Term
| What are the ranges of Hgb for male and female? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the ranges of Hct for male and female? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for Hgb and Hct? |
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Definition
| Explain the procedure and it's purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects amount of Hgb available for combination with oxygen. Venous blood is used. |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects ratio of blood cells to plasma. Increased hct (polycythemia) found in chronic hypoxemia. Venous blood is used. |
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Term
| When looking at H&H labs that may be high or low, what is important to consider about the patient? |
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Definition
| What is the patients trend (Are they usually high or are they usually low) |
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Term
| When you see that a patient is receiving ABG's what is the first question you should ask and why? |
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Definition
| Figure out why the person is receiving ABG's because they are uncommon to receive. |
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Term
| What is perfusion? and why is it important? |
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Definition
| The circulation of blood and oxygen and nutrients to an area. It is important because our tissue needs good perfusion to survive. |
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Term
| What is it called if a persons 02 is dropping? and when should something be done about it? |
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Definition
| If a persons 02 is dropping it is called desaturation and something needs to be done immediately. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities of a person receiving an ABG test? |
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Definition
| Indicate whether patient is using 02 (percentage, L/min), Avoid change in therapy or intervention (ex. suctioning, position change, etc.) for 20 min. before obtaining a sample, Assist with positioning, Collect blood into heparinized syringe. |
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Term
| What can a nurse do to help ensure accurate results in an ABG test? |
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Definition
| To ensure accurate results, expel all air bubbles, and place sample in ice, unless it will be analyzed in less than 1 minute. |
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Term
| When someone is receiving ABG's, what can the nurse do to prevent hematoma? |
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Definition
| Apply pressure to artery for 5 min. after specimen is obtained to prevent hematoma at the arterial puncture site. |
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Term
| How are ABG's obtained and what do they assess for? |
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Definition
| Arterial blood is obtained through puncture of radial or femoral artery or through arterial catheter. Performed to assess acid-base balance, ventilation status, need for oxygen therapy, or change in ventilator settings. |
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Term
| How is a oximetry test obtained and what does it monitor? |
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Definition
| An oximetry test monitors arterial or venous oxygen saturation. Probe attaches to the finger, toe, earlobe, and bride of nose for Sp02 or pulmonary artery catheter for Sv02. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for Oximetry Test? |
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Definition
| Apply probe. When interpreting Sp02 and Sv02 values, first assess patient status and presence of factors that can alter accuracy of pulse oximetry reading. For Sp02 these include motion, low perfusion, cold extremities, bright lights, acrylic nails, dark skin color, carbon monoxide, and anemia. For Sv02 these include change in 02 delivery or 02 consumption. |
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Term
| What is a culture and sensitivity test for and how is it performed? |
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Definition
| A single specimen is collected in a sterile container. The purpose is to diagnose bacterial infection, select antibiotic, and evaluate treatment. Takes 48-72 hr for results. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for Culture and Sensitivity? |
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Definition
| Instruct patient on how to produce a good specimen. If patient cannot produce specimen, bronchoscopy may be used. |
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Term
| What are Gram Stain Test? |
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Definition
| Gram Stain test are the staining of sputum, which permits classification og bacteria into gram-negative and gram-positive types. Results guide therapy until culture and sensitivity results are obtained. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for Gram Stain test? |
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Definition
| Instruct patient to expectorate sputum into container after coughing deeply. Obtain sputum, not saliva. Obtain specimen early in the morning after mouth care because secretions collect during night. If unsuccessful, try inceasing oral fluid intake unless fluids are restricted. Collect sputum in sterile container (sputum trap) during suctioning or by aspirating secretions from trachea. Send specimen to laboratory promptly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Assess for acid-fast bacilli (Tuberculosis). A series of 3 early morning specimens. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for AFB? |
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Definition
| Instruct the patient how to produce a good specimen. Cover specimen and send to laboratory for analysis. |
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Term
| What does a cytology test do? |
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Definition
