Term
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Definition
| increase in the # of cells of a tissue, most often seen with periods of rapid body growth |
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Term
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Definition
| conversion of one type of mature cell into another type of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| bizarre cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size shape or arrangement from other cells of the same type of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| uncontrolled cell growth that follows no physiological demand |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that lack normal cellular characteristics and differ in shape and organization with respect to their cells of origin. Malignant |
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Term
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Definition
| uncontrolled growth with the ability to metasize and destroy tissue and cause death |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transport of tumor thru the lymphatic circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| disseminated thru the blood stream |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to induce the growth of new capillaries from the host tissue to meet their needs for nutrients and O2 |
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Term
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Definition
- a disease process that begins when an abnormal cell is transformed by the genetic mutation of cellular DNA
- common characteristics are :
- cell membrane
- special proteins
- nuclei
- chromosomal abnormalties
- mitosis/growth
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Term
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Definition
- cell - well differentiated
- growth - expansion/encapsulated
- rate - slow
- metastasis - no
- general - localized
- destruction - no
- cause death - no
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Term
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Definition
- cell - undifferentiated
- growth - periphery infiltrates
- rate - fast
- metastasis - yes
- general - generalized anemia
- destruction - yes
- cause death - yes
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Term
| Causitave agents of cancer ? |
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Definition
- viruses/bacteria
- physical factors - sun, radiation, smoking
- chemical - tobacco, asbestos
- genetic
- diet
- hormones
- role of the immune system
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Term
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Definition
- reducing cancer risk in healthy people
- maintain healthy weight
- physical lifestyle
- healthy diet
- avoid carcinogens
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Term
| Secondary prevention is ? |
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Definition
- involves detection and screening to achieve early diagnosis and intervention
- cancer screening
- breast exam
- testicular exam
- colonoscopy
- pap test
- public and patient education
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Term
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Definition
- C - change in bowel/bladder habits
- A - sore that does not heal
- U - unusual bleeding or discharge
- T - thickening or lump
- I - indigestion(dyspepsia) or dysphagia
- O- Obvious change in wart/mole
- N - nagging cough or hoarsness
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Term
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Definition
- cure - complete eradication of malignant disease
- control - prolonged survival and containment of cancer cell growth
- palliation - releif of symptoms associated with the disease
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Term
| Surgery options for cancer ? |
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Definition
- diagnostic
- biopsy - excisional, needle, incisional
- tumor removal- wide excision, local excision
- prophylactic surgery
- palliative surgery
- reconstructive surgery
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Term
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Definition
- involves removing non - vital tissues or organs that are likely to develop cancer
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Term
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Definition
- drainage tubes
- gastrostomy/jejunostomy tubes
- stent placements
- nerve blocks
- hormone manipulation
- venous access device placement
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Term
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Definition
- delivery of radiation to a small amount of tissue at a high dose in a short period of time
- radiation treatment plan is determined by the radio-sensitivity of the tumor cells
- most effective in damaging or killing cells during synthesis and mitosis phases of the cell cycle
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Term
| Types of radiation therapy |
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Definition
- curative - thyroid, head/neck, uterus
- control - reduction in size
- palliative - irradiating the brain to prevent leukemic cells
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Term
| Radiation reactions to tissue ? |
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Definition
- tissue types affected are skin, epithelial lining, bone marrow
- skin problems - dryness itching blistering peeling
- fatigue - persistent sense of tiredness or exhaustion
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Term
| site specific reactions are ? |
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Definition
- head/neck - dry mouth, dysphagia, mouth/gum sores, stiffness, lymphedema, tooth decay
- chest - dysphagia, sob, breast/nipple soreness, shoulder stiffness
- stomach/abdomen - N/V, diarrhea
- pelvis - diarrhea, rectal bleeding, incontinence, bladder irritation, sexual issues
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Term
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Definition
- placement of a source of radiation in a localized area
- sealed internal radiation
- unsealed internal radiation
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Term
| intraoperative radiation therapy is ? |
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Definition
- can be delivered be delivered directly to the tumor during sx, either as external beam radiation or as internal radiation
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Term
| systemic radiation therapy is ? |
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Definition
- whole body radiation uses radioactive materials that can be taken by mouth or injected into the body to target cancer cells
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Term
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Definition
