Term
Acarbose
(Precose)
Diabetic
(Hypoglycemic agents, oral) |
|
Definition
s/e GI
*Management of non-insulin dependent DM
*used alone or in combo with a sulfonylurea or insulin
*PO- take with 1st bite of meal, peaks in 1 hr
*recognize signs of hypoglycemia & treat with dextrose
*measure BS 1 hr after meals
*measure long term with A1C
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Acetaminophen
Analgesics- non-opioids |
|
Definition
s/e liver & kidney failure
*Treatment of mild pain or fever
*toxicity- rapid, weak pulse, dyspnea, cold-clammy extremities |
|
|
Term
Acyclovir
(Zovirax)
Anti-infectives (Anti-viral) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, blood dyscrasias, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
*treatment of herpes, varicella
*IV- onset immediate, peak immediate
*PO- absorbed minimally, onset unk, peak 90 min- take without regard to meals with a full glass of water
*Do not break, crush or chew
*If dose missed, take when remembered, up to 1 hour before next dose
*contact MD of sore throat, fever, fatigue- could be signs of superinfection
*may cause acute renal failure, monitor renal fx
*throbocytopenic purpura |
|
|
Term
Albuterol Sulfate
(Proventil- HFA, ProAir- HFA)
Respiratory
(Bronchodilators- sympathomimetic) |
|
Definition
s/e tremors, tachycardia, URI
*Treatment of bronchial asthma, reversible bronchospasm |
|
|
Term
Albuterol/Ipratropium Inhaler
(Combivent)
Respiratory- Anti-asthmas, other |
|
Definition
s/e nervousness, tremors, photophobia, URI tachycardia, dyspnea, hypersensitivity
*Treatment of COPD
*monitor for toxicity
*assess for hypersensitivity, including soy products, atropine, peanuts
*encourage 10-12 glasses of water/day
*avoid OTC cough/hay fever meds
*caution with hazardous activities |
|
|
Term
Alendronate
(Fosamax)
Risedronate
(Actonel)
Hormones/Synthetic Substitutes
(Bone Resorption Inhibitors) |
|
Definition
*Prevention & treatment of osteoporosis and tx of Paget disease
*take in a.m. before food or other meds
*full glass of water
*remain upright for 30 minutes
*take with Ca & Vit D if instructed
*may cause subtrochanteric femur fractures |
|
|
Term
Allopurinal
(Aloprim, Zyloprim)
Musculoskeletal- Anti-gout |
|
Definition
s/e GI, drowsiness
*Treatment of gout
*encourage 10-12 glasses water/day
*Check CBC & renal fx
*Take with food, not Vit C or iron
*initial- increase attacks of gout
*avoid alcohol, organ meat, gravy, legumes
*monitor liver fx |
|
|
Term
Alprazolam
(Xanax)
Mental Health- Anti-anxiety |
|
Definition
s/e orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision
*Onset 30 min, peak 1-2 hrs, dur 4-6 hrs
*full effect 2-3 days
*may be taken with food
*may be habit forming, don't take >4 months
*Memory impairment is a sign of long term use
*Don't stop abruptly, may cause seizures
*Drowsiness worse in beginning |
|
|
Term
Aluminum Hydroxide Gel
(Amphojel)
GI- antacids |
|
Definition
s/e constipation that may lead to impaction
*Antacid used to renal failure to control hyper-phospatemia because drug contains aluminum, which binds with phosphate in the GI tract
*high sodium content
*monitor for phosphate depletion (malaise, anorexia, muscle weakness)- can lead to resorption of Ca & bone demineralization
*interferes with tetracycline
*may interfere with some imaging |
|
|
Term
Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tobramicin
Anti-infective (aminoglycoside) |
|
Definition
s/e deafness (pregnancy), ototoxicity (CN8), nephrotoxicity
*Tx of severe systemic infections of CNS, respiratory, GI, UTI, bone, skin, PID
*IV over 30 minutes to 1 hour
*IM deep, slow injection
*never SQ
*check peak- 2 hrs after given
*trough- at time of dose, prior to med
*fluids 8-10/day |
|
|
Term
Amiodarone
(Cordarone, Pacerone)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-arrhythmics) |
|
Definition
s/e dizzy, corneal deposits, GI, b-cardia, hypotension, photosensitivity, neuro dysfx, muscle weakness, cardiac arrest
*Management of ventricular arrhythmias unresponsive to less toxic agents
*IV- continuous cardiac monitoring
*assess for pulmonary toxicity- rales/ crackles, decreased breath sounds, fatigue pleuritic friction rub, pleuritic pain, dyspnea, cough, fever
*neurotoxicity-ataxia, muscle weakness, tingling finger/toes, tremors-common in initial therapy
*s/e may not appear for weeks/years & may persist for several months after stopping
*photosensitivity
*may increase ALT/AST |
|
|
Term
Amitriptyline
Mental Health- Antidepressants, Tricyclic |
|
Definition
s/e sedation, blurred vision, postural hypotension, GI, increased appetite, sex dysfx, confusion, dysrhythmias
*Treatment of major depression
*suicide risk high after 10-14 days due to increased energy
*avoid alcohol
*use sunblock
*increase fluids
*take at bedtime
*smokers require more
*avoid hazardous activity
*monitor BS |
|
|
Term
Amlodipine
(Norvasc)
Cardiovascular
(Calcium Channel Blocker) |
|
Definition
s/e flushing, edema, headache, fatigue, GI, somnolence
*treat H/T, CAD & vasospastic angina
*consult MD before taking OTC cough meds
*don't store in bathroom |
|
|
Term
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Penicillin
Anti-infectives
(Penicillins) |
|
Definition
s/e allergic reactions (fever, dyspnea, rash), renal, hepatic, hematologic abnormalities, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
*treatment of resp infections, scarlet fever, otitis media, pneumonia, skin/soft tissue infections, gonorrhea
*take history of penicillin reaction- observe for 20 minutes post IM injection
*PO-peni & ampicillin- 1 hr ac/2 hrs pc- not necessary for amoxicillin
*take equally divided doses
*continue med for entire time
*check for hypersensitivity to other drugs, especially cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
Amphotericin B
(Abelcet, Amphotec, Fungizone)
Anti-infective- (anti-fungal) |
|
Definition
s/e fever, neprotoxicity, blood-kidney-heart-liver abnormalities, CNS disturbance
*Treatment of histoplasmosis, skin infections, septicemia
*Don't mix with other drugs
*potential benefits must balance serious side effects |
|
|
Term
Aripiprazole
(Abilify)
Mental Health- Anti-psychotics |
|
Definition
s/e agitation, anxiety, weight gain, GI,
hyperglycemia, sedation, orthostatic hypotension
*Management of schizophrenia, bipolar, major depressive disorder
*IM- inject deep, slowly into muscle mass
*Assess for extrapyramidal side effects
*Monitor for suicidal ideation |
|
|
Term
Aspirin
Analgesics-non-opioids |
|
Definition
*mild-moderate pain, TIAs, angina, ischemic stroke, MI prophylaxis
*don't give to kids
*discard if vinegar smell
*if long term, check for liver damage-dark urine, clay stools, jaundice, itching |
|
|
Term
Atenolol
(Tenormin)
Cardiovascular
(Beta Blockers) |
|
Definition
s/e bradycardia, cold extremities, postural hypotension, bronchospasm in overdose, 2nd/3rd degree heart block, GI insomnia, fatigue, dizzy, mental changes
*treatment of H/T, MI, angina prophylaxis
*masks signs of hypoglycemia in diabetics
*If pulse <50, hold and contact MD
*PO- take before meals, at bedtime
*tablet may be crushed
*taper off over 2 weeks |
|
|
Term
Atorvastatin
(Lipitor)
Cardivascular Meds
(Anti-lipemic) |
|
Definition
s/e constipation, decreased vit A,D,K, GI, arthralgia, myopathy, nasopharyngitis, UTI
*used to lower cholesterol, digitalis toxicity, biliary obstruction pruritus & diarrhea, decrease risk of MI & stroke in patient with Type 2 Diabetes
*take other meds 1 hr before or 4 hrs after to avoid poor absorption
*mix in applesauce or liquid, don't take dry, let stand for 2 minutes
*monitor for hypo-prothrombinemia, tarry stools, bleeding gums, hematuria, bruising
*monitor liver enzymes
*avoid grapefruit products |
|
|
Term
Azithromycin
(Zithromax)
Anti-infectives
(Macrolides) |
|
Definition
s/e nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
*resp tract, skin, urethritis, cervicitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, community acquired pneumonia
*PO- rapid onset, peak 2.5-3 hr, dur 24 hr
*IV- rapid onset, peak end of infusion, duration 24 hours
*PO- don't take with antacids, take with or without food
*monitor for superinfection (diarrhea, perineal itching, oral ulcers)
*sex partners need treated |
|
|
Term
Baclofen
(Lioresal)
M/S- relaxant |
|
Definition
s/e dizzy, fatigue, confusion, seizures
*Used to reduce spasticity in multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, muscular rigidity
*avoid alcohol or CNS depressants
*increased risk of seizures
*withdraw gradually or cause tachycardia, hallucinations, rebound spasticity
*monitor for sensitivity (fever, skin eruptions, rebound sensitivity)
*may elevate blood sugar |
|
|
Term
Beclomethasone
(Beclovent, Beconase, Qvar)
Allergy & Asthma (Corticosteroids) |
|
Definition
*Chronic asthma & rhinitis
*prevention of recurrence of nasal polyps |
|
|
Term
Benazepril
(Lotensin)
Cardiovascular Meds
(ACE Inhibitors) |
|
Definition
s/e angioedema, cough, headache, dizziness, fatigue
*used to treat hypertension
*often used in combination with thiazide diuretics
*indomethacin may decrease therapeutic effects
*avoid salt substitutes containing potassium because of K-sparing effects
*avoid nonprescription cough meds unless MD directed |
|
|
Term
Benzonatate
(Tessalon)
Respiratory- Anti-tussive |
|
Definition
*Treatment of a non-productive cough
*Swallow whole (release of med may cause local anesthetic effect and choking)
*Additive CNS depression may occur with antihistamines, alcohol, opioids,sedatives
*avoid activities requiring alertness until response is known
*contact of signs of overdose-convulsions, trembling, restlessness
*check lungs regularly |
|
|
Term
Benztropine
(Cogentin)
Neuro |
|
Definition
s/e Anhidrosis, tardive dyskinesia
*Treatment of Parkinson symptoms, EPS rt neuro drugs, acute dystonia
*taper over a week, or withdrawal sx (EPS, tremors, insomnia, tachycardia, restless)
*avoid hazardous activities
*change positions slowly
*avoid alcohol & antihistamines
*Antidote is physostigmine |
|
|
Term
Bisoprolol
(Zebeta)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-hypertensive) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, fatigue, dizziness, headache
*treatment of mild-moderate H/T
*peak- 2-4 hrs
*therapeutic response in 1-2 weeks
*don't stop abruptly, may cause angina
*don't use OTC with stimulants-cold meds or nasal decongestants) unless directed
*avoid alcohol, smoking, sodium intake
*contact MD of signs of CHF (dyspnea, night cough, swelling of extremities) |
|
|
Term
Brimonidine
(Alphagen P)
Opthalmic- other |
|
Definition
s/e ocular hyperemia, allergic conjunctivitis, pruritus, hypertension, visual disturbance
*Treatment of glaucoma & ocular H/t
*wait 15 minutes for contact
*caution with hazardous activities due to decreased mental alertness
*avoid alcohol
*monitor intraocular pressure because may reverse after 1 month of therapy |
|
|
Term
Bumetanide
Cardiovascular
(Loop Diuretics) |
|
Definition
s/e K-loss, electrolyte imbalance, hypovolemia, ototoxicity, ^glycemia, hypotension, muscle weakness, tinnitus
*Treatment of edema, adult nocturia
*PO-onset 30-60 min, peak 1-2 hr, dur 3-6
*IM- onset 40 min, peak 1-2 hr, dur 4-6 hr
*IV- onset 5 min, peak 15-30, dur 3-6 hr
*weigh daily
*encourage potassium-containing foods
*may ^LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides
*monitor BUN, CBC, calcium & uric acid
*monitor for hearing loss |
|
|
Term
Bupropion
(Wellbutrin, Zyban)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, other |
|
Definition
s/e agitation, tremor, hypertension, nervousness, GI
*Treatment of depression & smoking cessation
*if missed dose, take asap and space remaining doses at 4 hr intervals
*stop gradually
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants during and for 1 week after
*avoid hazardous activity
*may increase suicidal thoughts |
|
|
Term
Buspirone
(BuSpar)
Mental Health- Anti-anxiety |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, nervousness, insomnia, GI, light-headedness, tachycardia
*Management of anxiety
*onset 7-10 days, effect may take 3-4 wks
*avoid alcohol, CNS depressants, grapefruit juice
*caution changing positions (fainting) |
|
|
Term
Calcium Carbonate
(Tums)
GI- antacids |
|
Definition
*Used as antacid & calcium supplement
*May decrease effect of antibiotics & other drugs due to absorption- separate by >2 hrs
*use caution if taking cardiac glycoside or has sarcoidosis or renal/cardiac disease
*signs of hypercalcemia- nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, anorexia |
|
|
Term
Captopril
(Capoten)
Cardovascular Meds
(ACE Inhibitors) |
|
Definition
s/e broncospasm, dyspnea, cough, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, tachycardia, loss of taste
*treatment of hypertension, CHF, L ventricular dysfunction after MI, diabetic neuropathy
*contact of fever, rash, sore throat, mouth sores, swelling of hands/feet, fast or irregular heartbeat, chest pain or cough
*take on empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 hrs after, tablets may be crushed & mixed
*loss of taste might last 2-3 months, might interfere with nutrition
*avoid changing positions rapidly first few days while adjusting to med
*don't use OTC (cough-cold-allergy) unless directed by Md
*avoid potassium supp & potassium salt subs |
|
|
Term
Carbamazepine
(Tegretol)
Mental Health- Bipolar Agents |
|
Definition
s/e myelosuppression, ataxia, diplopia, photosensitivity
*Management of bipolar disorder, seizures, trigeminal neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy
