Term
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Definition
Never Let Mothers Eat Babies;
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, and Basophils |
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Term
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Definition
Study of blood and blood forming tissues |
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Term
| Blood cell production is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are WBCs made and in what type of tissue |
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Definition
Flat and irregular bones; red bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
Transportation, Protection, and Regulation |
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Term
| Two major components of blood and % composition |
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Definition
Plasma is 55%
Blood cells (formed elements) are 45% |
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Term
| Components and Percent breakdown of Plasma |
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Definition
Water 91%
Protein 7%
Other solutes 2% |
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Term
| Name the protein types in Plasma and their % composition |
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Definition
Albumin 58%
Globulin 38%
Fibrinogen 4% |
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Term
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Definition
Plasma without clotting factors (fibrinogen) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two subcategories of Leukocytes |
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Definition
Granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
Agranulocytes (Mononuclear cells) |
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Term
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Definition
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name the normal range for neutrophils |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal range for Lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal range for Monocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal range for Eosinophils |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal Range for Basophils |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal range for Leukocytes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Phagocytosos in early stages of inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
Some phagocytosis
They engulf antigen/antibody complexes formed during allergic response
They defend against parasite infections |
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Term
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Definition
Limited phagocytosis
Release heparin, serotonin, and histamine
in response to allergic and inflammatory reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
Immune response for specific invaders
B-cells, T-cells, and Natural Killer cells? |
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Term
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Definition
potent phagocytic cells
become macrophages upon entering tissue/leaving vessels
cellular immune response (working with Lymphocytes) |
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Term
| What are Bands and Segs; what is shift to left/right |
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Definition
Bands are immature neutrophils (high # = shift to left)
Segs are mature neutrophils (high # = shift to right)
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Low counts on all blood cells |
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Term
thrombocytes and where do they come from |
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Definition
| platelets come from megakaryocytes |
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Term
| Primary function of the Lymph system |
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Definition
carries proteins, fat, and certain hormones
from GI tract back to the blood
Returns pale yellow lymph fluid from interstitial spaces back to the blood via lymphatic capillaries, ducts, and lymph nodes
This prevents edema |
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Term
What are lymph nodes and what is their primary function |
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Definition
They are aggregations of lymph tissue
(200 or so throughout body)
filtration of pathogens and foreign particles from lymph fluid
Produce Lymphocytes and Monocytes |
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Term
| where is the spleen and what does it do |
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Definition
LUQ
Four functions: Hematopoiesis (in fetal development)
Filtration (removes RBCs, recycles iron, catches bacteria)
Immunologic (Produces Lymphocytes and Monocytes)
Storage (stores RBCs and 30% of platelets) |
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Term
| Abnormal Lymph node palpation findings |
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Definition
Enlarged (Larger than 1 cm and/or continuous enlargement)
fixed position (not mobile)
Hard
Tender |
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Term
| Would you die if you had your spleen removed? |
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Definition
No; it is not a vital organ
You may, however, have some issues with bilirubin processing and with immune function since the spleen processes old RBCs and makes Lymphocytes and Monocytes |
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Term
| what is a differential WBC count |
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Definition
a differential count gives the percentage of each type of WBC in the total WBC count |
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Term
Can the WBC count be normal
while having an abnormal differential count? |
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Definition
YES, you may have low neutrophils
and high monocytes or Lymphocytes...
while the total WBC count is normal (4 - 11 thousand) |
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Term
| Significance of high and low WBC count |
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Definition
High:
Inflammatory and infectious process, leukemia
Low:
Aplastic anemia, side effect of chemotherapy and irradiation |
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Term
| Significance of high and low Segmented Neutrophils |
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Definition
High:
bacterial infections, collagen diseases, Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Low: Aplastic anemia, viral infections |
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Term
| Significance of high and low Band Neutrophils |
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Definition
High:
Acute infections
Low:
can't be lower than 0 |
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Term
| significance of high and low Lymphocytes |
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Definition
High:
Chronic infections, lymphocytic leukemia, mononucleosis, viral infections
Low:
Corticosteroid therapy, whole-body irradiation |
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Term
| Significance of high and low Monocytes |
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Definition
High:
Acute infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Malaria, Monocytic leukemia
Low:
Can't really be lower than 0.04 |
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Term
| Significance of high and low Eosinophils |
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Definition
High:
Allergic reactions, eosinophilic and chronic granulocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, parasitic disorders
Low:
Corticosteroid therapy |
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Term
| Significance of high and low Basophils |
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Definition
High:
Hypothyroidism, myeloproliferative diseases, ulcerative colitis
Low:
Hyperthyroidism, stress |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Does WBC count go up or down as we age?
Is there an increased response to infection with age? |
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Definition
WBC count does not change with age
But, there is a lowered response to infection |
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Term
| Where is the thymus and what does it do? |
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Definition
It is behind the upper part of the sternum above the haart
It functions in the immune system, especially early in life
As we age the thymus shrivels up |
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Term
| what happens to platelet counts, fibrinogen, and Partial Thromboplastin Time as we age? |
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Definition
Platelet counts do not change
Fibrinogen goes up
This doesn't increase Partial Thromboplastin Time though, that declines |
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Term
Are the elderly more likely to develop hemorages or blood clots? |
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Definition
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Term
What is a biopsy
name two types specific to this chapter |
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Definition
Biopsy is the surgical extraction of tissues for examination
often used to determine presence and/or type of cancer
Bone Marrow and Lymph Node biopsies |
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Term
| Prefered sites for bone marrow biopsy |
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Definition
posterior iliac crest
anterior iliac crest and sternum are alternate sites
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Term
| Two parts of bone marrow examination |
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Definition
Aspiration: the taking (aspiring) of a sample of bone marrow
Biopsy: examination of the removed marrow sample
Note: bone can also be removed and biopsied;
requires special cutting tool with T-handle |
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Term
| Nursing implications of bone marrow biopsy |
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Definition
painful for client;
explain proceedure and administer strong analgesics
Hemostasis:
apply pressure to site (possibly 30-60 minutes if bleeding)
patient lays on side of puncture |
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Term
| Two types of Lymph Node Biopsy |
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Definition
Open:
open surgery
Closed:
fine needle aspiration |
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Term
| Nursing implications for Lymph Node Biopsy |
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Definition
Not much really
possibility of insidious bleeding
apply direct pressure
monitor vitals
watch for infection |
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