Term
| ____ obtain energy and nutrients from other organisms and have intracellular digestion |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ are multicellular Eukaryotes with cells lacking a cell wall. They have tissues that develop from embryonic layers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Animals monophyly is supported by _____ & _____ _____ |
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Definition
| morphology and molecular data |
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Term
| Name the 3 unique junctions between animal cells. |
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Definition
gap junctions
desmosomes
tight junctions |
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Term
| animals extracellular matrix is made up of _____ and _____ |
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Definition
| collagen and proteoglycans |
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Term
| The first animals are estimated to have evolved _____ years ago. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first animal fossils are from _____ years ago and are called _____. |
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Definition
575 million years ago
Ediacaran Fauna |
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Term
| Animal ancestors were probably flagellated colonial _____, similar to Choanaflagellates. |
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Definition
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Term
| Animals diversified rapidly 550 MYA during the _____ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Animals are now classified by _____ _____ and _____ _____. |
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Definition
developmental patterns
body plans |
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Term
| In animals, development begins _______ after fertilization. |
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Definition
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Term
| A fertilized egg is called a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the life cylce of animals is spent in the _____ phase. |
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Definition
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Term
| Zygotes immediately undergo _____ after fertilization. |
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Definition
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Term
| The multicellular stage of a zygote, when cells are arranged in the form of a hollow ball is called the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The cup shaped multicellular stage of a zygote where tissue layers form is called the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The formation from blastula to gastrula in a zygote is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cleavage patterns vary depending on the _____ of the egg. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ cleavage occurs when there is a large body of yolk concentrated in one part of the egg. |
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Definition
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Term
| In an incomplete cleavage of the egg, when there is a large body of yolk concentrated in one part of the egg, the embryo develops _____ _____ of the yolk mass. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ cleavage occurs when the yolk is evenly distributed throughout the egg. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ cleavage occurs when a fertilized egg divides evenly with cells aligned one above the other. An ancestral state. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ cleavage is when the egg divides evenly with planes of cell division diagonal to the vertival axis of the embryo. |
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Definition
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Term
| Animals are also classified by the _____ _____ _____ _____ that will eventually differentiate into tissues. |
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Definition
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Term
| These animals have 2 cell layers. An outer ectoderm and an inner endoderm. |
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Definition
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Term
| These animals have 3 layers of cells. An ectoderm, endoderm, and a mesoderm between them. |
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Definition
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Term
| Triploblastic animals are divided into 2 major groups based on the overall pattern of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 major groups of triploblastic animals. |
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Definition
| Protostomes and Deuterostomes |
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Term
| A major group of triploblastic animals; the mouth develops blastopore, and the anus develops later. |
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Definition
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Term
| A major group of triploblastic animals; the anus develops from the blastopore, and the mouth forms later. |
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Definition
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Term
| In both protostomes and deuterostomes, the mouth or anus develops from the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The general structure of an animal and the arrangement of it's organ systems and functions is broken down into what 4 categories? |
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Definition
Body Symmetry
Structure of Body Cavity
Body Segmentation (if present)
External Appendages |
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Term
| _____ symmetry is a body shaped with many equal parts radiating outward. |
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Definition
Radial
ex. Cnidarians & Echinoderms |
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Term
| _____ symmetry is a body shape with a central longitudinal plane, divided into 2 equal, but opposite, halves. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is an evolutionary trend toward the concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs on the anterior end of the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ has a specific body cavity, the animal lacks an internal fluid filled body cavity. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ is an animal that has an internal fluid filled body cavity that is partially lined with mesoderm tissue. |
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Definition
Pseudocoelomate
ex. Roundworms |
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Term
| A _____ is an animal that has an internal fluid filled body cavity that is completely lined with mesoderm tissue. |
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Definition
Coelomate
ex. Earthworms & Mammals |
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Term
| Body cavities in animals can act as _____ _____ and can facilitate movement; they are controlled by longitudinal and circular muscles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Body _____ increases control over movement and facilitates specialization of different body regions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Appendages have many functions, name 4. |
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Definition
Locomotion
Feeding
Antennae
Reproduction |
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Term
| Animals must _____ energy to gain energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ organisms don't move, and stay in one place most of the time. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ organisms are animals that can move around. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sessile and Motile organisms have different _____ strategies. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ feeders are animals that capture small organisms delivered to them by the environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| Many _____ organisms are filter feeders. |
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Definition
Sessile
ex. Bryozoans and Polychaetes |
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Term
| Sessile animals still expend energy to gain energy by keeping the _____ moving. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ gain energy by eating plants. |
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Definition
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Term
| Herbivores usually don't expend much energy finding plants to eat. They expend energy during _____. |
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Definition
| Digestion and detoxification |
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Term
| _____ gain energy by eating animals. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are animals that live in or on other animals. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are parasites that live inside their hosts. |
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Definition
Endoparasites
ex. tapeworms, roundworms |
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Term
| _____ are parasites that live outside their hosts. |
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Definition
Ectoparasites
ex. ticks, leeches |
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Term
| _____ obtain energy by feeding on decomposing organic matter. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ carry out important ecosystem functions by contributing to nutrient cycling. |
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Definition
Detritivores
ex. earthworms, millipeds |
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Term
| _____ can change their diets. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ _____ is the name describing newborns closely resembling their adult organism. |
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Definition
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Term
| Many organisms undergo _____, which is a radical change between larval and adult forms. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most animals have a _____ stage in their life cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sessile animals typically disperse as _____ or _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Motile animals may disperse as _____, or upon reaching _____ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parasites often rely on _____ species for dispersal. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 major groups of animals. |
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Definition
Sponges
Placozoans
Eumetazoans |
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Term
| A major group of animals, made up of both diploblasts and triploblasts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for Triploblastic is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The common ancestor to sponges, placozoans, and eumetazoans had these 2 characteristics or traits: |
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Definition
Unique cell junctions.
Collagen & proteoglycans in extracellular matrix. |
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Term
| _____ are the simplest animals, with no distinct tissue layers or organs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Although sponges have no distinct organs they do have _____ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A specialized cell in sponges, made up of collagen protein. |
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Definition
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Term
| In sponges, a specialized collar cell is called ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sponges feed on food particles suspendid in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| In sponges, water passes through the body aided by these collar cells. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Not much is known about these animals. They are diploblastic, discovered in aquaria, but not in nature. They have no mouth, no gut, and no nervous system. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are a type of Eumetazoan. They are diploblastic, have radial symmetry, use cilia for movement, use a sticky mucus secretion to capture prey. Are also called comb jellies. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are Eumetazoans. They are diploblastic, have gastrovascular cavity in lieu of a gut, radial symmetry, polyp and medusa stages, capture prey with specialized cells called cnidocyctes with nematocysts. |
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Definition
Cnidarians
ex. portugese man-of-war |
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Term
| In Cnidarians, the specialized cells used for capturing prey are called _____. It is the part that holds the nucleus, or the head. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a Cnidarian, the _____ are attached to the cnidocyte, and consist of barbs and spines to aid in prey capture. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 groups of Cnidarians |
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Definition
Anthozoans
Hydrozoans
Scyphozoans |
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Term
| Bilaterians, or Triploblastic animals, are broken down into 2 major groups, name them. |
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Definition
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