*avoid driving for 3 days
*monitor CBC & periodic eye exams
*urine may turn pink to brown
*avoid abrupt withdrawals
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*monitor for hepatic reaction
*monitor thyroid function
*monitor for suicidal thoughts
*wear medical info tag
*no grapefruit |
|
|
Term
Carbidopa/Levodopa
(Sinemet)
Neuro |
|
Definition
s/e twitching, mental changes, arrhythmias, dark urine/sweat
*Treatment of Parkinson's
*take with food, decreased effect with liver, pork, wheat germ and Vit B6
*monitor for melanoma
*change positions slowly
*may increase liver fx results
*may cause false positive for urine ketones |
|
|
Term
Carisoprodol
(Soma)
M/S- relaxant |
|
Definition
*Relief of M/S pain and stiffness
*avoid alcohol, CNS depressants, OTC cold or allergy meds
*avoid activities requiring alertness initially
*may cause dependence |
|
|
Term
Carvedilol
(Coreg)
Cardiovascular
(Beta Blocker) |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, postural hypotension, impotence, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, fatigue, CHF worsening, dry eyes, bradycardia
*treatment-HT, CHF, LV dysfx after MI
*PO- take with food
*May be crushed or swallowed whole
*taper off over 1-2 weeks
*may mask symptoms of low BS in diabetics
*may mask symptoms of hyperthyroidism |
|
|
Term
Cefaclor
(Ceclor)
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 1st generation) |
|
Definition
s/e diarrhea
*treatment of respiratory tract, bone, joint & skin infections, otitis media, UTIs
*Peak 30-60 minutes, ER 1.5-2.5 hours
*Take for 10-14 days to prevent superinfections
*May cause false positive in urine glucose |
|
|
Term
Cefadroxil
(Duricef)
Anti-infectives
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 1st Generation) |
|
Definition
s/e diarrhea, angioedema, rash
*treatment of upper & lower respiratory tract, UTI & skin infections, otitis media, tonsillitis
*Peak 60-90 minutes, duration 12-24 hours
*take for 10-14 days to prevent superinfection
*possible cross-allergy to penicillin
*may cause false positive of urine glucose |
|
|
Term
Cefdinir
(Omnicef)
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 3rd gen) |
|
Definition
s/e nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, rash, headache, vaginal yeast infection
*treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, skin infections
*take for 10-14 days to prevent superinfections
*do not give antacids or iron supplements within 2 hours
*may cause false positive for urine ketones or glucose
*may cause increased GGT |
|
|
Term
Cefepime
(Maxipime)
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 3rd gen) |
|
Definition
s/e nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, elevated liver function tests, rash, headache
*treatment of respiratory tract, UTI and skin infections
*IV- peak 30 minutes
*IM- peak 2 hours
*may cause false positive Coombs test
*may cause false positive for urine glucose |
|
|
Term
Cefotaxime
(Claforan)
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 3rd gen) |
|
Definition
s/e nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, anorexia
*treatment of respiratory tract, intra-abdominal/GYN, gonococcal infections, meningitis, septicemia, bacteremia
*IV- onset 5 minutes
*IM- onset 30 minutes
*monitor for superinfections
*yogurt or buttermilk help maintain normal intestinal flora
*monitor I & O
*may cause falsely elevated creatinine |
|
|
Term
Cefotetan
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 2nd generation) |
|
Definition
s/e diarrhea, rash, nausea
*treatment of respiratory tract, bone, joint & skin infections, GYN & gonococcal infections, UTI, intra-abdominal infections
*IM/IV- peak 1.5-3 hours or at end of infusion
*avoid alcohol
*may cause falsely elevated creatinine values |
|
|
Term
Cefoxitin
(Mefoxin)
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 2nd gen) |
|
Definition
s/e diarrhea, rash
*treatment of respiratory tract, bone & skin infections, GYN & gonococcal infections, peritonitis, septicemia, UTIs
*IM- peak 20-30 minutes
*IV- peak at end of infusion
*take for 10-14 days to prevent superinfection
*avoid alcohol
*eat yogurt or buttermilk to maintain intestinal flora
*may cause false positive urine glucose |
|
|
Term
Cefpodoxime
(Vantin)
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 3rd gen) |
|
Definition
s/e nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, urticaria, cough
*treatment of respiratory tract, UTI, skin infections, otitis media & STDs
*take for 10-14 days to prevent superinfection
*give 1-2 hours after antacid
*give with food to enhance absorption |
|
|
Term
Cefprozil
(Cefzil)
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 2nd gen) |
|
Definition
s/e diarrhea, rash
*treatment of pharyngitis/tonsillitis, otitis media, secondary bacterial infection of acute bronchitis and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis
*Peak 90 minutes
*Take for 10-14 days to prevent superinfection
*May cause false positive Coombs test
*May cause elevated levels in ALT, AST
*May cause false positive urine glucose |
|
|
Term
Cefuroxime
(Ceftin, Zinacef)
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 2nd gen) |
|
Definition
s/e diarrhea, rash
*treatment of respiratory tract, bone & skin infections, gonococcal infections, UTIs, meningitis, septicemia
*take for 10-14 days to prevent superinfection
*may cause increased BUN & serum creatinine
*may cause false positive urine glucose |
|
|
Term
Celecoxib
(Celebrex)
Analgesic- non-opioid |
|
Definition
*Management of arthritis pain
*onset 24-48 hrs, duration 12-24 hrs
*increase in dose doesn't increase effectiveness
*don't take if allergic to sulfonamides, aspirin or NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
Cephalexin
(Keflex)
Anti-infectives
(Cephalosporins, 1st Generation) |
|
Definition
s/e diarrhea, anaphylaxis, nausea, rash, headache
*treatment of upper & lower respiratory tract, UTI, skin & bone infections, otitis media
*Peak 1 hour, duration usually 6 hours, but may be up to 12 hours with decreased renal function
*take for 10-14 days to prevent superinfection
*possible cross-allergy to penicillin
*may cause false positive of urine glucose |
|
|
Term
Cetirizine
(Zyrtec)
Allergy & Asthma- antihistamine |
|
Definition
*Relief of seasonal & perennial allergic rhinitis
*avoid alcohol
*call immediately for difficulty breathing or swallowing
*notify of hydroxyzine (Vistaril) allergy |
|
|
Term
Chlordiazepoxide
(Librium)
Mental Health- Anti-anxiety |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, drowsiness, disorientation, ataxia, pain at IM site
*Management of anxiety, tx of alcohol withdrawal & IBS
*abrupt stop may lead to insomnia, tremors, irritability, nervousness
*avoid alcohol, CNS depressants |
|
|
Term
Chlorthalidone
(Thalitone, Tenoretic & Atenolol)
Cardiovascular
(Thiazides/related diuretics |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, aplastic anemia, orthostatic hypotension, GI, urinary frequency, fatigue, weakness, electrolyte changes
*Used in treatment of edema and H/T
*onset 2 hr, peak 6 hr, duration 24-72 hrs
*take with or just after meals to reduce GI symptoms
*BS may increase in diabetics
*take in the morning
*weigh daily
*May decrease PBI level
*Avoid changing positions rapidly |
|
|
Term
Cimetidine
(Tagamet)
GI- Anti-ulcer |
|
Definition
s/e diarrhea, confusion (elderly), headache, dysrhythmias
*treatment of chronic warts in children
*reduces gastric acid secretions by 50-80%
*may be taken without regard to meals
*avoid antacids 1 hr before or after
*don't use OTC >2 weeks unless MD ok
*monitor liver enzymes & blood counts
*may be used for prevention of aspiration pneumonia, stress ulcers, idiopathic urticaria, hyperparathyroidism |
|
|
Term
Ciprofloxacin
(Cipro)
Anti-infectives
(Fluoroquinolones) |
|
Definition
s/e seizures, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distress, flatulence, rash, photosensitivity, tendon rupture, muscle tear, CNS side effects
*treatment of infection caused by E coli & other bacteria, chronic prostatitis, acute sinusitis, post-exposure inhalation anthrax
*not if under 18
*take 2 hrs pc or 2 hrs before antacid or iron
*take at equal intervals around the clock
*avoid caffeine
*8-10 glasses fluid/day
*may cause false positive opiate screening
*do not infuse with other meds |
|
|
Term
Citalopram
(Celexa)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, SSRI |
|
Definition
s/e tachycardia, GI, nervousness, insomnia, hyponatremia
*Treatment of major depression
*take in a.m. to avoid insomnia
*potentiates digoxin, warfarin & diazepam
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants during and for 1 week after therapy
*use caution in hazardous activities
*take consistently at the same time of day
*4 weeks for therapeutic effect
*may increase suicidal thoughts and behavior |
|
|
Term
Clarithromycin
(Biaxin)
Anti-infectives
(Macrolides) |
|
Definition
s/e nausea, taste, diarrhea, dyspepsia, headache
*resp infections, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, sinusitis
*treatment 7-14 days depending on organism and extent of infection
*take with food
*possible increase of theophylline and carbamazepine levels |
|
|
Term
Clindamycin
(Cleocin)
Anti-infectives
(Lincosamides) |
|
Definition
s/e nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vaginitis, rash, jaundice
*treatment of infections caused by Staph, Strep & other organisms
*PO- peak 45 minutes, duration 6 hours
*IM- peak 3 hours, duration 8-12 hours
*may cause increase in AST, ALT, CPK |
|
|
Term
Clomiphene Citrate
(Clomid, Serophene)
Women's Health- Hormone, ovulation stimulant |
|
Definition
s/e vasomotor flushes, heavy menses, mental depression, weight gain, spontaneous abortion, multiple ovulations, enlarged ovaries
*Report abnormal bleeding immediately
*report pelvic pain immediately
*report menopause like sx immediately
*report edema or decreased urination immediately
*stop med if pregnancy suspected |
|
|
Term
Clonidine Patch
(Catapres or Catapres tabs)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-hypertensive) |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, severe rebound hypertension, dry mouth/eyes, dizziness, headache, constipation
*treatment of H/T, severe cancer pain (with opiates)
*change positions slowly
*avoid alcohol, CNS depressants
*avoid high-sodium food
*caution potentially hazardous activities
*avoid alcohol, smoking, strenuous exercise in hot environment
*apply to non-hairy area, rotate sites, don't apply to scarred or irritated areas
*wear medical info tag
*may cause a positive Coombs test |
|
|
Term
Clopidogrel
(Plavix)
Cardiovascular
(Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor) |
|
Definition
s/e GI & GI bleeding, life-threatening bleeding, depression, rash
*Used to reduce risk of stroke, MI, P.A.D. in high risk patients, ACS
*monitor blood in long-term therapy
*take with meals to decrease GI symptoms
*report unusual bruising/bleeding
*it may take longer to stop bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Treatment of moderate-severe pain, nonproductive cough
*don't use if respirations <12
*avoid alcohol or CNS depressants
*withdrawal sx- nausea, vomiting, cramps, faintness, anorexia
*physical dependence may result |
|
|
Term
Colchicine
(Colcrys)
Probenecid
(Probalan)
Musculoskeletal- Anti-gout |
|
Definition
*Treatment of gout
*encourage 10 glasses water/day
*avoid alcohol, organ meats, gravy, legumes |
|
|
Term
Colestipol
(Colestid)
Cardiovascular
(Anti-lipemic agents) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, decreased vit A,D,K, pruritus
*used to lower cholesterol, digitalis toxicity, biliary obstruction
*take other meds 1 hr before or 4 hrs after to avoid poor absorption
*mix granules in applesauce or liquid, do not take dry, let stand for 2 minutes
*monitor for hypo-prothrombinemia, tarry stools, bleeding gums, hematuria, bruising
*don't crush, cut or chew- drink plenty of liquid |
|
|
Term
Cromolyn
(Opticrom)
Opthalmics, other |
|
Definition
s/e ocular irritation, hypersensitivity
*Treatment of conjunctivitis, keratitis
*Don't wear contacts while using |
|
|
Term
Cromolyn Sodium
(NasalCrom)
Respiratory- nasal |
|
Definition
*Prophylaxis & treatment of allergic rhinitis
*May take several weeks |
|
|
Term
Cromolyn Sodium Inhaler
(Intal)
Respiratory- Anti-asthmas, other |
|
Definition
s/e bronchospasm, cough, wheeze
*Prophylactic management of bronchial asthma
*notify of wheezing, respiratory distress
*don't use for acute attacks |
|
|
Term
Cyanocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin
(Vitamin B12) |
|
Definition
*Treatment of deficiency, pernicious anemia, hemorrhage, renal & hepatic disease
*Foods high in B12- meats, seafood, egg yolk, fermented cheeses
*excessive use of alcohol or Vit C decrease oral effectiveness |
|
|
Term
Cyclobenzaprine
(Flexeril)
M/S- relaxant |
|
Definition
*Relieve muscle spasms
*avoid alcohol, CNS depressants, OTC cold or allergy meds
*avoid activities requiring alertness initially |
|
|
Term
Dabigatram Etexilate
(Pradaxa)
Anti-coagulant |
|
Definition
*For prevention of stroke in patients with Afib
*Increased bleeding if combined with aspirin, anti-platelets or anti-coagulants
*Stop 24 hrs before surgery |
|
|
Term
Desogestrel/Ethinyl Estradiol
(Cyclessa, Desogen, Mircette, OrthoCept)
Drospirenone/Ethinyl Estradiol
(Yaz)
Ethinyl Estradiol/Ethynodiol
(Demulen)
Ethinyl Estradiol/Norethindrone
(Ortho-Novum 1/35)
(Ortho-Novum 7-7-7)
