Term
| Hematological system is ? |
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Definition
- bone marrow
- reticuloendothelial system
- blood
- hematopoiesis - rbc production
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Term
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Definition
- erythrocyte (RBC)
- lives only 120 days
- removed by liver, spleen and bone marrow
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Term
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Definition
- total amount in peripheral blood
- O2 carrying pigment of the RBC
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Term
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Definition
- mean corpuscular volume
- measure of the average size of a single RBC
- macrocytic or microcytic
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Term
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Definition
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
- measure of the average % of hemoglobin within a single RBC
- hypochromic
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Term
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Definition
- red cell size distribution
- essentially an indication of the degree of abnormal variation in the size of RBC
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Term
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Definition
- total blood volume made up by RBC
- m - 40-52%
- f - 36-48%
- Reticulocytes
- 0.5 - 1.5% of rbc
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Term
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Definition
- lower than normal hemoglobin and fewer than normal circulating erythrocytes are signs of an underlying disorder
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Term
| Hypoproliferative anemia is? |
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Definition
- defect in production of RBC
- d/t iron, vit b12, folate deficiency
- decreased erythropoietin production
- cancer
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Term
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Definition
- excess destruction of rbc
- d/t altered erythropoiesis
- hyperspenism
- drug induced or autoimmuned processes
- mechanical heart valves
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Term
| Iron deficiency anemia is ? |
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Definition
- hypoproliferative
- hypochromic
- microcytic
- ↓ reticulocytes, iron, ferritin, MCV, ↑ TIBC
- etiology - inadequate dietary intake
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Term
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Definition
- heme iron - animal sources
- nonheme iron - plants
- ferritin - the major iron storage protein
- iron contained in hemoglobin is recycled
- can store 1/4 to 1/3 of its iron
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Term
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Definition
- ferrous sulfate 300 mg 2-4 times/day
- vit c enhances absorption
- drugs decrease iron absorption
- antacids, histamine 2 blockers
- calcium, coffee, tea
- fiber
- phosphates
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Term
| Vitamin B12 deficiency is? |
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Definition
- hypoproliferative
- normochromic
- macrocytic
- ↓ V B12, ↑MCV
- causes:
- vegetarians, faulty absorption
- crohns disease
- gastrectomy, elderly
- foods high in b12 - organ meats, muscle meats, milk, cheese, eggs
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Term
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Definition
- hypoproliferative
- ↓ B12, intrinsic factor
- need injectable B12
- elderly, family hx
- the gastric mucosa which fails to secrete the intrinsic factor
- diet - soft diet d/t mouth problems
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Term
| Symptoms of B12 deficiencies ? |
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Definition
- confusion
- paresthesia in extremities
- balance issues
- loss of position
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Term
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Definition
- evaluates the body ability to absorb vit B12 via urinary excretion
- stage 1 is radioactive b12
- stage 2 is intrinsic factor given
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Term
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Definition
- hypoproliferative
- normochromic
- macrocytic
- ↓folate levels, ↑mcv
- do not eat enough uncooked vegetables
- alcoholics, pregnant women, hemolytic anemia
- food high in folic acid - green leafy vegetables, organ meats, whole grains, enriched cereals
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Term
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Definition
- hypoproliferative
- normochromic
- normocytic
- ↓in precursor cells in the bone marrow
- idiopathic
- substances associated with, anticonvulsants, cytotoxic agents, antithyroid meds, antimicrobials, organic arsenic, benzene, pesticides, hypoglycemic agents
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Term
| Signs of Aplastic anemia ? |
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Definition
- gradual onset
- weakness
- pallor
- dyspnea on exertion
- abnormal bleeding
- sepsis -wbc
- tx bone marrow transplant
- immunosuppressive therapy
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Term
| Anemias in renal disease ? |
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Definition
- ↓erythropoietin level
- normal MCV and MCH
- tx is epogen, procrit(recumbinant erythropoietin)
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Term
| Anemias in Chronic diseases ? |
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Definition
- normochromic, normocytic, microcytic
- normal or ↓ erythropoietin level
- ↓iron and TIBC
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Term
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Definition
- altered erythropoiesis
- fragmented rbc, ↑reticulocyte level
- hypersplenism
- Drug induced anemia
- autoimmune anemia
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Term
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Definition
- inherited hemolytic anemia
- problems result from low oxygen tension
- anemia, jaundice, bone marrow expands
- dysrhythmias
- keep hydrated
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Term
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Definition
- painful episodes due to tissue hypoxia and necrosis
- patterns of acute sickle cell crisis include:
- acute chest crisis
- abdominal crisis
- joint crisis
- frequency, severity and duration vary considerably, but most last 5-7 days.
- tx: hydration, analgesia
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Term
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Definition
- sickle cell crisis
- sudden chest pain
- low grade fever
- SOB
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Term
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Definition
- sickle cell crisis
- pain is constant and sudden
- may be localized
- N/V
- diarrhea
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Term
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Definition
- sickle cell crisis
- may develop with out traumatic hx
- single or multiple joints
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Term
| Management of Sickle Cell ? |
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Definition
- Fluids
- Pain meds
- delay in txmt may make it worse
- goto hospital
- uncontrolled pain
- uncontrolled fever
- continued fluid loss
- chest pain/SOB
- severe ab pain
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Term
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Definition
- inherited hemolytic anemia
- hereditary disorders with defective Hgb
- Two groups:
- Alpha-thalassemia
- beta-thalassemia
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Term
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Definition
- occur in people from asia and middle east
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Term
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Definition
- cooleys anemia
- occur mainly in people from mediterranean regions, middle east, asia
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Term
| Hereditary Spherocytosis is ? |
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Definition
- relatively common characterized by an abnormal permeability of the erythrocyte membrane.
- hemolysis may be mild
- tx: removal of spleen
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Term
| Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency ? |
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Definition
- enzyme within the RBC that is essential for membrane stability.
- AA, greek, italian origin
- hemolysis occurs when RBC are stressed
- certian drugs: vit k, antimalarial, sulfonamides, aspirin
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Term
| Acquired hemolytic anemia is ? |
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Definition
- autoimmune process - blood transfusion
- drug induced - methyldopa
- hypersplenism - destroy RBC
- mechanical heart valve - friction from valves
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Term
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Definition
- fatigue, weakness, malaise
- pallor and jaundice(hemolytic only)
- cardiac/respiratory symptoms
- tongue changes
- nail changes
- angular cheilosis
- pica
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Term
| Complications from anemia ? |
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Definition
- HF
- angina
- paresthesias
- confusion
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Term
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Definition
- a proliferative disorder
- the myeloid stem cells become hyperactive, especially the RBC's
- etiology: uknown
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Term
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Definition
- ruddy complexion
- splenomegaly
- ↑blood volume
- HA, dizziness, tinnitus
- fatigue, paresthesis
- blurred vision
- ↑blood viscosity
- angina, claudication
- dyspnea, thrombophelbitis
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