-sequence of cellular & tissue events that take place from time of initial contact w/ an etiologic agent until expression of disease

-etiology; results in structural/functional abnormalities and clinical manifestations-development or evolution of a disease -

-the cause of disease (genetic, infective, immune, injuries, etc) for path chart.. -Risk factors -Precipitating factors -Arrange info into logical grouping

-objective, observable, measurable evidence of a disease/health alteration; Everything you can see

-Phys. exam, observations, lab data, diagnostic testing

-secondary disease or injury that develops during or follows a primary disease

-unexpected;new disease states caused by the disease or tx.

-frequency of disability (interference with a person's normal phys, mental, or emotional function)within a population

-effects an illness has on a person's life; incidence, persistence & long-term consequences of disease

-frequency of deaths within a population # of persons dying per year/number of persons in population

-provides info about trends in the health of a population

increase in cell size

incr. functioning tissue mass

physical injury- trauma, electricity, pressure, heat/cold, ionizing radiation,burns, radiation.

chemical injury- poisons, drug rxns, ETOH(alcohol)

microbiological injury- bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsia, etc

Vascular- obstruction, bleeding, altered flow

Immunologic- immune deficiency, allergy, autoimmune process Metabolic- abnormal metabolism or deficiency of lipids, carbs, protein, minerals, vitamins, fluids

1)Heart disease
2)Cancer

3)Stroke

4)Accidents

5)Obstructive lung disease

1. Respiratory illnesses

2. Injuries

3. Other infections

1. Arthritis

2. Hearing impairment

3. Hypertension

4. Heart disease

5. Visual impairment

6. Chronic bronchitis

7. Asthma

8. Diabetes

- virus

- blood & body fluid exposure, sexual contact, needle sharing, tattoos, etc.

etiology describes what sets the disease process in motion

pathogenesis is how the disease process evolves

-the expected outcome of a certain situation

-impairments following or caused by the disease

The extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure

The proportion of people with a disease that are positive (true positive)

The proportion of people without a disease that are negative (true negative)

-How disease is spread

-How to control disease

-How to prevent disease

-How to eliminate

Heart disease because

A1: Nothing.

A2: Different. ppl get stressed sitting down where as cave men would release that E thru running. --> So, now we have more pathophysiological conditions

-Any physical, emotional, social, or other factor that requires the body to respond or change

-Causes activation of neuroendocrine and immune systems -General adaptation response

-W.C. "Fight or flight" and homeostasis(physiological systems oppose change)

-H.S.-stress

-aka generalized stress response -coritcotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)production -Anti-diuretic hormone release -SNS activation (activates all stress response) -Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway activation (incr. high BP)

-a major "stress hormone" - help regulate stress response -diverts metabolism from building tissues to supplying energy for dealing with the stress -causes signs and symptoms of chronic stress Chain: Hypothalamus-->CRH-->anterior pituitary-->ACTH-->Adrenal cortex-->cortisol--> alters glucose, fat, and protein metabolism AND suppresses inflammatory and immune responses

heart- incr. HR, incr. heart strength--> incr. BP

blood vessels-vasoconstriction in skin, guts, kidneys -->incr. BP

Each other. biological stress to psychosocial psychosocial stress to biological biological ex: trauma, car accident, illness psychosocial ex. loss & lack of support

What influences BEHAVIOR during times of stress?

Neuroendocrine Control Systems

*Hardiness (genetically wired differently for rxns/adaptations: ex. someone could instantly cry from sad news, another could have no expression at all) *Health status (one could already be sick with a lot of other things or not) *Psychosocial factors *Experience and past learning *Time available for adaptation *Genetic Factors *Age *Nutrition *Physiologic reserves *Sleep

-Immunosupression: *infections *cancer- breakdown of immune system by kicking out good stuff that should really be kicking out bad stuff *Autoimmune diseases

1)Cardiovascular system --Hypertension, MI, Stroke (not enough perfusion to the brain) 2)GI and hepatobiliary systems --Inflammation, Ulceration, Diabetes 3)Immune system --Cancer, infections