Ethinyl Estradiol/Norgestrel
(Ogestrel, Ovral)
Mestranol/Norethindrone
(Norinyl)
Norethindrone |
|
Definition
*Prevention of pregnancy, treatment of endometriosis, hypermenorrhea
*Avoid smoking
*Contact if unusual bleeding, severe headache, dyspnea, chest/leg pain
*St John's wort decreases effectiveness
*stop one week before surgery (blood clots) |
|
|
Term
Diazepam
(Valium)
Mental Health- Anti-anxiety |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, ataxia, hypotension, paradoxic anxiety, blurred vision
*Treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, seizures, pre-op med, muscle relaxant
*IM- inject deep, slowly into large muscle mass
IV- into large vein, push doses should not exceed 5 mg/min, resuscitation equipment available
*smoking decreases effectiveness
*avoid alcohol, CNS depressants
*withdrawal symptoms- vomiting sweating, muscle cramps, tremors, convulsions
*may be habit forming if used >4 months |
|
|
Term
Diclofenac
(Voltaren)
Musculoskeletal
(Nonsalicylate NSAID, Anti-rheumatic) |
|
Definition
s/e blood dyscrasias, nephrotoxicity, hypersensitivity, GI bleeding
*Arthritic conditions
PO- take with full glass of water & food, remain upright for 30 minutes
*use sunscreen
*may increase C/V thrombotic events
*cross-allergy with aspirin & other NSAIDs
*may increase risk of ^liver tests |
|
|
Term
Dicyclomine
(Bentyl)
GI- Anticholinergic |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, blurred vision, dyspnea, dry mouth, rash, urinary hesitancy, tachycardia, headache
*Treatment of IBS
*take 30 min before meals & at bedtime
*use caution with potentially hazardous activities
*report diarrhea- may be incomplete intestinal obstruction |
|
|
Term
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
Cardiovascular
(Digitalis Glycosides) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, hypotension, fatigue, GI, bradycardia, atrial tachycardia (kids), mental disturbances
*TX of CHF, afib/flutter, tachycardia
*Hold if pulse <60 (90-infant)-contact MD
*PO- with or without food, may crush tablets & mix with food/fluids
*don't open, chew or crush capsule
*contact MD of anorexia, lower stomach pain, diarrhea, weakness, drowsiness, headache, blurred or yellow vision, rash, depression
*eat sodium-restricted & potassium-rich diet
*avoid OTC & herbal meds (adverse interactions) |
|
|
Term
Diltiazem
(Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac)
Cardiovascular
(Calcium Channel Blocker) |
|
Definition
s/e hypotension, dizziness, edema, GI, rash, headache, drowsiness, angioedema, bradycardia
*Management of angina, H/T, vasospasm, Afib/flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
*reduces workload of L ventricle, coronary vasodilator
*monitor BP during dosage adjustments
PO- take on empty stomach, with full glass of water
*keep records of pulse rate
*avoid hazardous activities until stabilized
*Don't crush, chew or break
*may increase ALT, AST, LDH, CPK, and alkaline phosphatase |
|
|
Term
Dipyridamole
(Persantine)
Cardiovascular
(Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, syncope, weakness, dizziness, GI, postural hypotension
*Prevention of TIA, MI, with Warfarin in heart valves, with ASA in bypass grafts
*PO- peak 2-2.5 hrs, duration 6 hrs
PO- on empty stomach, 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals, with full glass of water
IV- don't give more than 60 mg over 4 min
*full response may take several months
*caution with hazardous activities until stabilized
*avoid changing positions rapidly
IV Aminophylline should be available to reverse effects of dipyridamole |
|
|
Term
Disulfiram
(Antabuse)
Treatment/replacement
(Alcohol deterrent) |
|
Definition
s/e In the absence of alcohol- drowsiness, headache, restlessness, fatigue
With alcohol- flushing, chest pain, arrythmias, hypotension, seizures, throbbing in head & neck
*Used for treatment of alcoholism by causing severe hypersensitivity
*Never give without patient's consent
*avoid alcohol in any form (meds, lotions)
*avoid vinegar
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Divalproex Sodium
(Depakote)
Mental Health- Bipolar |
|
Definition
s/e sedation, mental status, teratogenecity, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, prolonged bleeding time, GI
*Management of seizures, bipolar (mania), migraine prophylaxis
*avoid abrupt withdrawal to prevent convulsions
*monitor blood levels, platelets, bleeding time and liver fx
*monitor for suicidal thoughts
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
s/e twitching, insomnia, arrhythmias, seizures, dark urine/sweat, mental changes
*Treatment of mild-moderate Alheimer's
*does not cure, but stabilizes or relieves symptoms
*take at regular intervals |
|
|
Term
Dorzolamide
(Trusopt, Cosopt)
Opthalmics- Antiglaucoma |
|
Definition
s/e ocular burning, blurred vision, photophobia, bitter taste
*Treatment of glaucoma & ocular hypertension
*Wash hands before & after, don't touch tip of dropper to eye or body
*Don't wear contacts during instillation
*Drug is a sulfonamide, so it can be absorbed systemically
*Stop if eye inflammation or reactions occur |
|
|
Term
Doxazosin Mesylate
(Cardura)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Alpha Blockers) |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, headache, fatigue, malaise, priapism (rare)
*treatment of hypertension, BPH
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*can have 1st dose syncope, maintain recumbent for 90 minutes
*full effects may require several weeks
*avoid high-sodium foods
*use caution in potentially hazardous activities until stabilized
*avoid alcohol, smoking
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Doxepin
Mental Health- Antidepressants, Tricyclic |
|
Definition
s/e sedation, blurred vision, postural hypotension, palpitations, anorexia, sex dys, GI
*Used in psychoneurotic patients with depression or anxiety
*increase fluids
*take at bedtime
*smokers require more
*avoid alcohol
*suicide risk 10-14 days after
*avoid hazardous activity
*may cause 'sleep' activities such as driving, eating, communicating
*may worsen depression |
|
|
Term
Doxycycline Hyclate
(Vibramycin)
Anti-infectives
(Tetracyclines) |
|
Definition
s/e photosensitivity, GI, renal hepatic, hematologic abnormalities, dental discoloration
*syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, periodontitis, acne, anthrax, malaria prophylaxis
*Peak 1.5-4 hrs
*If GI problems, administer with food (except Milk & other high calcium food)
*full glass of water
*don't take <1 hr before bedtime or reclining
*check tongue for monilial infection
*avoid prolonged exposure to sun or UV light
*avoid from 4 months prenatal to 8 years old
*anti-coagulant therapy may need to be adjusted |
|
|
Term
Duloxetine
(Cymbalta)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, other |
|
Definition
s/e urinary dys, dizziness, fatigue, muscle pain/cramps, increased sweating, sex dys, GI, uncontrollable shaking
*Treatment of depression, anxiety, diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia
*take at same time daily, full effects take 4 weeks
*stop gradually
*avoid alcohol
*avoid hazardous activity
*may increase suicidal thoughts
*avoid aspirin and NSAIDs
*monitor BP
*monitor BS, may cause hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
Eletriptan Hydrobromide
(Relpax)
Neuro |
|
Definition
s/e coronary artery vasospasm, Transient myocardial ischemia, MI, asthenia, somnolence ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, seizure, diaphoresis, hypertension
*Treatment of migraines, with or without aura
*Seek immediate help for chest pain or SOB
*Seek immediate help for confusion, fever, hallucinations, tachycardia, feeling faint, diaphoresis, muscle spasm or difficulty walking |
|
|
Term
Enlapril
(Vasotec)
Cardiovascular Meds
(ACE Inhibitors) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, dizziness, hypotension, tachycardia, tinnitus, hyperkalemia, angioedema, persistant cough
*tx of hypertension, CHF, L ventricular dysfunction
*contact of fever, rash, fast/irr heartbeat, chest pain, cough
*avoid changing positions rapidly first few days until body adjusts
*cardiovascular adverse reactions may re-occur
*don't use OTC (cough-cold-allergy) meds unless directed by MD
*avoid potassium supps or potassium salt subs |
|
|
Term
Enoxaparin
(Lovenox)
Anti-coagulant |
|
Definition
*For anti-coagulation during acute coronary syndromes, prophylaxis & treatment of venous thromboembolism
*Injection- SQ
*can give IV during cardiac procedures
*don't use in patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
*monitor closely for bleeding/bruising |
|
|
Term
Ergocalciferol
(Vitamin D2) |
|
Definition
s/e metallic taste
*Treatment of deficiency, rickets, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis
*Decrease use of antacids & laxatives containing magnesium
*Mineral oil interferes with absorption |
|
|
Term
Erythromycin
Anti-infectives
(Macrolides) |
|
Definition
s/e abdominal cramps, pain at injection site, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, anaphylaxis
*treatment of infections, including chlamydia & syphilis
*PO- give 1 hr ac/2 hr pc with full glass of water (avoid citrus)
PO- onset 1 hr, peak up to 4 hrs, duration 6-12 hrs
IV- onset rapid, peak end of infusion, duration 6-12 hrs
*take at equal intervals around the clock
*ok in patients with compromised renal fx
*monitor for signs of superinfections (oral ulcers, diarrhea, perineal itching) |
|
|
Term
Escitalopram Oxalate
(Lexapro)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, SSRI |
|
Definition
s/e insomnia, drowsiness, sex dysfunction, GI flulike symptoms, sweating, labile blood sugar, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, visual disturbances
*Treatment of major depression, anxiety
*Take at same time of day, full effect ~4 wks
*stop gradually
*potentiates digoxin, warfarin, diazepam
*caution hazardous activities
*avoid alcohol
*risk of suicidal thoughts
*monitor for SIADH
*avoid aspirin & NSAIDs due to bleeding
*may cause serotonin syndrome or NMS- monitor for change in mental status, hyperthermia, tachycardia, labile BP & incoordination |
|
|
Term
Esomeprazole
(Nexium)
GI- Anti-secretory |
|
Definition
s/e headache, GI
*short term treatment of erosive esophagitis
*used to treat GERD
*take at least 60 min before meals
*swallow capsules whole, don't chew
*may be taken in conjunction with antacids |
|
|
Term
Estradiols
(Estrace)
(Depogen, Estragyn, Delestrogen, Valergen)
(FemPatch, Alora, Climara, Estraderm)
(Premarin- estrogen conjugated) |
|
Definition
*Treatment of menopause sx, inoperable breast cancer, prostatic cancer, atrophic vaginitis, prevention of osteoporosis
*contact if breast lumps, vaginal bleeding, edema, jaundice, dyspnea, blurred vision, chest pain
*may increase risk of C/V events |
|
|
Term
Etodolac
Musculoskeletal
(Nonsalicylate NSAID, Anti-rheumatic) |
|
Definition
s/e nephrotoxicity, blood dyscrasias, hypertension
*Reduces pain of osteo & rheumatoid arthritis
*monitor for toxicity (blurred vision, ringing in ears)
*avoid concurrent use of ASA, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, alcohol
*may increase risk of C/V thrombotic event
*may increase risk of GI bleed or ulcer
*may cause false positive for urinary bilirubin & for ketones in urine |
|
|
Term
Exenatide
(Byetta, Bydureon)
Diabetic
(Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, Gastroparesis, injection site reaction, hypoglycemia, pancratitis, headache, dizziness, decreased appetite
*for Type 2 DM
*SubQ- give ER weekly without regard to food, give immediate release Q2D 30 min before meal
*refrigerate before use
*don't use in pt with severe renal impairment or history of pancreatitis
*monitor blood glucose |
|
|
Term
Famotidine
(Pepsid)
GI- Anti-ulcer |
|
Definition
s/e headache, blood dyscrasias, hepatitis, dizziness
*Treatment of ulcers, GERD, heartburn
*PO- onset 30-60 min, peak 1-3 hrs, duration 6-12 hrs
*IV- onset immediate, peak 30-60 min, duration 8-15 hrs
*signs of dycrasias- bleeding, bruising, fatigue, malaise, poor healing, jaundice |
|
|
Term
Felodipine
Cardiovascular
(Calcium Channel Blocker) |
|
Definition
s/e dysrhythmia, headache, fatigue, edema, flushing
*treatment of H/T, angina
*don't adjust dosage at intervals of <2 wks
*don't open, chew or crush ER capsule
*don't use OTC products or alcohol unless directed by MD, limit caffeine
*may increase ALT |
|
|
Term
Fenofibrate
(TriCor, Fenoglide, Lipofen, Triglide)
Cardiovascular
(Anti-lipemic agents) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, headache, heartburn, pain in back-arms-legs
*used to lower total cholesterol, LDL & triglycerides & to increase HDL
*take Q1D- with or without food
*may stop if no improvement in 2 months
*use with low cholesterol & low saturated fat diet
*report unexplained muscle pain
*monitor prothrombin levels in warfarin therapy
*monitor liver fx |
|
|
Term
Fexofenadine
(Allegra)
Allergy & Asthma- Antihistamine |
|
Definition
*Management of rhinitis, allergy symptoms, chronic idiopathic urticaria
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*notify dr if taking erythromicin or ketoconazole (nizoral)
*if taking al-mag antacids, take a few hours before or after |
|
|
Term
Finasteride
(Proscar, Propecia)
Genito-urinary
(Testosterone Inhibitors) |
|
Definition
s/e decreased libido, decreased ejaculate, testicular pain, impotence, breast enlargement
*Treatment of BPH (Proscar)
*Treatment of male hair loss (Propecia)
*may be taken without regard to food
