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NU 214 Test 3
Visual Health Deviations
38
Nursing
Pre-School
03/07/2014
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Term
Impaired Vision - refractive errors are ?
 Definition
  • can be corrected by lenses that focus light rays on the retina
Term
Emmetropia is ?
 Definition
normal vision
Term
myopia is ?
 Definition
nearsighted
Term
hyperopia is ?
 Definition
farsighted
Term
astigmatism is ?
 Definition
distortion due to irregularity of the cornea
Term
Low vision is ?
 Definition
  • visional impairment that requires devices and strategies in addition to corrective lenses
  • best corrrected visual acuity - bcva of 20/70 to 20/200
Term
Blindness is ?
 Definition
  • bcva of 20/400 to no light perception
  • legal blindness is BCVA that does not exceed 20/200 in better eye or widest field of vision is 20deg or less
Term
impaired vision often ?
 Definition
is accompanied by functional impairment
Term
Glaucoma is ?
 Definition
  • a group of ocular conditions in which damage to the optic nerve is related to increased intraocular pressure(IOP) caused by congestion of the aqueous humor
  • 2nd leading cause of blindness in adults in US
  • ↑ with age
Term
Risk factors for Glaucoma ?
 Definition
  • family hx
  • african american race
  • diabetes mellitus
  • cardiovascular disease
  • migraine syndrome
  • myopia
  • eye trauma
  • prolonged used of corticosteroids
Term
Clinical manifestations of Glaucoma ?
 Definition
  • insidious progression
  • blurring, halos
  • difficulty focusing/adjusting to light
  • peripheral vision loss
  • aching around eye
  • HA
Term
Cholinergic ?
 Definition
  • miotics
  • ↑ aqueous fluid outflow by constricting the ciliary muscle
  • pilocarpine
Term
pilocarpine is ?
 Definition
  • cholinergic (miotics)
  • aka isoptocarpine
  • periorbital pain
  • blurry vision
  • difficulty seeing in the dark
Term
adrenergic agonists are ?
 Definition
  • ↓ production of aqueous humor and ↑ outflow
  • dipivefrin
Term
dipivefrin is ?
 Definition
  • adrenergic agonists
  • aka propine, dipivefrin
  • eye redness/burning
  • palpitations
  • ↑ BP
  • tremor
  • HA
Term
Beta Blockers are ?
 Definition
  • ↓ aqueous humor production
  • timolol maleate
Term
timolol maleate is ?
 Definition
  • beta blockers
  • aka timoptic
  • bradycardia
  • exacerbation of pulmonary disease/HTN
Term
alpha-adrenergic agonists ?
 Definition
  • ↓ aqueous humor production
  • brimonidine(alphagan)
Term
brimonidine ?
 Definition
  • alpha-adrenergic agonists
  • aka alphagan
  • eye redness
  • dry mouth/nasal passages
Term
Prostaglandin analogs ?
 Definition
  • ↑ uveoscleral outflow
  • latanoprost
Term
latanoprost ?
 Definition
  • prostaglandin analogs
  • aka xalatan
  • darkening of the iris
  • lengthening of eye lashes
  • conjunctival redness
Term
Cataracts ?
 Definition
  • an opacity or cloudiness of the lens
  • ↑ incidence with aging
  • by age 80 half of all americans have cataracts
Term
Risk factors for cataracts ?
 Definition
  • aging
  • retinal detachment/surgery
  • corticosteroids
  • chemical eye burns
  • cigarette smoking
  • nutritional factors
  • physical factors
  • systemic diseases
Term
Clinical manifestations of cataracts ?
 Definition
  • blurry vision
  • glare sensitivity
  • reduced visual acuity
  • impaired vision issues
  • diplopia
  • color shifts - brunescent
  • ↓ acuity / opacity of the lens via ophthalmoscope
Term
Surgical management of cataracts ?
 Definition
  • does not interfere with adl no surg
  • surg performed by outpatient basis
  • surg takes <1hr
  • see table 1774
Term
Call HCP if ?
 Definition
  • vision changes
  • continuous flashing lights appear
  • redness
  • swelling
  • pain ↑ or pain not relieved by aspirin
  • drainage ↑
Term
Retinal detachment ?
 Definition
  • separation of the sensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)
  • s/s
    • sensation of a shade or curtain coming across the vision of one eye
    • bright flashing lights
    • sudden onset of floaters
Term
Surgical treatment ?
 Definition
  • scleral buckle
  • pars plana vitrectomy
  • pneumatic retinopexy
Term
Macular degeneration ?
 Definition
  • most common cause of vision loss of>60yr
  • types
    • dry or nonexudative type
    • wet type
Term
dry or nonexudative macular degeneration ?
 Definition
  • most common type
  • slow breakdown of the layers of the retina with the appearance of drusen
Term
Wet type macular degeneration ?
 Definition
  • may have abrupt onset
  • proliferation of abnormal blood vessels growing under the retina choroidal neovascularization (CNV)
Term
risk factors for Age related Macular dengeneration?
 Definition
  • ↑ age/arthritis
  • smoking hx
  • HTN
  • hyperopia
  • familial incidence
  • overweight
  • wet amd
  • use of thryoid hormones
Term
Dry AMD is ?
 Definition
  • gradual ↓ in central vision
  • missing letters in words, blank spots
  • geographic atrophy may appear
Term
Wet AMD is ?
 Definition
  • visual changes can occur rapidly
  • straight lines appear crooked/distorted
  • more rapid ↓ in central vision
Term
sympathetic ophthalmia is ?
 Definition
causing blindness in the uninjured eye with some injuries
Term
infectious and inflammatory disorders ?
 Definition
  • dry eye syndrome
  • conjunctivitis(pink eye)
  • uveitis - inflammation of iris, ciliary body / choroid
  • see 1787 infections
Term
Mydriatics are ?
 Definition
  • dilate
Term
cycloplegics are ?
 Definition
  • paralyze
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