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Nursing Normal Lab Values
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20
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
01/16/2014

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Term
A1C
Definition
Normal Non-Diabetic 5.7% or less
Diabetic (Ideal) 7% or less
Term
ABGs
Definition
-pH less than 7.35 with low PaCO2 and Bicarbonate = Metabolic acidosis commonly caused by kidney failure, DKA, shock
-pH greater than 7.45 with high PaCO2 and Bicarbonate = Metabolic alkalosis commonly caused by cirrhosis, heart failure, low K, and chronic vomiting
-pH less than 7.35 with high PaCO2 and Bicarbonate = Respiratory acidosis commonly caused by narcotics, asthma, COPD, airway obstruction
-pH greater than 7.45 with low PaCO2 and Bicarbonate = Respiratory alkalosis commonly caused by hyperventilation, pain, anxiety, brain trauma, and pneumonia
Term
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
Definition
Adult = 6-20 mg/dL
>60 y/o = 8-23 mg/dL

Increased suggest impaired kidney function

Severely decreased may indicate severe liver disease or malnutrition
Term
Calcium
Definition
Adult = 8.6-10.2 mg/dL (SI Units)

High total calcium indicates hyperparathyroidism, cancer, or hyperthyroidism

Low total calcium indicates low protein levels, hypoparathyroidism, or extreme dietary calcium deficiency
Term
CBC (Complete Blood Count)
Definition
Includes WBC, RBC, Platelet Evaluation
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
Adult Acceptable - below 200 mg/dL
Adult Borderline - 200-239 mg/dL
Adult High - greater than 240 mg/dL
Term
CK-MB (Creatine Kinase-MB)
Definition
If CK-MB is elevated and the ration to total CK is more than 2.5-3, heart attack is likely.
Term
Creatinine
Definition
Adult Male = 0.9-1.3 mg/dL
Adult Female = 0.6-1.1 mg/dL

Increased levels indicate kidney damage such as glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis, and urinary tract obstructions

Decreased levels are usually not cause for concern, but can indicate decreased muscle mass
Term
eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)
Definition
90+ = Normal kidney function
60-89 = Mild filtration decrease
30-59 = Moderate filtration decrease
15-29 = Severe kidney decrease
<15 = Kidney Failure
Term
Fasting Blood Glucose
Definition
Normal = 70-99 mg/dL
Pre-Diabetes = 100-125 mg/dL
Diabetes = 126 mg/dL or higher
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
Adult Male = 42%-54%
Adult Female = 38%-46%

Low hematocrit indicates anemia, loss of blood, nutritional deficiency, bone marrow problems, and abnormal hemoglobin.

High levels indicate dehydration, lung disease, tumors, polycythemia, or excessive erythropoietin use.
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
Adult Male = 14-18 gm/dL
Adult Female = 12-16 gm/dL

Low levels indicate anemia, loss of blood, nutritional deficiency, bone marrow problems, kidney failure, or abnormal hemoglobin structure.

High levels indicate , dehydration, advanced lung disease, tumors, polycythemia, or excessive erythropoietin use.
Term
Insulin
Definition
Elevation indicates acromegaly, Cushing's, obesity

Decrease indicates diabetes, hypopituitarism, or pancreatic disorders
Term
Magnesium
Definition
Adult Normal 1.8-2.6 mEq/L

Low levels indicate malnutrition, GI disorder, uncontrolled diabetes, hypoparathyroidism

High levels indicate kidney failure, hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, dehydration, Addison's
Term
Phosphorus
Definition
Normal adult = 2.4-4.1 mg/dL

Decrease (hypophosphatemia) indicates hypercalcemia, malnutrition, alcoholism, DKA, hypothyroidism, hypokalemia

Increase (hyperphosphatemia) indicates kidney failure, liver disease, hypoparathyroidism
Term
Platelet Count
Definition
Adult Normal = 150,000-450,000/microliter

Low indicates thrombocytopenia, viral infections, bone marrow cancers, aplastic anemia, chronic bleeding, sepsis, cirrhosis, autoimmune disorders, chemotherapy

High indicates cancer, anemia, inflammatory conditions, infectious disease, oral contraceptive use
Term
Potassium
Definition
Adult Normal = 3.5-5.1 mEq/L

Increase indicates kidney failure, Addison's, hypoaldosteronism, infection, diabetes, dehydration

Decrease indicates GI disorders, hyperaldosteronism, acetaminophen overdose
Term
RBC
Definition
Normal Adult Women = 4.2-5.4 million/uL
Normal Adult Men = 4.7-6.1 million/uL
Normal Children = 4.6-4.8 million/uL

Low indicates trauma, anemia, acute or chronic bleeding, bone marrow damage or disorders

High indicates pulmonary disease, heart disease, smoking, polycythemia vera
Term
Sodium
Definition
Adult Normal = 136-145 mEq/L
Adult >90 = 132-146 mEq/L

Hyponatremia is usually caused by Addison's disease, diarrhea, diuretics

Hypernatremia indicates dehydration
Term
WBC
Definition
Adult Normal = 4,500-11,000 wbc/mcL

High count (leukocytosis) indicates infections, inflammation, allergic responses, tissue death

Low count (leukopenia) indicates bone marrow damage/disorders, autoimmune disorders/diseases, septic infections
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