Term
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Definition
| a nucleic acid composed of ribonucleotides that usually is single stranded and functions as structural components of ribosomes (rRNA), transporters of amino acids (tRNA), and translators of the message of the DNA code (mRNA) |
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Term
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Definition
a macromolecule composed of nucleotide monomers
generally used by cells to store/ transmit hereditary info
includes ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| a molecule consisting of a 5-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of several nitrogen-containing bases. DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides containing deoxyribose (deoxyribosenucleotides) and ribose (ribonucleotides), respectively. Equivalent to a nucleoside plus one phophate group. |
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Term
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Definition
| synonymous with carbohydrate, though usually used in an informal sense to refer to small carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccarides) |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of small nitrogen-containing, double-ringed bases (guanine, adenine) found in nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of small, nitrogen-containing, single-ringed bases (cytosine, urasil, thymine) found in nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical linkage between adjacent nucleotide residues in DNA and RNA. Forms when the phosphate group of one nucleotide condenses with the hydroxyl group on the sugar of another nucleotide. |
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Term
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Definition
| the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| describing the opposite orientation of the strands in a DNA double helix with one strand running in the 5' -> 3' direction and the other in the 3' -> 5' direction |
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Term
complementary base pairing
(Watson-Crick pairing) |
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Definition
| the association between specific nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids stabilized by hydrogen bonding. Adenine pairs only with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA), and guanine pairs only with cytosine |
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Term
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Definition
1. The strand of DNA that is transcribed by RNA polymerase to create RNA
2. An original strand of RNA used to make a complementary strand of RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| a newly synthesized strand of RNA or DNA that has a base sequence complementary to that of the template strand. |
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Term
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Definition
a secondary structure in RNA consisting of a stable loop formed by hydrogen bonding between purine and pyrimidine bases on the same strand.
Formed when a single strand folds back on itself to form a double helix "stem" and a single stranded "loop." |
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Term
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Definition
a small carbohydrate, such as glucose, that has the molecular formula (CH2O)n and can't be hydrolyzed to form any smaller carbohydrates
also called simple sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| a carbohydrate consisting of two monosaccharides (sugar residue) linked together |
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