*Pregnant women should avoid contact with drug or patient's semen
*Full effect- Proscar (6-12 months) Propecia (3 months) |
|
|
Term
Fluconazole
(Diflucan)
Anti-infective (Anti-fungal) |
|
Definition
S/E nausea, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, taste distortion
*used to treat vaginal, esophageal or systemic candidiasis; cryptococcal meningitis
*prothrombin time is increased after warfarin usage
*take missed dose when noticed, but do not double
*reduces metabolism of tolbutamide, glyburied and glipzide
*glucose levels should be monitored |
|
|
Term
Flunisolide
(Aerobid, Nasalide)
Allergy & Asthma (Corticosteroids) |
|
Definition
| *used in chronic asthma, seasonal/perennial rhinitis |
|
|
Term
Fluoxetine
(Prozac)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, SSRI |
|
Definition
s/e palpitations, GI, weight loss, nervousness, urinary retention, excess sweating, fatigue
*Treatment of depression, OCD, bulimia
*used for anorexia, not suicidal or homicidal emotions
*take at same time each day
*full effects 4 weeks
*potentiates digoxin, warfarin, diazepam, NSAIDs, aspirin
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants during & for 1 week after
*avoid hazardous activities
*may increase suicidal thoughts |
|
|
Term
Flurbiprofen
(Ocufen)
Opthalmics, other |
|
Definition
s/e ocular irritation
*Inhibition of intraoperative miosis
*give every 30 minutes, starting 2 hrs before surgery, 4 drops/eye
*may cause increased bleed of ocular tissue with ocular surgery |
|
|
Term
Fluticasone
(Flonase)
Allergy & Asthma (Corticosteroids) |
|
Definition
| *used in chronic asthma, seasonal/perennial rhinitis |
|
|
Term
Fluticasone Propionate Salmeterol
(Advair Diskus) |
|
Definition
*Used when asthma isn't well controlled with long-term inhaled corticosteroids, COPD
*rinse mouth after (thrush)
*monitor for glaucoma and cataracts
*monitor for eosinophilic conditions, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Treatment of deficiency (esp in pregnant women), anemia, liver disease, alcoholism, intestinal obstruction
*Also contained in bran, yeast, dried beans, nuts, fruit, fresh vegetables, asparagus |
|
|
Term
Fosinopril
(Monopril)
Cardiovascular Meds
(ACE Inhibitors) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, dizziness, fatigue, GI, angioedema, hepatic failure, cough
*treatment of H/T, adjunct in treating CHF when not responding to usual meds
*take at same time each day, peaks 2-6 hrs
*initially- dizziness & lightheadedness
*avoid salt subs containing potassium
*change positions slowly
*contact of sore throat, swelling of hands /feet, chest pain, mouth sores, irregular heartbeat |
|
|
Term
Furosemide
(Lasix)
Cardiovascular
(Loop Diuretic) |
|
Definition
s/e hypotension, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, polyuria, rash, pruritus, muscle spasm
*Treatment of pulmonary edema, H/T
*PO- onset 60 min, peak 1-2 hrs, duration 6-8 hrs
*IV- onset 5 min, peak 30 min, duration 2 hrs
*PO- take with food or milk to prevent GI upset, may be crushed
*take early in the day
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*photosensitivity
*NSAIDs may decrease effects
*monitor BS in diabetics
*IV- don't give faster than 4 mg/min- may cause ototoxicity |
|
|
Term
Gabapentin
(Neurontin)
Anti-convulsant |
|
Definition
*management of seizures, manic episodes of bipolar
*avoid abrupt withdrawal to prevent convulsions
*monitor blood levels, platelets, bleeding times, liver fx
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Gemfibrzil
(Lopid)
Cardiovascular
(Anti-lipemic agents) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, fatigue, cholelithiasis
*used to lower cholesterol
*take 30 minutes before meals
*check CBC & liver fx
*may stop if no improvement in 3 months |
|
|
Term
Glimepiride
(Amaryl)
Diabetic
(Hypoglycemic agents, oral) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness dyspnea, fall in BP, shock
*management of stable Type 2 DM
*don't drink alcohol- may produce disulfiram reaction (nausea, headache, cramps, flushing, hypoglycemia)
*assess for cholestatic jaundice
*take at breakfast, onset 1-1.5 hr, peak 1-3 hrs, duration 10-24 hr
*have quick source of sugar available
*use sunscreen
*don't crush, chew or break ER tablet
*cross-allergy possible if allergic to sulfonamide
*monitor BS
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Glipizide
(Glucotrol)
Diabetic
(Hypoglycemic agents- oral) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness
*Management of adults with Type 2 DM
*don't drink alcohol (causes disulfiram reaction)
*assess for cholestatic jaundice
*take at breakfast, onset 1-1.5 hrs, peak 1-3 hrs, duration 10-24 hrs
*Immediate release- take 30 minutes before meals because absorption is delayed by food
*Have a quick source of sugar available
*use sunscreen
*may cause hemolytic anemia when used with sulfonylureas
*monitor BS
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Glucagon
Diabetic- reversal of hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
onset peak duration
IM 10 min 30 min 60-90 min
IV 10 5 60-90
SQ 10 30-45 60-90
Monitor BS until asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
Glyburide
(DiaBeta)
Diabetic
(Hypoglycemic agents- oral) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, weakness, dizziness, allergic skin reactions, GI
*management of adult Type 2 DM
*assess for sx of cholestatic jaundice
*take at breakfast- onset 2-4 hrs, peak 4 hrs, duration 24 hrs
*have a quick source of sugar available
*use sunscreen
*may cause hemolytic anemia
*monitor BS
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Guaifenesin
(Robitussin, Mucinex)
Respiratory- expectorants |
|
Definition
| *Helps loosen mucous and bronchial secretions to make coughs more productive |
|
|
Term
Haloperidol
(Haldol)
Mental Health- Anti-psychotics |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, hallucinations, tachycardia, tardive dyskinesias, hypotension, hypertension, confusion, dystonia, hyperpyrexia, schizophrenia
*treatment of schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome
*PO- dilute with water, not coffee or tea, take with food or full glass of water/milk
IM- inject slowly, deep into UOQ of buttock, lie down for 30 min
*stop gradually
*avoid alcohol and CNS depressants
*avoid hazardous activities
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*wear protective clothing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
s/e hemorrhage from any body site
*Used to maintain patency of IV catheters (flush 10-100 units)
*therapeutic PTT 1.5-2.5x
IV- peak 5 min, duration 2-6 hrs (give over 1 minute)
SQ- deep (NEVER IM- hematoma)- onset 20-60 minutes, duration 8-12 hrs
*Antidote- protamine sulfate within 30 minu
*avoid ASA & NSAIDs
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Hydralazine
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-hypertensive) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, palpitations, tachycardia, angina, edema, lupus syndrome, anorexia, tremors, dizziness, anxiety, flushing, rash, GI
*Used to treat H/T, heart valve replacement & treatment of CHF
*PO- give with meals for absorption
*observe mental status
*check for weight gain, edema
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*contact MD of chest pain, severe fatigue, fever, muscle or joint pain
*don't confuse with hydroxyzine |
|
|
Term
Hydrochlorothiazide
(Microzide)
Cardiovascular
(Thiazides/related diuretics) |
|
Definition
s/e hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, GI, blurred vision, fatigue, confusion (elderly)
*Used in treatment of edema and H/T
*onset 2 hr, peak 4 hrs, duration 6-12 hrs
*with or just after meals to decrease GI symptoms
*BS may increase in diabetics
*take in the morning
*use sunscreen
*monitor for hypokalemia- postural hypo-tension, malaise, fatigue, tachycardia, leg cramps, weakness |
|
|
Term
Hydrochlorothiazide/Lisinopril
(Prinzide, Zestoretic)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-hypertensive) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, dizziness, GI, hypotension, tachycardia, fatigue, cough, muscle cramps, angioedema
*used to treat H/T
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*may take without regard to food
*avoid high-sodium foods
*avoid high-potassium foods (bananas, citrus, raisins) |
|
|
Term
Hydrochlorothiazide/Triamterene
(Dyazide, Maxzide)
Cardiovascular
(Potassium sparing/Combo diuretics) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, anemia, renal stones, hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, muscle cramps
*Used in treatment of edema and H/T
*diuresis onset 2 hrs
*with meals or just after to decrease GI
*take early in the day to prevent nocturia
*DM may manifest during treatment
*may increase BUN and creatinine |
|
|
Term
Hydrocodone & Acetaminophen
(Vicodin, Lortab)
Hydrocodone
(Hycodan)- for non-productive cough
Analgesic- opioid
Respiratory- Anti-tussive |
|
Definition
s/e circulatory & respiratory depression, drowsiness
*Treatment of moderate-severe pain
*Physical dependency may result
*avoid CNS depressants & alcohol
*don't perform dangerous tasks |
|
|
Term
Hydrocortisone
Anti-Inflammatory
(Corticosteroids) |
|
Definition
s/e depression, flushing, sweating, nausea, diarrhea, hypertension, hyperglycemia, psychic derangements
*treatment of severe inflammation, septic shock, adrenal insufficiency, ulcerative colitis, collagen disorders
*will mask signs of infection, so check for elevated temp & WBC count
*PO- take with food, milk, antacids
*IM- give deep into gluteal UOQ, avoid deltoid, rotate sites, avoid SQ because it may damage tissue
*monitor BS in diabetes carefully
*wear medical info tag
*don't mix with other meds |
|
|
Term
Hydromorphone
(Dilaudid)
Analgesic- opioid |
|
Definition
*For moderate-severe pain
Onset Peak Duration
PO 15-30 min 30-60 min 4-6 hrs
IM 15 30-60 4-6
IV 10-15 15-30 2-3
SQ 15 30-90 4
*Don't give if respirations <12
*Avoid alcohol or CNS respirations
*Withdrawal sx- nausea, cramps, vomiting, fever, faintness, anorexia
*Physical dependence may occur
*lower doses for elderly |
|
|
Term
Hydroxychloroquine
(Plaquenil)
Anti-infectives
(Anti-malarial) |
|
Definition
S/E eye disturbances, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, rash, headache, loss of hair
*management of malaria, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis
*peak 1-2 hours
*take at same time each day
*give with meals to decrease GI distress
*for malaria, prophylaxis should be started 2 weeks before and continue for 4-6 weeks after |
|
|
Term
Hydroxyzine
(Vistaril)
Allergy & Asthma- antihistamines |
|
Definition
*Treatment of pruritus, pre-op anxiety, post-op nausea, to potentiate analgesics, sedation
*PO- onset 15-30 min, duration 4-6 hrs
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*dizziness/drowsiness may occur
*treatment of alcohol withdrawal
*notify Dr of diagnosis of glaucoma, ulcers, enlarged prostate, liver disease, H/T, seizures or hyperthyroidism
*observe for dyspnea, muscle weakness, increased anxiety |
|
|
Term
Hyoscyamine
(Anaspaz, Gastrosed)
GI- Anticholinergic |
|
Definition
s/e confusion, stimulation in the elderly, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, hesitancy, palpitations, blurred vision, rash, tachycardia, headache, drowsiness
*treatment of peptic ulcer, other GI disorders, other spastic disorders, urinary incontinence
*PO- onset 20-30 min, duration 4-6 hrs
*IM, IV, subQ- onset 2-3 min, duration 4-6 hrs
*avoid activities requiring alertness until stabilized
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*use sunglasses to prevent photophobia
*take 30-60 min before meals
*avoid antacids within 1 hr |
|
|
Term
Ibuprofen
Anti-Inflammatory
(NSAID) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, nausea, GI bleeding, hives, rash, facial swelling, blood dyscrasias
*osteo- rheumatoid arthritis, gout, dental pain, musculoskeletal disorders, fever, headache, menstrual cramps
*onset 30 minutes, peak 1-2 hrs
*full effect may take up to 1 month
*contact if blurred vision, ringing in ears (toxicity)
*contact of changes in urinary pattern, weight gain, edema, increased pain in joints, fever, blood in urine, may indicate kidney damage
*avoid use with ASA, NSAIDs, alcohol (GI bleeding)
*take with food or milk
*possible cross-allergy with aspirin |
|
|
Term
Imipramine
(Tofranil)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, Tricyclic |
|
Definition
s/e sedation, postural hypotension, palpitations, urinary retention, confusion
*Used in psychoneurotic patients with depression or anxiety
*drug dispensed in small amounts at beginning due to suicide potential
*full effect in 2-3 weeks
*avoid hazardous activity
*don't stop abruptly
*avoid alcohol or CNS depressants |
|
|
Term
Indapamide
Cardiovascular
(Thiazides/related diuretics) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, electrolyte changes, back pain, o-hypotension, gout, muscle cramps, cough, rhinitis, vision disturbances, pruritus
*Treatment of CHF & H/T
*onset 1-2 hrs, peak 2 hrs, duration 36 hr
*take with or just after meals for GI symptoms
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*take in the morning
*monitor for hypokalemia (postural hypo-tension, malaise, fatigue, tachycardia, leg cramps, weakness, dehydration
*monitor electrolytes
*may cause hyperglycemia in diabetics |
|
|
Term
Indomethacin
(Indocin)
Musculoskeletal
(Nonsalicylate NSAID, Anti-rheumatic) |
|
Definition