| Determines presence of abnormal cells that may indicate malignant condition (cancer). Single sputum specimen is collected in special container with fixate solution. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for a cytology? |
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Definition
| Send specimen to laboratory promptly. Instruct patient on how to produce a good specimen. If patient cannot produce specimen, bronchoscopy may be used. |
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Term
| What is a Chest X-Ray (CXR) test used for? |
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Definition
| Used to screen, diagnose, and evaluate changes in respiratory system. Most common views are anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for Chest X-Ray (CXR)? |
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Definition
| Instruct patient to undress to waist, put on gown, and remove any metal between head and neck. |
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Term
| What is a Computed Tomography (CT) Test done for? |
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Definition
| Performed for diagnosis of lesions difficult to assess (ex. mediastinum, hilum, pleura) by conventional x-ray studies. Common types are helical or spiral CT (contrast media is usually used) and high resolution CT scan (contrast media is not used). Spiral CT used to diagnose a pulmonary embolism. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for Computed Tomography (CT) Test? |
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Definition
| Same as for Chest X-ray. Contrast media may be given IV. Evaluation of BUN and serum creatinine is done before contrast to assess renal function. Assess if patient is allergic to shellfish (iodine) as the contrast is iodine based. Be sure the patient is well hydrated before and after procedure (to excrete contrast). Know that contrast injection may cause a feeling of being warm and flushed. Instruct the patient that he or she will lie very still on a hard table and the scanner will revolve around the body with clicking noises. |
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Term
| What is the Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) Test done for? |
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Definition
| Used to assess ventilation and perfusion of lungs. IV radioisotope given to asses perfusion. For the ventilation portion, the patient inhales a radioactive gas (xenon or krypton), which outlines the alveoli. Normal scans show homogeneous radioactivity. Diminished or absent radioactivity suggest lack or perfusion or airflow. Ventilation without perfusion suggest a pulmonary embolus. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q)? |
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Definition
| Same as for Chest X-ray. No precautions needed afterward because the gas and isotope transmit radioactivity for only a brief interval. |
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Term
| What is the Bronchoscopy test for? |
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Definition
| A flexible fiberoptic scope is used for diagnosis, biopsy, specimen collection, or assessment of changes. It may also be done to suction mucous plugs, lavage the lungs, or remove foreign objects. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for a Bronchoscopy Test? |
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Definition
| Instruct patient to be on NPO status for 6-12 hours before the test. Obtain signed permit. Give sedative if ordered. After procedure, keep patient NPO until gag reflex returns and monitor for laryngeal edema, monitor for recovery from sedatives. Blood tinged mucous is not abnormal. If biopsy was done, monitor for hemorrhage and pneumothorax. |
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Term
| What is the Thoracentesis test? |
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Definition
| Used to obtain specimen of pleural fluid for diagnosis, to remove pleural fluid, or to instill medication. Chest X-ray is always obtained after procedure to check for pneumothorax. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for a Thoracentesis? |
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Definition
| Explain procedure to patient and obtain signed permit before procedure, which is usually performed in the patient's room. Position patient upright with elbows on an overboard table and feet supported. Instruct the patient not to talk or cough, and assist during procedure. Observe for signs of hypoxia and pneumothorax and verify breath sounds in all fields after procedure. Encourage deep breaths to expand lungs. Send labeled specimens to laboratory. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a Pulmonary Function Test? |
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Definition
| Used to evaluate lung function. Involves use of spirometer to assess air movement as patient performs prescribed respiratory maneuvers. |
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Term
| What are the Nursing Responsibilities for Pulmonary Function Test? |
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Definition
| Avoid scheduling immediately after mealtime. Avoid administration of inhaled bronchodilator 6 hr before procedure. Explain procedure to patient. Assess for respiratory distress before procedure and report. Provide rest after the procedure. |
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Term
| What is the Nursing Care for an Anterior Nose Bleed (Epistaxis)? |
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Definition
| Anterior: Position upright/lean forward, Reassure (calm), Lateral pressure/Ice, Loose packing, Teaching (Avoid blowing nose) |
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Term
| What is the Nursing Care for a Posterior Nose Bleed (Epistaxis)? |
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Definition
| Posterior: (Emergency/Hospitalization). Posterior packing, Assess respiratory status, Humidification, Oxygen, Bedrest, Pain control, Oral care, Teaching (Saline spray/humid. Avoid aspirin/NSAIDS, Avoid strenuous activities.) |
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