Term
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Definition
“Old” is a socially perceived subjective measure. There are lots of stereotypes about being old, few of which are true. - however, potter and perry states that “65 is considered to be the lower boundary for “old age” (p&p p.171) |
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| How does this impact nursing care? (previous question "what is old") |
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Definition
| The fact that there is a population that is “old” requires that a nurse be knowledgeable about the kinds of social, physical, emotional changes that an older adult may go through. These are going to be different than issues faced by younger adults and children. “39.6 million adults over age 65 in the US in 2009” |
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Term
| Why did you take the Life Span course as pre-requisite |
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Definition
| So that we could become aware of changes that occur to people as they age, and with that knowledge create treatment plans the patient, be able to relate to the patient, and be able to successfully educate the patient. |
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Term
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Definition
| the branch of medicine or social science dealing with the health and care of old people. |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of old age, the process of aging, and the particular problems of old people |
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Term
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Definition
| discrimination against people because of increasing age. |
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Term
| How do I define life expectancy? |
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Definition
How long you hope to live.
Or the length of time that DNA replication cycles will allow an organism to cell divide before "EOF" is reached. |
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Term
| How is life expectancy different than life span? |
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Definition
| how long you actually live? |
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Term
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Definition
| Most older adults live in noninstitutional settings (54.6%), 30.5% live alone, only 4.1% of all older adults live in institutions like nursing homes or centers. |
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Term
| Who pays for older adult insurance? |
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Definition
| In 2002, 20 percent of health care costs for persons 65 years and older were not covered by Medicare |
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Term
| What are the trends in the media about aging and healthcare? |
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Definition
| Lots of doom and gloom. Fear that the baby boomers are spending it too fast. Lots about the increasing cost of healthcare. |
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Term
| What are you seeing even in advertisements that indicate our society is aging? |
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Definition
| Many more drug advertisements to regain that "youthful vigor". Retirement housing (SHAG). |
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Term
| Identify common economic, social and environmental concerns of the older adult. |
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Definition
Economic - retirement, limited to savings and social security
Social - everyone is dying that they have known.
Environmental - don't care, i won't be around. |
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Term
| How do retired people afford housing? Food, transportation, medications? |
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Definition
| Food, Housing and Transportation via Social Security checks and savings. Some rely on their children. Medications through Medicaid and supplements if they can afford. |
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Term
| What special needs might an older adult have regarding access to buildings, parking lots, living spaces? Accommodations? |
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Definition
access to buildings - an older adult may benefit from accomodations which do not have stairs, and are well lit.
parking lots - well lit - hopefully close to the house and with wheelchair access
living spaces - should also be well lit, easy to navigate - very little clutter, elimination of slippery surfaces. |
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Term
| Is there a safe environment for older adults? Is it just about physical safety? |
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Definition
| Yes there is a reasonably safe environment for older adults - and NO it is not just about physical safety. Psychological safety is an important issue as well. It is easy for an older person to feel isolated, and to be psychologically abused... |
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Term
| Myths: Old people are no fun |
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Definition
| Older adults remain active well into ‘old age’ with many considering themselves as ‘middle age’ into the 7th decade. (70’s). |
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Term
| Myths: Old people are difficult to care for |
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Definition
| Many older adults consider their health as excellent or good (P. 171) |
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Term
| Myths: All old people are fraile,often senile |
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Definition
| Specialists have found centenarians to have good memory with broad social contacts and interests. |
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Term
| Myths: All old people are incontinent |
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Definition
| While many older adults may have a chronic condition which affects an ADL (Activities of Daily Living), incontinence specifically is rare. |
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Term
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Definition
| random cell damage over time which ages us - think radiation, chemicals and free radical damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| programmed aging, like apoptosis (programmed cell death) |
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Term
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Definition
| the withdrawal from customary roles & become more introspective and do more self-focused activities |
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Term
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Definition
| continue activities associated with ‘middle age’ necessary for successful aging |
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Term
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Definition
| personality remains stable & behavior become more predictable as we age. |
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Term
| Box 14-2 in Potter & Perry |
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Definition
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Term
| Havinghurst development stages |
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Definition
development based on developmental tasks - resolution of said tasks are essential for progression throughout life. - 3 sources for developmental tasks: - tasks that surface due to physical maturation - tasks that evolve from personal values - tasks that are a result of pressures from society |
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Term
| Erikson development stages |
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Definition
Psychosocial Development - development occurs throughout the lifetime and requires mastering psychosocial stages: - trust vs. mistrust - autonomy vs. shame and doubt, self-control and independence - initiative vs. guilt (highly imaginative) - industry vs. inferiority (engaged in tasks and activities) - Identity vs. role confusion (sexual maturity “who am I?”) |
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Term
| Piaget development stages |
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Definition
Cognitive/moral development - 4 periods related to age and demonstrate specific categories of knowing and understanding. Individuals move from one stage to the other seeking cognitive equilibrium. - sensorimotor period (progress from reflex activity to simple repetititve actions) - preoperational period (thinking using symbols - egocentric) - concrete operations period - logical thinking - formal operations period - abstract thinking |
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Term
| Kohlberg development stages |
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Definition
Development of moral reasoning - expands on Piaget. Moral reasoning develops in stages - he identified 6 stages of moral development under 3 levels
- Level I Preconventional Reasoning
- Punishment/obedience orientation - egocentric - illness is a punishment
- Premoral - instrumental orientation - more than one right view
- Level II Conventional Level
- Good boy/Nice girl orientation - wants to win approval by being nice
- Society- maintaining orientation - moral decisions account for societal perspectives.