s/e peptic ulcer, bone marrow depression, blurred vision, tinnitus, hypertension
*Treatment of osteo/ rheumatoid arthritis acute painful shoulder, acute gout
*PO- take with food, remain upright 30 min
*caution with hazardous activities
*avoid alcohol, ASA, NSAIDs
*observe for bleeding
*increased risk for C/V thrombotic events
*monitor for weight gain |
|
|
Term
Insulin Aspart
(Novolog)
Diabetic
(Insulin) |
|
Definition
s/e hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, hypokalemia, allergic reactions, headache, weight gain, edema
*Management of DM in adults
*the Only insulin analog approved for use in external pums for continuous subQ insulin infusion
*onset 15 minutes, peak 1-3 hrs, duration 3-5 hrs
*may be administered IV in emergency situations under medical supervision with close BS monitoring
*immediately follow injection with meal within 5-10 minutes |
|
|
Term
Insulin Glargine
(Lantus)
Diabetic
(Insulin) |
|
Definition
s/e hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, pruritus, allergic reactions, rash
*Management of Type 1 DM or adults with Type 2 requiring long-acting insulin
*No pronounced peak, duration 24 hours
*Inject at same time each day
*not the drug of choice for DKA (use a short-acting insulin)
*higher incidence of site pain
*monitor BS
*DON'T administer IV or via insulin pump
*DON'T mix with any other insulin |
|
|
Term
Insulin- Isophane Suspension (NPH)
(Humulin N, Novolin N)
Diabetic
(Insulin) |
|
Definition
s/e hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, allergic reactions
*Management of DM
*comes in 100 units/ml vial, as well as in combination with regular insulin in a 50/50 or 75/25 proportion
*subQ- onset 1-1.5 hrs, peak 4-12 hrs, duration 18-24 hrs
*read administration instructions carefully
*DON'T give IV
*monitor BS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Type 1 DM and in combo with sulfonylureas in type 2
*Take within 15 minutes of eating and immediately after mixing when combined
*Ok with kids
*Rapid onset, peak 30-90, duration 6-8 hrs
May be used in external insulin pump
IV in emergency with close BS monitoring
**Don't mix with other insulins
**Available in combo with other insulins
(I don't understand these combo statements) |
|
|
Term
Insulin- Regular
(Humulin R) |
|
Definition
*Management of diabetic coma, diabetic acidosis or other emergency conditions, especially suitable for labile diabetes
*comes in 100 u/ml vial
**ONLY insulin that can be given IV in a non-emergency
ONSET PEAK DURATION
SQ 30-60 2-3 hrs 3-6 hrs
IV 10-30 10-30 min 30-60 min
*may be mixed with NPH only in the same syringe, draw Novolin R first
*don't use in insulin pumps
*don't rub site after SQ |
|
|
Term
Iprotropium Bromide
(Atrovent)
Respiratory
(Bronchodilator- Anti-cholinergic) |
|
Definition
s/e nervousness, tremors, palpitations, epistaxis, pharyngitis, URI
*Treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD, rhinorrhea, rhinitis
*NOT for acute bronchospasm needing rapid response
*Inhale, hold breath, exhale slowly
*don't mix with cromolyn
*10-12 glasses of water/day
*avoid OTC cough/hayfever meds
*caution with hazardous activities |
|
|
Term
Iron (Ferrous)
Carbonyl Iron
Ferrous Fumarate (Femiron, Feostat)
Ferrous Gluconate (Fergon)
Ferrous Sulfate (Feosol)
Iron Polysaccharide (Niferex)
Ferric Gluconate Complex (Ferrlecit)- IV for dialysis patients- only mix with 0.9% NaCl |
|
Definition
s/e black or discolored stools, nausea, constipation, epigastric pain
*Treatment of iron deficient anemia
*keep upright for 15-30 minutes to avoid esophageal corrosion
*don't take within 1 hr before or 2 hrs after antacids, eggs, whole-grains, milk, coffee, tea |
|
|
Term
Isoniazid
(INH)
Anti-infectives (Anti-tuberculars) |
|
Definition
s/e peripheral neuropathy, liver damage
*prevention & treatment of TB
*PO/IM- onset rapid, peak 1-2 hrs, duration up to 24 hrs
*contact MD of signs of hepatitis- yellow eyes/skin, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dark urine, unusual tiredness or weakness |
|
|
Term
Isosorbide Dinitrate(Isordil)
Isosorbide Mononitrate (Ismo)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-anginals) |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, postural hypotension, nausea, vascular headache, flushing, drowsiness
*treatment/prophylaxis of angina pectoris (& CHF for Isordil)
*PO- 1 hr before food or 2 hrs after meals for max absorption, but taking with food may reduce headache
*chewable tabs- chew well, hold in mouth for 2 minutes before swallowing
*SL- don't eat, drink, talk, smoke during use- go to ED if no pain relief in 15 min
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*avoid alcohol, smoking, strenuous exercise in hot environment
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Isotretinoin
(Claravis)
Dermatologicals
(Acne agents- oral) |
|
Definition
s/e chilitis, conjuctivitis, dry skin/mouth, thinning hair, cataracts, aggression, depression, abnormal menses
*Treatment of severe recalcitrant cystic acnes, psoriasis, rosacea, basal cell carcinoma
*females must have neg preg test each month
*monitor for depression
*don't take Vit A- increases toxic effects
*may increase HDL, RBC, WBC, FBS, ALT, AST, platelets
*avoid St John's Wort |
|
|
Term
Ketoconazole
(Nizoral)
Dermatologicals
(Antifungals, topical) |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, photophobia
*Treatment of fungal infections
*C and S before first dose
*take early a.m. with food
*also available topical or shampoo
*don't take within 2 hrs of alkaline substances, follow with glass of water
*take at same time each day
*wear sunglasses to prevent photophobia
*may require weeks/months of therapy
*avoid alcohol
*don't get shampoo in eyes |
|
|
Term
Lactulose Syrup
(Enulose)
GI- laxatives |
|
Definition
s/e GI
*Used for chronic constipation
PO- take with water or juice to counteract sweet taste
*caution in diabetics, monitor BS |
|
|
Term
Lamotrigine
(Lamictal)
Anti-convulsants |
|
Definition
s/e ataxia, mood changes, loss of coordination
*Management of seizures and abnormal mood disorders
*notify MD of ANY rashes
*caution with hazardous activities
*avoid abrupt withdrawal
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Lansoprazole
(Prevacid)
GI- Anti-ulcer |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, drowsiness, abd pain
*Treatment of GERD, ulcers and erosive esophagitis
*PO- take <30 min before meals, capsules may be opened & sprinkled on foods
*can use with antacids
*don't crush or chew capsules
*to give with NG tube- open capsule & mix with orange, apple or tomato juice, instill through tube & flush with additional juice to clear tube
*report severe diarrhea |
|
|
Term
Levobunolol
(AK-Beta, Betagan)
Opthalmics- Beta Blockers |
|
Definition
s/e hypotension, eye stinging, asthma attacks, bradycardia
*Treatment of glaucoma & ocular hypertension
*beta blocker, can be absorbed systemically
*Report SOB, chest pain or heart irregularity
*monitor for hypoglycemia
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Levofloxacin
(Levaquin)
Anti-infectives
(Fluoroquinolones) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, GI, dizziness, heartburn, vaginal itching/discharge, tendon rupture, pain etc at injection spot, seizures, confusion, rash, hallucinations, paranoia, angioedema
*endocarditis, tuberculosis, anthrax, pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus-UTI-kidney, prostate or skin infections
*infused over 60-90 minutes, Q24h
*photosensitivity
*avoid activities that require alertness or coordination
*monitor for hepatotoxicity
*may increase suicidal thoughts
*monitor BS, may cause hypo or hyperglycemia
*notify MD immediately for change in heartbeat |
|
|
Term
Levonorgestrel
(Mirena)
Women's contraceptives |
|
Definition
*Prevention of pregnancy for 5 years as an implant, emergency contraceptive in oral form
*implant onset 1 month
*PO- emergency if given within 72 hrs and repeated in 12 hrs
*monitor for PID
*monitor glucose levels in diabetics
*St John's wort decreases effectiveness |
|
|
Term
Lidocaine
(Xylocaine)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-arrhythmics) |
|
Definition
s/e hypotension, tremors, color disturbances/double/blurred vision, tinnitus, resp depression/arrest, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, twitching, convulsions, bradycardia
*Used for PVCs
*give O2, have rescucitation equip available
*IV- use pump, pt on cardiac monitor
*check BUN & creatinine
*monitor lung for rales |
|
|
Term
Lisinopril
(Prinvil, Zestril)
Cardiovascular Meds
(ACE Inhibitors) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, dizziness, GI, hypotension, tachycardia, fatigue, SIADH, cough
*treatment of mild-moderate H/T, systolic CHF, acute MI
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*may take without regard to food
*avoid high-sodium foods
*avoid high-potassium foods |
|
|
Term
Lithium
Mental Health- Bipolar |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, impaired vision, fine hand tremors, reversible leukocytosis, signs of intoxication (vomiting, drowsiness, ataxia, diarrhea, muscular weakness)
*Controls manic episodes, mood stabilizer
*caution in hazardous activities
*check serum levels 2x/week during treatment, Q2-3 months on maintenance, draw blood in am prior to dose (treatment 0.5-1.5, maintenance 0.6-1.2)
*dose reduced during depressive stages of illness
*encourage 10-12 glasses water/day and 6-10 g/ sodium/day
*avoid caffeine, increased exercise, sauna |
|
|
Term
Loperamide
(Imodium)
GI- Anti-diarrheal |
|
Definition
s/e GI, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth
*Used for control of diarrhea, including in travelers
*take with full glass of water
*6-8 glasses/day
*use caution with potentially hazardous activities
*if abdominal distention in acute ulcerative colitis, stop med
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*follow clear liquid or bland diet until diarrhea subsides
*don't use if fever over 101 or if bloody diarrhea |
|
|
Term
Loratadine
(Claritin)
Allergy & Asthma- antihistamine |
|
Definition
*Management of seasonal rhinitis
*avoid alcohol and CNS depressants
*take on empty stomach, 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meal
*onset 1-3 hrs, peak 8-12, duration >24 |
|
|
Term
Lorazepam
(Ativan)
Mental Health- Anti-anxiety |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, drowsiness, disorientation, orthostatic hypotension, visual disturbances
*Treatment of anxiety, irritability in psychiatric or organic disorders, treatment of insomnia, pre-op med
*don't take >4 months
*avoid alcohol, CNS depressants
*don't stop abruptly |
|
|
Term
Lovastatin
(Mevacor)
Cardiovascular
(Anti-lipemic agents) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, heartburn, muscle cramps, dizziness, headache, tremor, blurred vision, rash, pruritus
*used to lower cholesterol & prevention of coronary events
*photosensitivity
*check liver fx every 1-2 months during the 1st 1.5 years
*onset 2 wks, peak 4-6 wks, duration 6 wks
*take with food for absorption
*contact MD of unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness, especially if with fever or malaise |
|
|
Term
Magaldrate
(Riopan)
GI- antacids |
|
Definition
*For symptomatic relief of GERD, indigestion & GI distress
*shake well & follow with small amount of water
*may decrease effect of antibiotics
*may decrease effect of phenothiazines, digoxin, quinidine & salicylates due to impaired absorption, so separate by 1-2 hr
*low in sodium, so ok for pt on sodium restriction
*contact if signs of GI bleeding |
|
|
Term
Meclizine
(Antivert, Bonine)
GI- Anti-emetic |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, dizziness
*management of vertigo, motion sickness
*duration 8-14 hrs
*take 1 hr before traveling
*avoid activities requiring alertness
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants |
|
|
Term
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
(Provera, DepoProvera)
Women's Health- Progestins |
|
Definition
*Management of abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial cancer, contraceptive
*IM- inject deep into large muscle mass, rotate sites, injection may be painful
*use with caution with history of depression
*report swelling in calves, sudden chest pain, SOB
*may increase risk of C/V events
*may increase risk of ovarian and breast cancer
*may impair glucose metabolism, monitor BS |
|
|
Term
Meperidine
(Demerol)
Analgesics- opioid |
|
Definition
*Moderate-severe pain, pre-op sedation, post-op & OB analgesia
onset peak duration
PO 10-15 min 30-60 min 2-4 hrs
IM 10-15 30-50 2-4
IV <5 5-7 min 2-4
SQ 10-15 30-50 2-4
*don't give if respirations <12
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*caution physical dependency
*don't co-infuse with barbiturates, aminophylline, heparin, morphine, methicillin, phenytoin, sodium bicarbonate, sulfadiazine, sulfasoxazole |
|
|
Term
Metaxalone
(Skelaxin)
M/S- relaxant |
|
Definition
*Used to relieve painful musculoskeletal injuries
*adjunct to rest & physical therapy
*avoid alcohol
*caution operating machinery
*caution if known liver impairment |
|
|
Term
Metformin
(Glucophage)
Diabetic
(Hypoglycemic agents- oral) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, weakness, dizziness, GI, drowsiness, agitation
*management of adult Type 2 DM
*off-label- PCOS in women
*PO- Q2D with meals
*can crush and mix for ease of swallowing
*be aware of lactic acidosis- hyperventilation, fatigue, malaise, chills, myalgia, sleepiness
*have a quick source of sugar available
*monitor BS
