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NU 214 Test 1
HIV - AIDS
32
Nursing
Kindergarten
02/01/2014
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Term
HIV is
 Definition
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  • a retrovirus identified as the etiologic agent of aids
Term
AIDS is
 Definition
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Term
Pathophysiology of HIV is
 Definition
  • a retrovirus which has RNA as genetic material not DNA
  • HIV has viral core which contains the RNA
  • Viral envelope made of glycoproteins surrounded by a viral core
  • Virus targets cells with a specific surface protein CD4+
    • T lymphocytes
    • monocytes
    • dendritic cells
    • microglial cells(brain)
Term
Transmission of HIV/AIDS is
 Definition
  • Body fluids
  • injection of infected blood
  • sexual contact
  • infusion of blood or blood products
  • children born from HIV infected mothers
Term
Prevention of HIV/AIDS is
 Definition
  • abstinence
  • one sexual partner
  • latex condoms
  • avoid sex that cause tissue injury
  • inform partner if HIV seropositive
  • do not share blood contaminated articles
  • if seropositive do not donate blood
  • follow standard precautions
Term
Postexposure to HIV/AIDS is
 Definition
  • decon area
  • notify supervisor
  • requires informed consent from patient
  • usually seen er
  • start meds asap
  • meds taken for 4 weeks
  • repeat testing 1, 3, 6 and 12 months
  • use protection for sex until testing is complete
Term
Six areas for staging HIV/AIDS is
 Definition
  1. clinical hx
  2. physical examination
  3. lab evidence
  4. S/S
  5. existing infections
  6. malignancies
Term
Stages of HIV disease is?
 Definition
  1. Primary infection
  2. HIV Asymptomatic
  3. HIV symptomatic
  4. Aids
Term
Primary infection is ?
 Definition
  • period from infection to development of antibodies
    • s/s - none to flu-like
    • window period occurs-test negative for HIV antibody
Term
HIV Asymptomatic is ?
 Definition
  • Category A1, A2
  • test postive
  • no symptoms
Term
HIV symptomatic is ?
 Definition
  • Category B1, B2
  • Test postive
  • signs and symptoms present
Term
AIDS stage is?
 Definition
  • Category A3, B3 and C1, C2, C3
  • Full blown AIDS
Term
Categories of classification are ?
 Definition
  • CD4+ T lymphocyte counts-1, 2, or 3
    1. >500
    2. 200-499
    3. <200
Term
Diagnostic Tests for HIV/AIDS ?
 Definition
  • requires an informed consent and all results are confidential
  • EIA
  • Oraquick rapid HIV-1
  • OraSure
  • Western Blot
Term
EIA test is
 Definition
  • HIV antibody test
  • enzyme immunoassay (elisa)
  • identifies HIV antibodies
  • marks end of window period
Term
OraQuick Rapid HIV 1 test is ?
 Definition
  • done in ER's and labor/delivery rooms
  • HIV antibody test
Term
OraSure test is ?
 Definition
  • uses saliva
Term
Western Blot test is ?
 Definition
  • done to confirm EIA, Oraquick and OraSure tests results if positive
Term
HIV Viral Load is ?
 Definition
  • measures plasma HIV RNA levels
  • Low is good
  • measures how much virus is in the body
  • effectiveness of drug therapy is determined thru a viral load test
Term
Immune status for HIV/AIDS is
 Definition
  • CD4+T cell count - decreases with HIV infection
  • CD4+ /CD8+ ration
  • HIGH is good
Term
Symptoms of seroconversion / primary infection are ?
 Definition
  • acute mild infection
  • no symptoms
  • looks well
Term
Asymptomatic signs of HIV/AIDS are ?
 Definition
  • swollen lymph nodes
  • minor infections
  • fatigue
  • several months to 10 years
Term
Symptomatic signs of HIV/AIDS are ?
 Definition
  • Category B
  • fever, night sweats
  • diarrhea
  • candidiasis
  • cervical dysplasia
  • PID
  • shingles
  • several months to 10 years
Term
Signs of AIDS are ?
 Definition
  • kaposi's sarcoma
  • pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
  • neurologic disorders
  • anemia
  • wasting syndrome
  • several months to 10 years
Term
Medical management of HIV/AIDS ?
 Definition
  • attack at all levels
  • the goal is to arrest hiv replication and treat infections/malignancies
  • multiple toxic side effects occur
  • drug resistance is not uncommon
Term
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors are ?
 Definition
  • AZT - Zidovudine - zye doe vue deen
  • S/E GI
  • oral
Term
Non Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are ?
 Definition
  • Sustiva - Efavirenz - e fav i renz
  • S/E GI
  • oral
Term
Protease inhibitors are ?
 Definition
  • Kaletra - Lopinavir
  • S/E GI
  • oral
Term
Entry Inhibitors are ?
 Definition
  • Fuzeon - enfuvirtide - en foo veer tide
  • S/E injection site reactions, hypersensitivity reaction
  • SQ injections
Term
Integrase inhibitors are ?
 Definition
  • Raltegravir
  • S/E GI
  • Oral
Term
CCR5 antagonists are ?
 Definition
  • Maraviroc - ma ra vi rok
  • S/E GI
  • oral
Term
HAART is ?
 Definition
  • Highly active antiretroviral therapy
  • combination of therapy of at least 2 meds
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