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| a term used to describe the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems |
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| this means that the individuals center of gravity is stable |
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| a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement, the greater the surface area of the object that is moved, the greater it is |
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| the force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary |
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| fractures caused by weakened bone tissue |
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| the connections between bones |
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| the strongest tendon in the body |
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| these connect joints and bones to cartilage |
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| permanent cartilage is not unossified (not hardened) except in advanced age and diseases such as ___ |
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Term
| isotonic contractions need ____tension and _____ tension |
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Definition
| eccentric and concentric tension |
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Term
| this type of contraction causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement of the muscle. Ex: instructing the patient to tighten and relax a muscle group, as in quadriceps set exercises or pelvic floor exercises) |
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| is inducing or compelling force with the use of humerus, ulna, radius, and elbow....Ex: reaching for something |
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| muscles of the lower extremities, trunk, neck and back are primarily used for _____ (the position of the body in relation to the surrounding space) |
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| the normal state of balanced muscle tension |
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Term
| loss of muscle tone, and joint stiffness |
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Term
| the persons ability to move freely |
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Term
| an intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeautic reasons |
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Definition
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| when patients are immobile, they end up excreting more nitrogen then the amount of proteins they ingest which causes decreased muscle mass, weight loss, and weakness |
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Definition
| negative nitrogen balance |
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Term
| being on bed rest leads to hypercalcemia, which leads to ___ because of weakened bone tissue |
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| inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions |
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| an increase in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure (15mmhg systolic) (10mmhg diastolic) due to being immobilized and laying in bed for too long |
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| the accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, etc...due to being immobile |
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| immobilization causes two skeletal changes....1. impaired ___ metabolism and 2. ___ abnormalities |
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Definition
| impaired calcium metabolism, joint abnormalities |
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| immobility can lead to joint _____, which is an abnormal and possibly permanent condition where the joint is atrophied and muscles are shortened |
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Term
| when the foot is permanently fixed in plantar flexion (cant move foot) btw this is a type of contracture |
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| hypercalcemia can lead to this disorder in immobilized patients,,,this is when calcium stones are lodged in the renal pelvis and usually come out via ureter |
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| an impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia (decreased blood supply) in tissues...it is characterized initially by inflammation then usually forms over a bony prominence |
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| the maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes of the body, sagittal, transverse, or frontal |
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| the term ___ describes a particular manner or style of walking |
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| when assessing metabolic functioning, use ____ measurements (height, weight, and skinfold thickness) to evaluate muscle atrophy |
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Definition
| anthropometric measurements |
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Term
| a dislodged venous thrombus, called an ___, can travel to circulatory system and cause tachycardia....90% of the time this starts in the deep veins of lower extremities |
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Definition
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Term
| to assess for ____, take patients elastic stockings or sequential compression devices (SCDs) off every 8 hours |
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Definition
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Term
| measure bilateral calf circumference and record it daily as an alternative assessment for ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| redness and tenderness of calves, along with homans sign, or calf pain on dorsiflexion of foot is a sign of |
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Term
| an effective method for preventing pneumonia and keeping the airway clear. it helps drain respiratory secretions in immobilized patients (percussion and positioning) |
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| _____ exercises are good for treating orthostatic hypotension |
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| this prevents external rotation of the hips when the patient is in a supine position |
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| a triangular device that hangs down from a bar attached to the bed frame so the patient can pull wit the upper extremities. it decreases shearing |
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Definition
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| if a caregiver needs to lift more then _____lbs of the patients weight, assistive devices should be used |
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Definition
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Term
| use a _____ device for a patient who weighs less than 200lbs, for one who is more than 200lbs use a _____ device and ___ caregivers |
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Definition
| friction-reduction device, friction-reduction device and 3 caregivers |
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Term
| these are activities that are necessary to be independent in society beyond eating, grooming, and toileting....such skills consist of preparing meals, banking, shopping, and taking medications |
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Definition
| instrumental activities of daily living |
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Term
1. one side paralysis
2. one side weakness |
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