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- Measurable and observale, usually detected by someone other than the client |
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- data that comes from the client - is NOT measurable, such as feelings, thoughts, beliefs, ect. |
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- clubs and organizations - knowledge/autonomy - research |
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The image of nursing yesterday and today |
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- taking care of prisoners/war wounds/just do orders - ability to specialize and do research |
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- Diploma- 3 year hospital based. Strong clinical background.
- Associate Degree- need for nurses was great in 1950's; get them out before diploma programs. Education emphasis, 2 year community college
- Baccalaureate- BSN, 4 years, gen eds with nursing. Acquire theory, practice, and other disciplines. Use research, prep for grad work. |
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- keep taking credits/education classes to maintain profession. - 30 CEO's over a 2 year period to keep up with standards and learn new equipment. |
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- Training on the job- updates and certifications - within the facility you work in |
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Nursing Practice Standards |
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- nursing process (5 steps) - care plans - based on assessment skills, help to analyze data - determine how you should practice |
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- legislation determines what nurses can/cannot do - protect patients that are sick - board set up to determine/enforce rules - dictates level of education needed for each type of care - tells what certain nurses (types) can't do |
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- born in England - Vietnam war - pushed for more (continuing) education, resepct patients, receive respect - discussed difference between health and illness - difference between nursing and medications - pushed for occupational/recreational therapy - pushed that research was important |
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- want to better the probability of healthier living - serving as a role model in behaviors - keep healthy state - prevent illness - teaching |
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- avoid change in wellness through teaching, acting as a role model, point out risks, programs, seminars--> to discuss ways to reduce, stop, risks of illness |
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- Civil War - Red Cross in 1882 |
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- Superintendant of nurses - civil war - recruited - reformed treatment of "mentally ill" |
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- First trained nurse in US - Graduate of New England Hospital - Record keeping and writing orders |
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- First African American Nurse - also graduated from New England Hospital |
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- first professor or nursing in the world - Columbia University - Published few books on history of nursing |
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- First midwifery school in US |
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Maslows Heirarchy of Human Needs |
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1) Physiologic- food, water, shelter, oxygen, vitals, alerntess
2) Safety/Security- Handwashing, medication, teaching
3) Love/Belonging- family relationships, establish patient bond
4) Self-esteem- feeling good about self, self respect, acceptance
5) Self-Actualization- fullfillment, happy, best feeling, full potential |
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- Assessment
- Planning
- Intervention
- Evaluation |
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- the way people live - beliefs, values in a social structure that you live in |
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Mom, Dad, Grandparents, other family |
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- going to an area with a dominant group and accepting/adopting their ways. |
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- collection of ideas/heritage of a cultural group |
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- a physical characteristic |
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- spreading of things - mixture |
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- typically all are alike, group them together |
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Providing Health Care Depending on the Culture |
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- Need to know beliefs - commons diseases/ racial groups - language/ communication - how do they value family |
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- physically/mentally well rounded person |
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- response of person to disease - disease --> illness |
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Acute- Quickly, rapid onset, short term (itis= acute)
Chronic- long-term, irreversible, permanant changes, eduaction |
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What effects Health/Illness? |
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- Physical - Emotional - Intellectual - Environment - Sociocultural - Spiritual |
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1) Primary- prevent illness, promote health. (ex. seat belts, immunizations)
2) Secondary- detect disease and do quick intervention to prevent (ex. medication, followups, BP screenings)
3) Tertiary- diagnose and treat as best as possible (ex. medications, surgery, therapy) |
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Health Models
--Dunn --Rosenstock --Pender |
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--Dunn- High Level Wellness - Wellness vs. good health - Nurisng should care for the total person
--Rosenstock- What people percieve - susceptible to disease - seriousness of disease - benefits of action
--Pender- Multidimensional - nature of people interacting with the environment to pursue health. |
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Dr. Nola Pender (Theorist) |
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- Health Promotion Model - study of how individuals make decisions about their own health care - behaviors for enhancing health and longer life - help provide direction for better health practices - continues to affect and influence HP related to research, education, and policy - Serves as a framework for research aimed at predicting overall health-promoting lifestyles |
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- Scientific View - all parts make whole human being - positive environment= promoting health |
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- Self care deficit theory - if any deficit, must fix to have unique - all people need to maintain health and well being |
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Margaret Newman (Theorist) |
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- Humanisitc Model - go beyond persons to space and time - expanding consciousness |
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