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Methadone
Analgesics- opioid |
|
Definition
s/e orthostatic hypotension, hypokalemia, pulmonary edema, arrhythmias
*Used for relief of pain, detox of addiction
*don't give if respirations <12
*avoid alcohol or CNS depressants
*can cause physical dependency |
|
|
Term
Methocarbamol
(Robaxin)
M/S- relaxant |
|
Definition
*Relieves muscle spasms/ tetanus management
*IM- deep into UOQ of buttock, rotate sites
*metallic taste may develop
*urine may turn green, brown or black
*avoid alcohol, CNS depressants, OTC cold or allergy meds
*avoid activities requiring alertness initially |
|
|
Term
Methotrexate
(Trexall)
Anti-Neoplastics |
|
Definition
s/e GI, alopecia, ulcerative stomatitis, dizziness
*cancer, mycosis fungoides, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis
*PO, IM, IV- onset 4-7 days, peak 7-14 days, duration 21 days
*avoid crowds & people with known infections
*don't take with ASA or other NSAIDs, which may cause GI bleeding
*monitor for pulmonary toxicity, which may manifest early as a dry cough |
|
|
Term
Methylphenidate
(Concerta, Ritalin)
Mental Health- ADD Agents |
|
Definition
s/e Respiratory infections, hyperhidrosis, decreased appetite, visual disturbance
*Contraindicated in patients with anxiety, tension and glaucoma
*Monitor for adverse psychiatric symptoms |
|
|
Term
Methylprednisolone
(Medrol)
Anti-Inflammatory
(Corticosteroids) |
|
Definition
s/e peptic ulcer/possible perforation, hypertension & circulatory problems, poor wound healing, hyperglycemia, psychi derangements
*treatment of severe inflammation, shock, adrenal insufficiency, management of acute spinal cord injury, collagen disorders
*PO- take with food, milk, antacids
*PO- peak 1-2 hrs, duration 1.5 days
*IM- give deep into gluteal UOQ, avoid deltoid, rotate sites, avoid SQ (may damage tissue)
*IM- peak 4-8 days, duration 1-4 weeks
*diet high in protein, calcium, vit D, avoid sodium
*contact if anorexia, dyspnea, weakness, dizziness, symptoms may appear during stress or trauma
*contact if tarry stools, slow wound healing, blurred vision, bruising/bleeding weight gain, emotional changes
*wear medical info tag
*monitor patient weight, blood sugars |
|
|
Term
Metoclopramide
(Reglan)
GI- Anti-emetics |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, restlessness, lassitude, anxiety
*Prevention of nausea, vomiting induced by chemo, radiation, delayed gastric emptying, GERD
*used with tube feeding to decrease residual & risk of aspiration
*PO- 30-60 min before meals or procedures
*IV- inject slowly over 1-2 min, infuse over 15 min
*use caution with potentially hazardous activities
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*may cause tardive dyskinesia
*may cause depression |
|
|
Term
Metolazone
(Zaroxolyn)
Cardiovascular
(Thiazides/related diuretics) |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, fatigue, GI, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia
*Treatment of edema of CHF and H/T, edema of renal diseases
*onset 1 hr, peak 2 hrs, duration 12-24 hr
*take with or just after meals to reduce GI symptoms
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*take in the morning
*use sunscreen
*monitor for hypokalemia- postural hypo-tension, malaise, tachycardia, leg cramps, weakness
*may cause hyperglycemia in diabetics |
|
|
Term
Metoprolol Succinate
(Toprol XL)
Metoprolol Tartrate
(Lopressor- immediate release)
Cardiovascular
(Beta Blocker) |
|
Definition
s/e bradycardia, palpitations, GI, hypotension, CHF, depression, insomnia, dizziness, confusion
*treatment of H/T, MI (IV use), prophylaxis of angina, heart failure (Toprol)
*if pulse <50, hold & contact MD
*Toprol- may be taken with food
*Lopressor- take on empty stomach, before meals, bedtime
*Taper off over 2 wks, or may cause angina
*Don't use OTC nasal decongestants, cold preps, unless directed by MD
*may worsen hypoglycemia in diabetics
*report any dyspnea |
|
|
Term
Metronidazole
(Flagyl)
Anti-infectives (Anti-protozoals) |
|
Definition
S/E headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, metallic taste
*treatment of many infections including trichomoniasis & giardiasis
*IV- immediate onset, PO- peak 1-2 hours
*urine may turn dark reddish-brown
*avoid hazardous activities
*treatment of both partners is necessary in trichomoniasis
*No alcohol during and 48 hours after use |
|
|
Term
Minocycline
(Minocin)
Anti-infectives
(Tetracyclines) |
|
Definition
s/e photosensitivity, GI, renal, hepatic, hematologic abnormalities, dental discoloration
*chlamydia, periodontitis, acne, Rocky Mountain fever, resp tract infections, meningitis
*peak 2-3 hrs
*If GI symptoms, administer with food (Not Milk or high calcium food)
*full glass of water, not within 1 hr of bedtime
*check tongue or monilial infection
*avoid 4th month prenatal to 8 years old |
|
|
Term
Minoxidil
(topical- Rogaine)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-hypertensive) |
|
Definition
s/e edema, rash, increase in hair
*teach pt to take radial pulse
*check for weight gain, edema
*topical approved for hair growth
*don't use on children
*avoid contact with eyes, mucous membranes or sensitive skin areas |
|
|
Term
Mirtazapine
(Remeron)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, other |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, dizziness, somnolence, GI
*Treatment of depression
*don't use within 14 days of MAOI
*stop gradually
*check with MD before taking OTC cold remedies
*avoid alcohol or CNS depressant during and for 1 week after
*avoid hazardous activities
*may increase suicidal thoughts |
|
|
Term
Misoprostol
(Cytotec)
GI- Anti-ulcer |
|
Definition
s/e GI, miscarriage, headache
*prevention of ulcers during NSAID therapy
*take with meals & bedtime
*avoid taking magnesium antacids within 2 hrs
*notify if diarrhea > 1 week
*notify of black stools or severe abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
Mometasone
(Nasonex spray) |
|
Definition
| *Treatment of chronic asthma & rhinitis |
|
|
Term
Montelukast
(Singulair)
Respiratory- Anti-asthmas, other |
|
Definition
s/e URI, pharyingitis, otitis media, sinusitis, runny nose
*Prophylaxis & treatment of chronic asthma & rhinitis
*DO NOT use to treat acute symptoms (use a rapid-acting bronchodilator)
*Notify of wheezing, respiratory distress
*may increase neuro events (hallucination, aggression, anxiety, suicidal thinking and tremor) |
|
|
Term
Morphine
Analgesic- opioid |
|
Definition
s/e sedation, bradycardia, urticaria
*For severe pain
*Continuous dosing is more effective (PCA)
onset peak duration
PO 15-60 min 30-60 min 3-6 hrs
IM 10-15 30-50 2-4
IV <5 18 3-6
SQ 10-15 30-50 2-4
*Withdrawal- nausea, cramps, faintness
*can cause physical dependency
*monitor for respiratory & CNS depression with cimetidine, clomipramine, nortriptyline or amitriptyline |
|
|
Term
Nabumetone
Anti-Inflammatory
(NSAID) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, tinnitus, edema, headache, rash, gastritis
*osteo & rheumatoid arthritis
*take with food or milk
*contraindicated if hypersensitive to other NSAIDs
*alcohol may increase ulcerogenic effects
*may take 2 weeks to notice improvement |
|
|
Term
Naloxone
Narcotic Antagonist |
|
Definition
s/e Withdrawal symptoms in narcotic-dependent patients- restlessness, muscle spasma, tearing
*Used to reverse narcotic depression, including respiratory symptoms
*IM & subQ onset 2-5 minutes
*IV onset 1-2 minutes
*Have emergency equipment available
*Monitor for bleeding in surgical & obstetric patients
*May increase PTT |
|
|
Term
Niacin
Nicotinic Acid
Cardiovascular
(Anti-lipemic agents) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, postural hypotension, nausea, flushing, dry skin
*treatment of pellagra, hyperlipidemias, peripheral vascular disease
*take with meals to reduce GI upset
*can add 325 mg ASA 30 minutes before to reduce flushing
*flushing will occur several hours after med, will decrease over 2 weeks
*avoid changing position rapidly
*may be used with simvastatin/lovastatin
*monitor liver enzymes
*may ^ glucose level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Prophylaxis & treatment of pellagra, high cholesterol
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*NSAIDs may reduce flushing |
|
|
Term
Nifedipine
(Adalat, Procardia)
Cardiovascular
(Calcium Channel Blocker) |
|
Definition
s/e orthostatic hypotension, peripheral edema, leg cramps, chest pain, headache, dizziness, impotence, fatigue, nausea, rash
*Treatment of H/T, angina
*PO- take on empty stomach- onset 20 min, peak 1/2-6 hrs, duration 6-8 hrs
*PO- ER- don't open, chew, crush- but can take without regard to meals
*don't use OTC meds or alcohol unless directed by MD, limit caffeine
*monitor BP when used with Beta Blockers
*may cause CHF when used with B. Blockers
*stop grapefruit juice at least 3 days prior to starting
*don't take with St John's Wort |
|
|
Term
Nitrofurantoin
(Furadantin, Macrobid, Macrodantin)
Genito-urinary
(Urinary anti-infectives) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, dizziness, hypersensitivity
*Treatment of UTIs
*take with food or milk
*avoid alcohol
*Two daily doses if urine output is high or pt has diabetes
*urine may be rust-yellow to brown
*may cause false positive glucose in urine
*may increase AST/ALT |
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-anginals) |
|
Definition
s/e transient headache, postural hypotension, flushing
*treatment/prophylaxis of angina pectoris, IV used for control of BP during surgery & CHF associated with acute MI
*sustained-release take every 6-12 hrs on empty stomach, onset 20-45 min, duration 3-8 hours
*SL- dissolve under tongue, don't swallow saliva, onset 1-3 minutes, duration 30 min
*Spray- hold vertically, spray on tongue, close mouth immediately, don't inhale, onset 2 minutes, duration 30-60 minutes
*IV- use special non-PVC tubing, onset 1-2 minutes, duration 2-12 hours
*ointment- onset 30-60 minutes, duration 12-24 hrs
*transdermal- clean, hairless area, rotate sites, onset 30-60 minutes, duration 12-24 hrs
*go to ED if no pain relief in 15 minutes with 3 tabs
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Nortriptyline
(Pamelor)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, Tricyclic |
|
Definition
s/e sedation, blurred vision, postural hypotension, palpitations, GI, sex dys
*Treatment of major depression
*increase fluids
*take at bedtime
*smokers require more
*avoid with alcohol or CNS depressants
*suicide risk high after 10-14 days
*avoid hazardous activities
*avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding |
|
|
Term
Nystatin
Dermatologicals
(Antifungals, topical) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, hypersensitivity, irritation
*Treatment of Candida infections
*discontinue if redness, swelling or irritation occurs
*encourage good oral, vaginal, skin hygiene
*don't mix with food |
|
|
Term
Olanzapine
(Zyprexa)
Mental Health- Anti-psychotic |
|
Definition
s/e somnolence, agitation, hostility, dizziness, nervousness, increased appetite, fatigue, postural hypotension
*Useful in schizophrenia & bipolar (manic)
*dosage should be tightly managed
*caution operating equipment
*monitor weight
*may cause hyperglycemia, monitor bs |
|
|
Term
Omeprazole
(Prilosec)
GI- Anti-secretory |
|
Definition
s/e headache, GI
*treatment of duodenal ulcers
*treatment of GERD
*take 30 minutes before eating
*may be taken with antacids |
|
|
Term
Oseltamivir Phosphate
(Tamiflu)
Anti-infectives (Anti-viral) |
|
Definition
s/e nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, fatigue, cough
*prophylaxis for influenza, including bird flu
*used to treat uncomplicated acute flu symptoms in patients that are symptomatic for 2 days or less
*should not be used as a substitute for flu vac
*may be taken without regard to meals |
|
|
Term
Oxybutynin
(Ditropan)
Genito-urinary
(Anti-cholinergic) |
|
Definition
s/e anxiety, restlessness, dizziness, convulsions, palpitations, tachycardia, blurred vision, GI, Mydriasis
*Antispasmodic treatment of neurogenic bladder
*take on an empty stomach
*avoid alcohol, CNS depressants
*avoid activities requiring alertness until response is known
*decreased ability to perspire
*wear sunglasses |
|
|
Term
Oxycodone
(Oxycontin)
(Percodan- aspirin)
(Percocet- acetaminophen)
Analgesics- opioid |
|
Definition
*For moderate-severe pain
*don't give if respirations <12
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*can cause physical dependency |
|
|
Term
Pancrelipase
(Pancrease)
GI- pancreatic enzymes |
|
Definition
s/e GI, abnormal feces, fatigue
*Contains lipase, amylase & protease lost due to CF
*take with 8 oz of water & food, swallow right away, sit up when taking
*don't crush or break EC capsules
*don't use if sensitive to pork
*stools will be foul smelling and frothy |
|
|
Term
Paroxetine
(Paxil)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, SSRI |
|
Definition
s/e palpitations, hyponatremia, nervousness, GI
*Treatment of anxiety, depression, OCD, panic disorder PTSD
*take at same time each day, up to 4 weeks for effect
*don't chew or crush
*may increase suicidal thoughts
*may increase risk of bleeding
*avoid alcohol or CNS depressants during and for 1 week after
*avoid hazardous activities |
|
|
Term
Phenazopyridine
(Pyridium)
Genito-urinary
(Urinary analgesic) |
|
Definition
s/e GI, kidney & liver toxicity
*Treatment of UTI, often paired with urinary anti-infective
*don't crush- take with food or milk to decrease GI sx
