 1 cm in diameter. Wart, mole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compact desiccated flakes of skin from shedding of dead skin cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue that causes a deep depression in skin, extending into dermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1 cm in diameter. Chickenpox, herpes zoster (shingles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| raised red skin lesion due to interstitial fluid. Mosquito bite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blowing, swooshing sound heard through the stethoscope over an area of abnormal blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in the size of thyroid gland that occurs with hyperthyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement of the lymph nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to round symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| illusory sensation of either the room or one's own body spinning; not the same as dizziness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adaptation of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opacity of the lens of the eye that develops slowly with aging and gradually obstructs vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infection of the conjunctiva "pink eye" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary, rapid rhythmic movement of the eyeball |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red glow that appears to fill the person's pupil when first visualized through the ophthalmoscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (monilasis) white, cheesy, curd-like patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nose bleed, usually from the anterior septum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red, swollen gums that bleed easily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper or lower dental aarches out of alignment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pair of salivary glands in the cheeks in front of the ears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the throat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| red, swollen inflammation of the nasal mucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point of maximal impulse (PMI); pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5th intercostal space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cut shaped end piece used for soft, low-pitched sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slow heart rate, less than 50 minutes in the adult |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blowing or swishing sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flat end of piece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high pitched sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difficult, labored breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling of legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| third intercostal space. Traditional auscultatory area |
|
|
Term
| Left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) |
|
Definition
| increased in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction (aortic stenosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemi thorax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sustained swishing or blowing sounds heard at the beginning , middle, or end of the cardiac cycle |
|
|
Term
| orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) |
|
Definition
| when a normotensive person develops symptoms and low BP when changing body positions from lying, sitting, and standing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal variation in the S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration (end of systole and beginning of diastole) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid heart rate, greater than 95 bpm in adult |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a palpable vibration over the precordium or artery; it feels like a fine, palpable, rushing vibration and is associated with a loud murmur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated sections of alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slow breathing less than 10 breaths per minute with regular rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by moderate pitch and equal duration of inspiration and expiration |
|
|
Term
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) |
|
Definition
| a functional category of abnormal conditions characterized by airflow obstruction (emphysema, chronic bronchitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rales, abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| COPD characterized by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a palpable vibration from the spoke voice felt over the chest wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased rate and depth of breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased level of O2 in blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to breathe easily in an upright position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| striking over the chest wall with short, sharp blows of the fingers to determine the size and density of the underlying organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sounds created by airflow obstruction from secretions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid, shallow breathing; more than 24 breaths per minute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to soft, low-pitched, normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high-pitched, musical, squeaking adventitious lung sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or a congenital defect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| variation from the heart's normal rhythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plaques of fatty deposits formed in the inner layer (intima) of the arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficiency of arterial blood to a body part due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling of extremity due to obstructed lymph channel, non-pitting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indention left after examiner depresses skin over swollen edematous tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure wave created by each heartbeat, palpable at body sites where the artery lies close to the skin and over a bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dilated tortuous veins with incompetent valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the inner ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ear drum; think translucent, oval membrane that stretches across the ear canal and separates the middle ear from the outer ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spinning, twirling sensation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| history of present illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arteriosclerotic heart disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign prostatic hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peripheral vascular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sexually transmitted disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper respiratory infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coronary artery bypass graft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| good handwashing technique |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temperature, pulse, respirations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transurethral resection of prostate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural or native immunity. includes barriers ([1st line of defense]physical, mechanical and biochemical) and inflammation [2nd line of defense]. Form the first line of defense at the body's surface and are in place to prevent damage by substances in the environment and thwart infection by pathogenic microorganisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acquired or specific immunity. is induces in a relatively slower and more specific process and targets particular invading microorganisms for the purpose of eradicating them. Involves 'memory' |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The second line of defense, a rapid and nonspecific protective response to cellular injury from any cause. It can occur only in vascularized tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1) vasodilation and increased blood flow (erythema and warmth)
(2) Leakage of plasma proteins (edema)
(3) Leukocyte (neutrophil) recruitment and migration. |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation is mediated by three key plasma protein systems |
|
Definition
| the complement system, the clotting system, and the kinin system. The components of all three systems are a series of inactive proteins that are activated sequentially. |
|
|
Term
| Steps of acute inflammatory response |
|
Definition
(1) Cellular Injury/Pathogenic invasion
(2) Mast cell degranulation, the activation of three plasma systems, and the release of subcellular components from the damaged cells occur as a consequence (these systems are independent, so that induction of one can result in the induction of the other two).
(3)steps 1 and 2 results in vasodilation (erythema, warmth), Vascular permeability (edema), Cellular infiltration (pus), Thrombosis (clots), and Stimulation of nerve endings (pain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cytoplasmic fragments formed from megakaryocyte. They circulate in the bloodstream until vascular injury occurs. Activation results in (1) their interaction with components of the coagulation cascade to stop bleeding and (2) degranulation, releasing biochemical mediators such as serotonin, which has vascular effects similar to those of histamine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Various forms participate in the innate immune response (natural killer [NK]cells) and the acquired immune response (B and T cells). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are precursors of macrophages that are found in the tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a multistep cellular process for the elimination of pathogens and foreign debris. The steps include recognition and attachment, engulfment, formation of a phagosome
Chapter Summary Review 6-3
Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
and phagolysosome, and destruction of pathogens or foreign debris. Phagocytic cells engulf microorganisms and enclose them in phagocytic vacuoles (phagolysosomes), within which toxic products (especially metabolites of oxygen) and degradative lysosomal enzymes kill and digest the microorganisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involved in hemostasis and blood clotting. Formed elements in the blood that develop when megakaryocytes disintegrate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormally large number of leukocytes in the blood, which can be indicative of an infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cytokine released when mast cells and basophils release their granules. An important mediator of allergy. Its effects include smooth muscle, contraction, increased vascular permeability, and increased mucus secretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency of organisms to move in response to a chemical gradient (towards or away from stimuli). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluids or cells that have leaked from blood vessels and usually associated with inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| almost all cells capable of this function. Regeneration of cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wound disruption. Occur when a wound is reputed and opens and unable to suture back up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dysfunctional wound healing and found with burns or injuries to the joint. Does not allow for full mobility. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| works with clotting system. Bradykinin assists with the dilation of blood vessels and works with prostaglandins to decrease pain. Causes smooth muscle cell contraction. Increases cellular vascularity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destroys miccroorganisms directly. Further activates the adaptive immune system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms blood clots. Plug damaged vessels and stops bleeding using platelets, and traps microorganisms from spreading. |
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|
