Term
| What is the primary function of DNA in organisms? |
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Definition
| Store and transmit the genetic information that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them. |
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Term
| How many nucleotides does one DNA have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? |
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Definition
| Deoxyribose, phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the phosphate group in nucleotides consist of? |
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Definition
| A phosphorous atom surrounded by oxygen atoms. |
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Term
| What are the 4 nitrogen-containing bases in DNA nucleotides? |
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Definition
- Adenine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
- Thymine
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Term
| Which bases have 2 rings of nitrogen and carbon atoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bases have 1 ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a base that has 2 rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| a base that has 1 ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are nitrogen-containing bases connected to? |
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Definition
| the sugar-phosphate backbone |
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Term
| When do hydrogen bonds form? |
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Definition
| When 2 atoms share a hydrogen nucleus |
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Term
| What forms the hydrogen bonds between the bases of DNA? |
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Definition
| A hydrogen atom and either an oxygen or nitrogen atom |
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Term
| How many hydrogen bonds to cytosine and guanine form? Adenine and thymine? |
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Definition
Cytosine and guanine - 3
Adenine and thymine - 2 |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which DNA copies itself during interphase |
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Term
| What do the nucleotide chains do during replication? |
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Definition
| They separate by unwinding |
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Term
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Definition
| the point at which the 2 nucleotide chains separate |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that separates DNA strands before replication. |
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Term
| What do helicase enzymes do as they move along the DNA molecule? |
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Definition
| they break hydrogen bonds between the bases and the chains separate |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that binds to the separated DNA strands and assembles each strand's complement in replication |
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Term
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Definition
DNA- is found in the nucleus and mitochondria, contains deoxyribose, double stranded, has adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gunaine, and the types are prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
RNA- found throught the cell, contains ribose, single stranded, has adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine, and types are mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, hpRNA, etc. |
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Term
| What is RNA responsible for? |
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Definition
| The movement of genetic info from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytosol |
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Term
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Definition
| the 5-carbon sugar in RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| a nitrogen-containing pyrimidine base in RNA that replaces thymine |
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Term
| What is the function and shape of mRNA (messanger RNA)? |
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Definition
| It consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single chain. Carries genetic info from the DNA in the nucleus to they cytosol of a eukaryotic cell. |
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