*urine will be orange/red
*monitor for hepatotoxicity- dark urine, clay colored stools, jaundice, itching, abd pain, fever
*may interfere with urine glucose tests |
|
|
Term
Phenobarbital
(Luminal)
Anti-convulsants |
|
Definition
*For epilepsy, febrile seizures in kids, sedation, insomnia
*IV- slow rate, resuscitation equip should be available
*IM- inject deep into large muscle mass
*Nystagmus may indicate early toxicity |
|
|
Term
Phenytoin
(Dilantin)
Anti-convulsants |
|
Definition
s/e gingival hypertrophy, nystagmus
ataxia
*Management of seizures, migraines, Bells' palsy, trigeminal neuralgia
*may color urine & sweat pink/brown
*may increase BS
*IV administration may lead to cardiac arrest- have resuscitation equipment available
*never mix IV with any other drugs or dextrose
*avoid abrupt withdrawals
*don't use antacids or antidiarrheals with 2 hrs
*use caution with hazardous activities |
|
|
Term
Pioglitazone
(Actos)
Diabetic
(Hypglycemic agents- oral) |
|
Definition
s/e cold symptoms, headache, muscle pain, respiratory infection, tooth disorder
*Treatment of type 2 DM
*take at the same time each day, once daily, with or without food
*full effects require >2 weeks
*used in conjunction with diet & exercise
*may exacerbate HF, monitor for edema & lung sounds
*monitor liver enzymes
*regular eye exams for macular edema
*may increase risk of bone fractures |
|
|
Term
Piroxicam
(Feldene)
Musculoskeletal
(Nonsalicylate NSAID, Anti-rheumatic) |
|
Definition
s/e hypertension, hypersensitivity, GI
*For mild-moderate pain, osteo/rheumatoid arthritis
*Take at same time each day
*Monitor for toxicity (blurred vision, ringing in ears, jaundice)
*avoid concurrent use of ASA, OTC meds, alcohol
*increased risk of C/V thrombotic events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Prevention and treatment of hypokalemia
PO- onset 30 min, give while sitting up or standing
IV- immediate onset- don't infuse faster than 10 mg/hr in adults
*DO NOT give IM, subQ, IV push
*Dilute liquid prior to giving via NG
*Report hyperkalemia- lethargy, confusion, GI sx, fainting, decreased urinary output
*Report continued hypokalemia- fatigue, weakness, polyuria, polydipsia, cardia changes
*Avoid OTC antacids, salt substitutes, analgesics, vitamins unless directed by clinician |
|
|
Term
Pravastatin
(Prevachol)
Cardiovascular
(Anti-lipemic agents) |
|
Definition
s/e GI
*treatment of hypercholesterolemia, apo B, risk reduction of recurrent MI, atherosclerosis
*Liver fx semi-annually
*contact MD of unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness, especially with fever or weakness |
|
|
Term
Prazosin
(Minipress)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Alpha Blockers) |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, GI, drowsiness, headache, palpitations, syncope
*treatment of H/T
*onset of 2 hrs, peak 1-3 hrs, duration 6-12 hrs
*can have 1st dose syncope, take 1st dose at bedtime, don't drive for 24 hrs
*full effects may require 4-6 weeks
*food may delay absorption
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*check with MD before using OTC cold-cough-allergy meds |
|
|
Term
Prednisolone
Anti-Inflammatory
(Corticosteroids) |
|
Definition
s/e depression, hypertension, circulatory problems, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal distention
*treatment of severe inflammation, immunosuppression, neoplasms
*PO- take with food, milk, antacids
*PO- peak 1-2 hrs, duration 3-36 hrs
*IM- give deep into gluteal UOQ, avoid deltoid, rotate sites, avoid SQ (tissue damage)
*IM- peak 1 hour, duration 4 weeks
*diet high in protein, calcium, vit D
*avoid sodium
*contact if anorexia, dyspnea, weakness, dizziness, may appear during stress or trauma
*contact if tarry stools, slow wound healing, blurred vision, bruising/bleeding weight gain, emotional changes
*weight medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Prednisone
Anti-Inflammatory
(Corticosteroids) |
|
Definition
s/e peptic ulcer/possible perforation, depression, hypertension, GI, hyperglycemia, psychic derangements
*treatment of severe inflammation, immune suppression, neoplasms, MS, collagen disorders, dermatologic disorders, myastenia gravis
*take with food, milk, antacids
*PO- peak 1-2 hrs, duration 24-26 hrs
*diet high in protein, calcium, vit D
*avoid sodium
*contact if anorexia, dyspnea, weakness, dizziness, may appear if stress or trauma
*contact if tarry stools, slow wound healing, blurred vision, bruising/bleeding weight gain, emotional changes
*excessive consumption of licorice can increase risk of hypokalemia
*wear medical info tag
*monitor BS in diabetic patients |
|
|
Term
Pregabalin
(Lyrica)
Anti-convulsant |
|
Definition
*For fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, diabetic pain, shingles pain & partial onset seizures
*avoid abrupt withdrawal
*avoid alcohol
*use caution in hazardous activities
*may increase suicidal thoughts |
|
|
Term
Procainamide
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-arrhythmics) |
|
Definition
s/e hypotension, bradycardia, GI, fever, rash dizziness, neutropenia, anxiety
*management of life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias & maintain NSR following conversion of atrial arrythmia
*IV- use pump, monitor BP every 5-15 min, on cardiac monitor, keep pt recumbent
*IV- monitor CBC, blood levels, I & O, daily weight
*PO- best absorbed on empty stomach, but may take with food to decrease GI upset
*take at equal intervals around the clock
*teach pt to check radial pulse
*avoid caffeine
*may increase alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, lactic dehydrogenase, AST |
|
|
Term
Prochlorperazine
(Compro)
GI- Anti-emetics |
|
Definition
s/e orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, dry eyes/mouth, constipation, drowsiness, photosensitivity
*management of nausea, vomiting, psychotic disorders
*monitor for development of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (fever, resp distress, tachycardia, convulsions, sweating, hyper- or hypotension, pallor, tiredness, severe muscle stiffness, loss of bladder control)- notify MD immediately
*PO- take with food, don't crush/break SR capsules
*IM- inject slowly, deeply into gluteal UOQ, keep pt lying down for 30 min
*caution with hazardous activities
*wear sunscreen & protective clothing
*check CBC & liver fx with prolonged use |
|
|
Term
Promethazine
(Phenergan)
GI- Anti-emetic |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, urinary retention, hyperglycemia
*Management of motion sickness, rhinitis, allergy symptoms, sedation, nausea, pre & post-operative sedation
*PO- onset 20 min, duration 4-6 hrs
*Take 30-60 min before traveling
*avoid activities requiring alertness
*avoid alcohol, CNS depressants
*may cause severe chemical irritation & damage to tissue
*may lower seizure threshold
*may cause false results in pregnancy testing |
|
|
Term
Propranolol
(Inderal)
Cardiovascular
(Beta Blocker) |
|
Definition
s/e weakness, hypotension, bronchospasm, bradycardia, depression
*treatment of stable angina, H/T, MI prophylaxis, dysrhythmias, migraine, essential tremor, alcohol withdrawal, afib
*if pulse <50, hold and contact MD
*PO- take with full glass of water, same time each day
*don't open, chew, crush ER capsule
*taper off over 2 weeks, or may cause life threatening dyrhythmias
*don't use aluminum antacid- decreases absorption
*may cause cardiac failure
*may cause hypoglycemia in diabetics
*may mask hyperthyroidism |
|
|
Term
Quetiapine
(Seroquel)
Mental health- Anti-psychotics |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, hyperglycemia, hypertension, somnolence, dyspepsia, weight gain
*Treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*avoid hazardous activities
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*notify of fever, sore throat, bruising, bleeding, tics/spasms, trembling, shuffling gait
*avoid strenuous exercise in hot weather
*check before taking OTC meds
*monitor BS in diabetic patients
*may increase suicidal thoughts
*monitor BP |
|
|
Term
Quinidine
Cardiovascular Meds
(Anti-arrythmics) |
|
Definition
Anemia, hypotension, GI, headache, heart block, tinnitus, fever, fatigue, vision changes
*for Atrial/Ventricular arrhythmias & to test for malaria
*may increase digitalis toxicity
*monitor liver fx & I & O
*check apical pulse & BP
*monitor EKG & BP
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*avoid alcohol, caffeine, smoking
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Quinine
Anti-infectives (Anti-malarial) |
|
Definition
S/E Eye disturbances, Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting
*treatment of malaria, nocturnal leg cramps
*Peak 1-3 hours
*Take at the same time each day
*Avoid OTC cold meds & tonic water
*May increase digoxin levels |
|
|
Term
Rabeprazole
(AcipHex)
GI- Anti-ulcer |
|
Definition
s/e headache, dizziness, back pain, GI
*GERD & ulcers
*take on empty stomach before meals
*swallow whole, don't crush, chew or split tabs
*avoid alcohol, NSAIDs or ASA |
|
|
Term
Ramipril
(Altace)
Cardiovascular Meds
(ACE Inhibitors) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, hypotension, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, cough
*treatment of H/T, CHF after MI, reduce risk of death from CV
*OK to mix capsule to aid swallowing
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*contact MD of persistent cough, increased SOB, edema or unusual bleeding/bruising
*avoid salt subs containing potassium |
|
|
Term
Ranitidine
(Zantac)
GI- Anti-ulcer |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness (elderly), drowsiness, headache
*Used to inhibit gastric acid secretions, ulcers
*take with or immediately after meals
*don't take antacids within 1 hr before or after
*smoking interferes with healing & effectiveness
*avoid alcohold, ASA & caffeine (^acid)
*false positive for urine protein may occur |
|
|
Term
Repaglinide
(Prandin)
Diabetic
(Hypoglycemic agents- oral) |
|
Definition
s/e Hypoglycemia, respiratory infections, headache, GI, sinusitis, arthralgia, back pain
*Used to lower blood glucose levels in Type 2 DM
*used with diet and exercise
*some anti-fungals may inhibit metabolism
*take immediately before a meal
*dose should be skipped if meal is skipped
*don't use with NPH |
|
|
Term
Risperidone
(Risperdal)
Mental Health- Anti-psychotics |
|
Definition
s/e tardive dyskinesia, hypersensitivity, NMS
hyperglycemia, dysphagia, priapism
*treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar, autism
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*avoid hazardous activities
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*notify MD of fever, sore throat, trembling, bruising/bleeding, tics/spasms, shuffling gate
*avoid strenuous exercise in hot weather
*check before taking OTC meds
*monitor BS in diabetics |
|
|
Term
Rivaroxaban
(Xarelto)
Anti-coagulant |
|
Definition
*For stroke prevention
*For prevention & treatment of venous thromboembolism
*stop 24 hrs before surgery
*monitor for signs of bleeding and bruising |
|
|
Term
Rosuvastatin
(Crestor)
Cardiovascular
(Anti-lipemic agents) |
|
Definition
s/e myalgia, GI, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis
*used as adjunct therapy with diet to reduce LDL & increase HDL
*discontinue and notify MD if pregnant
*caution use in pt with history of large alcohol consumption
*Liver fx texts every 12 weeks
*ok for age 10-17
*Lower initial dose for Asian patients
*don't use with Niacin |
|
|
Term
Salmeterol
(Serevent)
Respiratory
(Bronchodilators- sympathomimetic) |
|
Definition
s/e myalgia, throat irritation, URI
*Long term control of asthma, prevention of exercise-induced asthma, prevention of bronchospasm in COPD
*NOT for acute symptoms, do not use as a rapid-acting bronchodilator
*Contact MD if difficulty breathing, if more inhalations are needed of rapid-acting bronchodilator, if using >4/day for more than 2 consecutive days or using >1 canister in 8 weeks
*avoid exposure to chickenpox and measles |
|
|
Term
Selegiline
(Eldepryl)
Neuro |
|
Definition
s/e dysrhythmias, insomnia
*Used in management of Parkinson with levadopa/carbidopa
*Do not use with tricyclics or opioids
*Do not use with meperidine
*Monitor for toxicity (twitching, eye spasms)
*Don't stop abruptly, parkinsonian crisis may occur
*avoid foods high in tyramine (cheese, pickled products, alcohol, caffeine)
*monitor for melanoma
*monitor for intense urges (sex, gambling) |
|
|
Term
Sertraline
(Zoloft)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, SSRI |
|
Definition
s/e tremor, dizziness, GI, male sex dysfunction
*Treatment of depression, OCD, panic disorder, PTSD, PMDD
*used for anorexia, not for suicidal or homicidal emotions
*take at same time each day, 4 weeks for full effect
*potentiates digoxin, warfarin, diazepam, aspirin & NSAIDs
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants during and for 1 week after
*avoid hazardous activities
*may increase suicidal thoughts |
|
|
Term
Sildenafil Citrate
(Viagra)
Genito-urinary
(ED agent) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, flushing, dizziness, upset stomach, UTI, abnormal vision, tinnitus, hearing loss
*Take ~1 hr prior
*don't use more than once a day
*better absorption on empty stomach
*don't use with nitrates (fatal fall in BP)
*notify if erection >4 hrs
*stop if hearing or visual disturbances occur |
|
|
Term
Simethicone
GI- Anti-emetic |
|
Definition
s/e belching, flatus
*Helps disperse gas pockets in GI system, doesn't decrease gas production
