Term
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Definition
| most common sites for back pain |
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Term
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Definition
| cervical (C5-C7) injuries will have pain _______ |
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Term
| radiating down the leg (sciatica) |
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Definition
| a lumbosacral injury will cause pain _________ |
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Term
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Definition
| sciatic nerve involvement may be assessed via a _______ |
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Term
| herniated lumbosacral disks |
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Definition
| pain shooting down the back of the leg to the knee when the straight leg is raised indiciates _________ |
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Term
| decreased reflexes - sexual/bladder dysfunction |
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Definition
| neurologic dysfunction below a herniated disk may include (2) |
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Term
| xray, diskogram, CT Scan/MRI, EMG |
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Definition
| four tests used to diagnose the source of back pain |
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Term
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Definition
| back pain test used to ID skeletal deformities , fractures, stenosis, osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
| back pain test in which dye is injected into affected disk followed by x-ray |
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Term
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Definition
| back pain test used to ID soft tissue lesions, tumors, ruptured disk, pressure on nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| back pain test used to measure the electrical activity of affected muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| acute back pain ussually resolves itself within ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| for acute back pain, bed rest should be _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle relaxant used to decrease muscle spasms and pain associated with back pain |
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Term
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Definition
| two positions recommended to reduce back pain |
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Term
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Definition
most common back surgery
- excision of a portion of the lamina which enlarges the spinal canal to relieve pressure on spinal cord or nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery to permanently connect two or more vertebrae in the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery that stabalizes the vertebrae when a disk is removed to prevent bone on bone pain |
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Term
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Definition
| with spinal fusion surgery, the bone chips are ussually taken from the ____________ |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery used to widen the foramen in spinal stenosis allowing passage of spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of extruded/bulgin disk |
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Term
| IDET (intradiscal electrothermal annuloplasty) |
|
Definition
surgery that uses thermal energy, special needle inserted into the disc, heated to a high temp.
- the heat thickens and seals the disk wall which decreases the bulging disc |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| most accurate sign of CSF drainage |
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Term
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Definition
| after lumbosacral surgery, the pt should sleep on a ____ mattress |
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Term
| hoarseness/difficulty swallowing |
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Definition
| s/s of nerve damage from cervical surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| least seriou out of all soft tissue injuries |
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Term
|
Definition
| bleeding into soft tissues and muscles produced by blunt force |
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Term
| strain - microscopic tears |
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Definition
stretching injury to a muscle or tendon caused by overloading
- muscle forced to extend past elasticity will develop ________ ____________ |
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Term
|
Definition
| stretch or tear of one or more ligaments surrounding a joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| most common sites for sprain |
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Term
| tendon rupture or fracture |
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Definition
| "Cracking or snapping" sound heard indicates |
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|
Term
R - rest
I - ice
C - compression
E - elevation |
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Definition
| nursing care for sprains and strains |
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Term
| 15-20 minutes - 24-48 hours |
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Definition
| Ice a sprain/strain for ____ intermittently for ____ after injury |
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Term
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Definition
| dislocation that has the greatest risk of avascular necrosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| when dislocated, a joint should be immobilized to prevent __________ |
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Term
| physical abuse - osteogenesis imperfecta |
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Definition
| since fractures are very rare in infants, the presence of one may indicate ______ ____ or _____ ______ |
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Term
|
Definition
| genetic condition of extremely fragile bones |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture caused by a direct blow or crushing force is a result of |
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Term
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Definition
| a fracture cause by a sudden twisting motion is a result of |
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Term
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Definition
| fractured bone resulting from the strong pulling effect on the tendons or ligaments at the bone attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture when the bone is subject to repeated stress such as jogging or running |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture involves a displaced fracture fragment that is overriding the other bone fragment |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture with two or more fragments and the fragments appear to floating |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture in which a line of fraction extends in an oblique direction |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture in which the line of fraction extends across the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete fracture with one side splintered and the other side bent |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture in which the line of fracture extends in a spiral direction along the shaft of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture in which the muscle and fascia are not involved |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture that extrudes through the skin and fascia |
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Term
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Definition
| spontaneous fracture at the site of disease |
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Term
| fatigue the muscles - immobilize |
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Definition
| the purpose of traction in reduction is to __________, reduce the bone, and |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| major cause of death after fracture |
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Term
| fractured long bones, fractured pelvis, crush injuries |
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Definition
| fat emboli are ussually caused by (3) |
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Term
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Definition
| with a fat emboli, fat globules move into the blood from the _______ _______ |
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Term
|
Definition
| fat emboli ussually occur within _____ of the fracture |
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Term
| avascular necrosis/aseptic necrosis |
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Definition
| caused when a bone loses blood supply and dies after a fracture |
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Term
| neck of femur (hip fractures) |
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Definition
| most common site for avascular necrosis/aseptic necrosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| to treat avascular necrosis, the dr may attempt to revitalize the bone with ______ |
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Term
|
Definition
| treatment for avascular necrosis that consists of fusion of the joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| failure of bones to unite or healing that does not advance at a normal rate |
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Term
|
Definition
condition when there is tissue between bone ends of a fracture
- leads to non-union/delayed union |
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Term
|
Definition
method used to treat non-union caused by bone loss
- lengthens the bone with internal fixation devices |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of compromised circulation within the fascia (fibrous covering that contains muscle, bones, nerves, and BV) |
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Term
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Definition
| compartment syndrome ussually occurs within ______ of an injury |
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Term
|
Definition
| most common sites of compartment syndrome (2) |
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Term
|
Definition
| tissue death occurs within ______ of the onset of compartment syndrome |
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Term
|
Definition
| with compartment syndrome, the extremity should be elevated at the ______ |
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Term
|
Definition
| with compartment syndrome, the extremity should not be elevated an higher than the ______ because it could impede circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical procedure used to relieve the pressure of compartment syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| most common fracture seen in the hospital |
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Term
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Definition
| hip fracture that occurs within the hip joint (capsule) involving the femoral head or neck |
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Term
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Definition
| intracapsular hip fracture that occurs below the cap or head |
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Term
| transcervical (midcervical) |
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Definition
| intracapsular hip fracture that occurs through the neck |
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Term
| basal neck (basicervical) |
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Definition
| intracapsular hip fracture that occurs at the base of the neck |
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Term
|
Definition
| hip fracture that occurs outside the hip joint or capsule and between the greater and lesser trochanter |
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Term
|
Definition
| prior to surgery, a hip fracture must be immobilized using ____ |
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Term
|
Definition
| internal fixation devices (plates, screw fixation, telescoping nail fixation) are ussually used with ___________ hip fractures |
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Term
|
Definition
| hip arthroplasty/prosthetic implant are are ussually used with ___________ hip fractures |
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Term
|
Definition
| intracapsular fractures ussually cause ________ ______ which is why joint replacement is usually necessary |
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Term
|
Definition
| replacement of either the femoral head or the acetabulum with a prosthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
| replacement of bothe the femoral head and the acetabulum |
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|
Term
60 - 6-7 days
90 - 2-3 months |
|
Definition
| following hip fractures, flexion is limited to __ degrees for _____ then ___ degrees for _______ |
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Term
|
Definition
| following hip fractures, no aduction beyond midline is permitted for _______ |
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Term
|
Definition
| following hip fractures, drainage must be emptied and recorded every ______ |
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