- monoclonal antibodies are labeled with a radioisotope and injected IV into the pt, aggregated at the tumor site
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Term
| Principles of radiation therapy are ? |
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Definition
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Term
| principles of chemotherapy are ? |
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Definition
- gap 0 - resting phase
- gap 1 - post mitotic phase - reproduce
- gap 2 - pre mitotic phase - further protein synthesis
- mitosis - cell division occurs - shortest phase
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Term
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Definition
- allows the maximum number of cells to be exposed to the drug at a specific time in their life cycle
- antimetabolites, plant alkaloids
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Term
| Cell cycle non specific is ? |
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Definition
- effects all phases of the cell cycle
- given intermittenly
- alkylating agents
- antitumor antibodies
- hormonal therapies
- nitrosoureas
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Term
| Antineoplastic agents are ? |
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Definition
- alkylating agents
- nitrosureas
- antimetabolites
- antitumor antibiotics
- mitotic spindle poisons
- hormonal agents
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Term
| alkylating agents / nitrosureas are ? |
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Definition
- interfere with dna replication in a manner similar to radiation therapy
- preventing the cells from dividing
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Term
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Definition
- inhibit enzymes involved in nucleic acid synthesis
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Term
| antitumor antibiotics are ? |
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Definition
- inhibit protein and rna synthesis and bind to dna causing fragmentation
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Term
| Mitotic spindle poisons are ? |
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Definition
- plant extracts that arrest cell division at the m phase of the cell cycle
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Term
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Definition
- damage depends on the amount of drug absorbed by the tissue
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Term
| antidotes for vescant therapy drugs |
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Definition
- nitrogen mustard and cisplatin
- vinblastin and paclitaxel
- dactinomycin -
- doxorubicin
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Term
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Definition
- inflammation of the epithelium that lines the oral cavity is susceptible to the effects of chemo
- mild - erythemia, limited ulcerations, candida
- severe - ulcerations with bleeding and candida covering >25% of oral mucosa
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Term
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Definition
- inflammation of the mucosal lining of the gi tract
- diarrhea is common
- d/t antimetabolites / antitumor antibiotics
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Term
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Definition
- hair loss
- occurs 7-10 days after trmt started
- lasts for 2 months after trmt ended
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Term
| Biologic response modifiers are ? |
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Definition
- agents that modify the relationship between the host and the tumor by altering the biological response of the host to the tumor cells
- cytokines
- retinoids
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Term
| monoclonal antibodies therapy is? |
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Definition
- aka targeted therapy
- block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific molecules in growth/progression
- maybe more effective/less harmful/more expensive
- focus on proteins
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Term
| Side effects of monoclonal antibody therapy |
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Definition
- allergic/anaphylactic reactions
- skin rashes
- diarrhea
- cardiovascular - ↑BP
- lung inflammtion
- ↓blood cells
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Term
| Cytoprotective agents are ? |
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Definition
- erythropoietin/epogen - tx anemia
- filgrastim/neupogen - tx neutropenia
- oprelevekin/neumega - prvntion of thrombocytopenia
- amiofostine/ethyol - ↓renal toxicity, bm/gi mucosa, mod-severe radiation reactions
- leucovorin/wellcovorin - rescue after mexotheloate with 5fu for colon cancer
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Term
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Definition
- interferons/interleukins
- colony stimulating factors
- bone pain
- fatigue
- fever
- appetite loss
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Term
| Superior Vena Cava syndrome is ? |
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Definition
- compression or invasion of the superior vena cava by tumor enlarged lymph nodes that obstructs venous ciculation of the head neck arms thorax
- associated with lung CA, lymphoma, metastasis
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Term
| Spinal Cord Compression is ? |
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Definition
- potentially leading to permanent neurologic impairment
- associated with metastatic ca
- s/s pain numbness, tingaling
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Term
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Definition
- life threatening metabolic abnormality when calcium is released from the bones
- associated with parathyroid like substances that promote calcium release
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Term
| pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade is |
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Definition
- accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space
- ass/w adjacent tumors of the thorax, lung and ca tx
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Term
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Definition
- disseminated intravascular coagulation
- ass/w hematologic ca, prostate, chemo
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Term
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Definition
- syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
- continous uncontrolled release of ADH by tumor cells
- ass/w small cell tumors of the lung, antineoplastics
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