ACE inbitors

(End with -pril)

Captopril (captoen)

Enalapril (vasotec)

Ramipril (altace)

Lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)

USE/ACTION

• block formation of ACE enzymes
• casodilation
• saves sodium
• inhibits angio2, blocks aldosterone, blocks inflammation and clotting, decrease glucose, decrease onset of DM, decrease nephropathy

ACE inhibitors

(end with -pril)

Captopril (capoten)

Enalapril (vasotec)

Ramipril (altace)

Lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)

SIDE EFFECTS

• First dose hypotension, angioedema
• Cough is common side effect should go away in 2 weeks
• Angioedema: swelling tongue, throat, glottis
• Hyperalemia

Angiotensin 2 Receptor Inhibitors (ARB)

(end with sartan)

Losartan (cozaar)

Valsartan (diovan)

Irbesartan (avapro)

USE/ACTION

• block action of angiotensin
• Similar effects to ACE
• Vasodilation
• Block aldosterone
• No problem with cough or K

Angiotensin 2 Receptor Inhibitors (ARB)

(end with sartan)

Losaratn (cozaar)

Valsartan (diovan)

Irbesartan (avapro)

SIDE EFFECTS

• FIRST DOSE SYNCOPE
• ANGIOEDEMA

Adrenergic blockers

Alpha blocker

(ends with zosin)

Doxazosin (cardra)

Terazosin (hytrin)

Prozosin (minipress)

USE/ACTION

• block alpha 1 receptor of SNS
• dilate arteries and veins
• relax bladder and urethra

Adrenergic blockers

Alpha blocker

 (end in zosin)

Doxazosin (cardura)

Terazosin (hytrin)

Prozosin (minipress)

SIDE EFFECTS

• slow onset of 2-3 weeks to be effective

Adrenergic blockers

Beta Blocker

(end with OL)

Cardio selective (B1 only)

Atenolol (tenormin)

Metroprolol (lotensin)

Non-Selective (B1 & B2)

Propanolol (inderal)

USE/ACTION

• Block B1 only
• Non-selective block B1 & B2

Adrengergic Blockers

Beta Blockers

(end with OL)

Cardio Selective (B1 only)

Atenolol (tenormin)

Metoprolol (lopressor)

Non-Selective (B1 & B2)

Propanolol (inderal)

SIDE EFFECTS

Do not stop suddenly

Vasodilators

Diazoxide (hyperstat)

Hydrlazine (apresoline)

Nitroprusside (nipride) (ICU only IV med)

USE/ACTION

• Acute HTN
• Direct relaxation of peripheral vascular smooth muscle.

Vasodilators

Diazoxide (hyperstat)

Hydrlazine (apresoline)

Nitroprusside (nipride) (ICU only IV med)

SIDE EFFECTS

• Palpitations
• Tachcardia
• Dizziness
• Fluid retention

Calcium Channel Blockers

Dihydropyridines

(end with -pine)

Nifedipine (procardia)

Amlodipine (norvasc)

Nicardipine (cardene)

USE/ACTION

• primary effect on vessels

Calcium channel blockers

Dihydropyridines

(end with pine)

Nifedipine (procardia)

Amlodipine (norvasc)

Nicardipine(cardene)

SIDE EFFECTS

• Palpitations
• Nausea, fatigue
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Edema (vasodilator effect)

Calcium Channel Blockers

Non-dihydropyridines

Diltiazem (cardizem)

Verapamil (calan)

USE/ACTION

• Vasodilation
• Blocks SA node
• Blocks AV node

Calcium Channel Blockers

Non-Dihydropyridines

Diltiazem (cardizem)

Verapamil (calan)

SIDE EFFECTS

• Assess pulse and BP
• Bradycardia
• Same side effects as -pines

USE/ACTION

• arteriorlar dilation
• Reduce extracellular volume, plasma volume, and cardiac output

SIDE EFFECTS

• Secrete sodium, water, and potassium

Thiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, hydrodiuril)

Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)

USE/ACTION

• inhibit sodium and chlorine resorption
• dilate blood vessels
• rapid onset
• can work in renal insufficiency

Thiazide 

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hydrodiuril)

Metalazone (Zaroxolyn)

SIDE EFFECTS

• Hypokalemia
• hypercalcemia
• Hyperglycemia
• Dehydration
• Headache
• Impotence

Loop Diuretics

(end with -mide and -nide)

Lasix (furosemide)

Demadex (torsemide)

Bumex (bumetanide)

USE/ACTION

• Block chlorine and sodium resorption
• dilate blood vessels
• rapid onset
• can work in renal insufficiency

Loop Diuretics 

(end with mide and nide)

Lasix (furosemide)

Demadex (torsemide)

Bumex (bumetanide)

SIDE EFFECTS

• Urine output increase

Potassium Sparing

Aldactone (spironolactone)

USE/ACTION

• Block aldosterone receptors
• Inhibit resorption of sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen

Potassium Sparing

Aldactone (spironolactone)

SIDE EFFECTS

• INCREASE IN POTASSIUM

Centrally Acting Adrenergics

Clonidine (catapress)

Methyldopa (aldomet)

Used for HTN and opioid/nicotine withdrawal

USE/ACTION

• Stimulate alpha2 receptor
• decrease in SNS
• Supress vasomotor and cardiac centers
• Results in casodilation and decreaseed cardiac output

Centrally Acting Adrenergics

Clonidine (catapress)

Methyldopa (aldomet)

SIDE EFFECTS

• Reduces BP, pulse, renin
• Good to take at night due to postural hypotenison