*take after meals, at bedtime
*shake well
*tablets must be chewed |
|
|
Term
Simvastatin
(Zocor)
Cardiovascular
(Anti-lipemic agents) |
|
Definition
s/e eye lens opacities, liver dysfunction, URI, headache, GI
*treatment of hyper-cholesterolemia, -triglyeridemia, -lipoproteinemias, CAD
*have eye exams before, 1 month after & annually
*liver fx text semi-annually
*take without regard to food
*contact MD of unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness, especially with fever or malaise
*Asian patients shouldn't take niacin concurrently |
|
|
Term
Sotalol
(Betapace)
Cardiovascular
(Beta Blocker and anti-arrythmic) |
|
Definition
s/e fatigue, impotence, bradycardia, dyspnea, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, hyperglycemia
*management of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
*if pulse <50, hold and contact MD
*change positions slowly
*avoid activities requiring alertness until response is known
*contact MD of slow pulse, dyspnea, wheezing, cold hands/feet, dizziness, rash confusion, depression, fever, sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising
*milk products decrease absorption |
|
|
Term
Spironolactone
(Aldactone)
Cardiovascular
(Potassium sparing/Combo diuretics) |
|
Definition
s/e Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, GI, bleeding, rash, pruritus, gynecomastia
*Used in treatment of edema and H/T
*onset 24-48 hrs, peak 48-72 hrs
*take in the morning
*with or just after meals to decrease GI
*avoid foods high in potassium
*weigh daily
*contact MD of cramps, lethargy, menstrual abnormalities, deepening voice, breast enlargement
*avoid potassium supps
*monitor electrolytes |
|
|
Term
Sucralfate
(Carafate)
GI- Anti-ulcer |
|
Definition
s/e constipation, hypersensitivity
*Short term tx (<8 wks) of duodenal ulcers
*PO- 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals & bedtime with a full glass of water
*don't chew tabs
*don't use antacids within 30 min
*8-10 glasses of fluid/day
*avoid smoking |
|
|
Term
Sulfasalazine
(Azulfidine)
GI- Anti-ulcer |
|
Definition
s/e GI, headache, rash, fever, oligospermia, hepatotoxicity
*treatment of inflammatory bowel disease & arthritis
*PO- take with food to decrease GI upset
*Fluids to decrease crystallization in kidneys
*may cause orange/yellow urine & skin
*wear sunscreen & protective clothing
*monitor liver enzymes |
|
|
Term
Tadalafil
(Cialis)
Vardenafil
(Levitra)
Genito-urinary
(ED agent) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, dyspepsia, back pain, tinnitus, hearing loss, myalgia, nasal congestion
*patients with severe hepatic impairment shouldn't take
*contraindicated if taking nitrates or alpha-adrenergic blockers
*notify if erection >4 hrs
*alcohol may increase orthostatic sx |
|
|
Term
Tamoxifen
Anti-Neoplastics |
|
Definition
s/e GI, hot flashes, rash, vaginal discharge, irregular menses, fluid retention, depression, mood disturbances
*management of advanced breast cancer
*Peak 4-7 hrs
*to decrease GI upset, take after antacid, evening meal, before bedtime or take anti-emetic 30-60 minutes ahead
*vaginal bleeding, pruritus, hot flashes reversible after stopping med
*contact of decreased visual acuity, which may be irreversible
*tumor flare (increase in size & bone pain) may occur, but will decrease rapidly, may take analgesics for pain |
|
|
Term
Tamsulosin
(Flomax)
Genitourinary
(Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonist) |
|
Definition
s/e sleepiness, difficulty falling or staying asleep, weakness, back pain, GI, UTI, cold symptoms, blurred vision, abnormal ejaculation, dizziness, headache, cough, chest pain, priapism
*Treatment of BPH
*take at the same time once daily, 30 min > meal
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*use caution in hazardous activities
*may have cross-allergy with sulfa drugs
*stop before cataract surgery (may cause IFIS) |
|
|
Term
Temazepam
(Restoril)
Mental Health- Hyponotics |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, lethargy, weakness, euphoria
*Used for short term (7-10 days) insomnia
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*"Sleep driving" may occur |
|
|
Term
Terazosin
(Hytrin)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Alpha Blockers) |
|
Definition
s/e dizziness, headache, drowsiness, nausea, weakness, syncope
*treatment of H/T, BPH
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*can have 1st dose syncope, take 1st dose at bedtime, don't drive for 4 hours |
|
|
Term
Terbutaline Sulfate
Respiratory
(Bronchodilators- sympathomimetic) |
|
Definition
s/e nervousness, chest pain, rapid pulse
*Management of asthma or COPD and bronchospasm
*Inhalation & subQ for short term control, PO as long term
*SQ- give in lateral deltoid
*Contact if unrelieved SOB |
|
|
Term
Theophylline
Respiratory- Anti-asthmas, other |
|
Definition
s/e restlessness, tachycardia
*Treatment of bronchial asthma, bronchospasm of COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
*take with full glass of water on empty stomach
*check all other meds for ephedrine before taking this
*avoid alcohol, caffeine, smoking
*avoid activities requiring alertness until response is known
*notify if toxicity (nausea, vomiting, anxiety, insomnia, convulsions)
*drink 8-10 glasses of fluid/day |
|
|
Term
Thryoid, Desiccated
(Armour Thyroid)
Levothyroxine
(Synthroid)
Hormones- Thyroid |
|
Definition
s/e weight loss, palpitations, tachycardia, heat intolerance
*Thyroid replacement, hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
Ticlopidine
Cardiovascular
(Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor) |
|
Definition
s/e bleeding, decrease in WBC, purpura, GI, thrombocytopenia, GI, dyspnea
*Prevention of stroke in high risk patient
*monitor blood in long-term therapy
*take with or just after meals to decrease GI symptoms
*monitor for cholestasis (jaundice, dark urine, light-colored stools)
*may increase cholesterol & triglyceride levels
*antacids may decrease effectiveness |
|
|
Term
Timolol
(Timoptic)
Opthalmic- Beta Blocker |
|
Definition
s/e hypotension, bradycardia
*Treatment of glaucoma & ocular hypertension
*don't touch to eye or body
*monitor for hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
Tiotropium
(Spiriva)
Respiratory- Anti-cholinergics |
|
Definition
s/e xerostomia, oral thrush, rhinitis, pharyngitis
*Maintenance of COPD
*take once daily
*teach to correctly use inhaler (don't swallow capsules)
*rinse mouth after inhalation
*DO NOT use as a rescue inhaler |
|
|
Term
Tolterodine
(Detrol)
Genito-urinary
(Anti-cholinergic) |
|
Definition
s/e somnolence, dizziness, blurred vision
*Treat patients with overactive bladder
*effective with frequency, urgency or incontinence
*avoid alcohol
*missed doses should be skipped, then return to normal schedule |
|
|
Term
Topiramate
(Topamax)
Anti-convulsants |
|
Definition
*For seizures, prophylaxis of migraines, cluster headaches & bulimia
*discontinue gradually to prevent seizures and status epilepticus
*caution with hazardous activities
*stop immediately if eye problems
*use sunscreen
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Traimcinolone
(Nasacort AQ spray) |
|
Definition
*For chronic asthma & rhinitis
*onset few days |
|
|
Term
Travoprost
(Travatan)
Opthalmics- Antiglaucoma |
|
Definition
s/e ocular hyperemia, decreased visual acuity, eye discomfort, foreign body sensation, eye pruritus
*Treatment of glaucoma & ocular hypertension
*wash hands before and after, don't touch tip of dropper to eye or body
*potential for increased brown pigmentation of iris, eyelid skin darkening, changes in eyelashes
*stop if eye inflammation
*keep contacts out for 15 minutes
*discard after 6 monts |
|
|
Term
Trazadone
Mental Health- Antidepressants, other |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, hypotension, hyponatremia, priapism, somnolence, blurred vision
*Treatment of major depression
*take with or immediately after to lessen GI upset
*stop gradually
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants during and for 1 week after
*avoid hazardous activities
*may increase suicidal thoughts
*take at same time daily |
|
|
Term
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
(Bactrim, Septra)
Anti-infectives
(Sulfonamides) |
|
Definition
s/e hypersensitivity reactions, blood dyscrasias, photosensitivity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis
*UTI, chancroid, otitis media, prostatitis, shigellosis, pneumonitis, bronchitis, traveler's diarrhea
*PO- full glass of water, food if GI upset
*PO- at equal intervals around the clock
*IV- slowly over 60-90 minutes, flush lines at end to remove residue
*monitor for hypersensitivity, stop med at first sign of skin rash
*never administer IM, rapid IV or by bolus
*8-10 glasses/fluid/day |
|
|
Term
Valacyclovir
(Valtrex)
Anti-infectives (Anti-virals) |
|
Definition
s/e nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, headache, rash, fatigue, dizziness
*for the treatment of genital herpes, herpes zoster (shingles), herpes labialis (cold sores)
*drink plenty of fluids
*avoid sex when lesions are visible
*use with caution in pregnancy & nursing mothers |
|
|
Term
Valsartan
(Diovan)
&
Valsartan Hydrochlorothiazide
(Diovan HCT)
Cardiovascular Meds
(Angiotensin Receptor Blocker) |
|
Definition
s/e headache, dizziness, fatigue, stomach-back-joint pain, GI, hypotension, viral infection, cough, flu symptoms, high creatinine, rash, vasculitis (HCT-nasopharyngitis, tinnitus, vertigo, male sex dysfunction)
*treatment of H/T, treatment of CHF in patients who can't take ACE
*take Q1D for H/T, Q2D for CHF
*avoid salt subs containing potassium
*monitor creatinine (may decrease kidney fx)
*may cause hyperglycemia
*NSAIDs may reduce diuretic effect (HCT)
*may have cross-allergy of sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
Vancomycin
Anti-infectives
(Glycopeptides) |
|
Definition
s/e liver damage, nephrotoxicity, tinnitus or hearing loss
*resistant staph infections, colitis, endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures
*PO- poor absorption
*IV- peak 5 minutes, duration 12-24 hours
*give at least 60 minutes (IV), don't infuse with other drugs
*give antihistamine if "red man syndrome", decreased BP, flushing of face and neck
*contact MD if signs of superinfection |
|
|
Term
Venlafaxine
(Effexor)
Mental Health- Antidepressants, other |
|
Definition
s/e abnormal dreams, nervousness, GI, sedation, mydriasis, sexual dysfunction, hypertension, serotonin syndrome
*Treatment of major depression or relapse, GAD
*take with food, swallow ER tabs whloe
*stop gradually
*avoid alcohol or CNS depressants during and for 1 week after
*avoid hazardous activities
*may increase suicidal thoughts
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*may increase risk of GI bleed |
|
|
Term
Verapamil
(Calan, Covera)
Cardiovascular
(Calcium Channel Blocker) |
|
Definition
s/e edema, GI, headache, drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, URI
*management of H/T and angina
*PO- take before meals, except ER- take with food
*don't open, chew or crush SR or ER
*keep records of pulse rate
*avoid hazardous activities until stablized
*don't used OTC meds or alcohol unless directed by MD, limit caffeine |
|
|
Term
Warfarin
(Coumadin)
Anti-coagulant |
|
Definition
*For management of pulmonary emboli, DVT, MI, atrial dysrhythmias, post cardiac valve replacement
*Therapeutic PT 1.5-2.5x, INR 2-3
*avoid foods high in Vitamin K (green, leafy vegs)
*don't take ANY drug or herb without MD approval
*avoid ASA & NSAIDs
*may interfere with some lab tests
*wear medical info tag |
|
|
Term
Zaleplon
(Sonata)
Mental Health- Hyponotics |
|
Definition
s/e myalgia, dizziness, asthenia, eye pain
*Used in short term insomnia treatment
*doesn't prolong sleep time or decrease awakenings
*elders benefit the most
*rapid onset, take immediately before bed
*avoid alcohol
*may be habit forming
*"Sleep driving" may occur |
|
|
Term
Zidovudine
(AZT, Retrovir)
Anti-infectives (Anti-virals) |
|
Definition
s/e fever, headache, malaise, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, insomnia, dyspepsia, anorexia, rash
*management of HIV infections and prevention of HIV following needlestick
*GI upset and insomnia resolve after 3-4 weeks
*PO- peak 30-90 minutes |
|
|
Term
Ziprasidone
(Geodon)
Mental Health- Anti-psychotics |
|
Definition
s/e tardive dyskinesia, somnolence, abnormal vision, GI, hyperglycemia, NMS
*Treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar
*avoid alcohol & CNS depressants
*avoid hazardous activities
*avoid changing positions rapidly
*notify of fever, sore throat, trembling, bruising/bleeding, tics/spasms, shuffling gait
*avoid strenuous exercise in hot weather
*check before taking OTC meds
*avoid breastfeeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
s/e weakness, neck stiffness, tingling, burning, numbness, hypertension, dyspepsia
*Treatment of migraine with or without aura
*Take as soon as symptoms occur
*Avoid foods high in tyramine (cheese, pickled products, alcohol, caffeine)
*May cause serotonin syndrome when used with antidepression medicatin |
|
|
Term
Zolpidem
(Ambien)
Mental Health- Hyponotics |
|
Definition
s/e drowsiness, flu-like symptoms, "drugged" feeling
*Short term treatment of insomnia
*Side effects increase with prolonged usage
*"Sleep driving" may occur
*May worsen depression, monitor for suicidal thoughts
*Adjust dosage down if concurrent with CNS depressants |
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