Level III Postconventional level
- social contract orientation - follows societal law but recognized possiblity of changing law to improve society.
- universal ethical principle orientation - not follow laws if they don’t apply to everyone |
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Term
| Table 14-1 in Potter Perry, Physiologic changes |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the major psychosocial changes that occur in the older adult. |
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Definition
- The most significant psychosocial change, universal to all older adults revolves around the loss of relationships through death.
- Self purpose and social networks when retiring
- Physical loss of strength, coordination, balance, health. |
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Term
| What is remarkable about growing older? |
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Definition
| -The older a person becomes, the more changes occur and the more they need to adapt to new changes. |
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Term
| How do we deal with aging in the U.S.? |
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Definition
| -Generally the U.S. shuns the old, grey, wrinkled and handicapped. As a result these attitudes older adults commonly increasingly isolate themselves. They fear they will be perceived as grotesque and looked at as burden. This further depends the depression and anxieties already they are feeling with all the changes to their lives. |
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Term
| Why do we need to understand and anticipate psychosocial changes and responses for older adults? |
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Definition
| - Due to the heightened anxieties due to frequent life changes anxiety further weaken the individual immune system making them vulnerable to disease. Additionally, isolating themselves from a dwindling pool of family, friends and neighbors increases the chance of injury and sickness going undiscovered if living on their own. |
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Term
| Identify advantages of being older and strengths of the older adult |
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Definition
| Wisdom immediately jumps to mind. Entire lifetimes of knowledge that carries important information of what our society was and what it has become. Important cultural information on art, music, society and norms that may no longer be available once they are gone. Family information and stories, and perhaps a very deep understanding of ourselves can be discovered within them. |
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Term
| Discuss ethnicity and family structure as an influence in the role of the older adult. How do other countries or populations deal with an aging population? |
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Definition
I don’t know how to answer the first part of this question….
In asian countries institutional care is rare. Whether economic or social norms and traditions are the driving factor, older adults tend to live with their extended families. Care remains a family issue. |
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Term
| Learn about community agencies that assist the older adult in meeting needs. |
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Definition
| Agencies and resources availability is most determined by a person’s economic status and geographic location. Urban environments offer much more in the way of services for aging adults. Here in Seattle there are several transportation services that are low/no cost. Many neighborhoods have very active Senior Centers that feed and provide activities. Adult Day care services also are in many areas of the city. |
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Term
| Where are older adults living?What do we see in our community |
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Definition
| Here in the U.S. we are attempting to move away from the historically large impersonal institutions to more assisted and hybrid living systems. Their is a trend in this city to move aging adults into retirement living. These offer many of the amenities of living on the their own but with the benefit of having an in-resident staff. As a person ages they can add additional service. Even for those that ultimately can't afford luxury in their assisted living, many of the institutional style systems have been augmented with village and group-style housing. This allows those that can’t live on their own for medical reasons some semblance of independence. |
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Term
| Identify common concerns of the older person who is living in a long-term care facilities |
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Definition
-increased risk of depression
-change in parent/ adult child relationship
-not being heard |
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Term
| Understand the older person’s response to, and techniques for coping with living in a long-term care facility |
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Definition
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Term
Know rights and responsibilities of residents in long-term care facilities
According to RCW 70.129 |
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Definition
LTC Residents have the right…
- to communicate with anyone they want
-participate in and decide their plan of care
-to information
-to privacy and respect
-to hold resident and family meetings
-to use personal possessions
-to not be required to work
-to manage financial affairs
-to be free from abuse and restraints
-to receive notice of admission fees, deposits and minimum stay fees
-to refunds
-to notice of transfer or discharge |
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Term
| Recognize implication of a Bill of Rights on nursing care delivery |
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Definition
| This bill of rights forces us to take into account the fact that regardless of condition, LTC residents are people and must be treated as such. We must stay educated on resident rights because it is our job to advocate for them and because these rights are laws and by violating them, we put ourselves at risk of severe consequences including but not limited to, the loss of our license. |
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