Inhibits ACE enzyme that allows the conversion of angiotension 1 to angiotension 2. Also stimulates aldosterone.

Decreases BP, Na and H2O retention, potassium excretion.

Ends in "pril", persistent cough, assess for hypokalemia.

Can block beta 1 blockers or beta 2 blockers.

Beta one: decrease HR, decrease conductility, decrease O2 demand, decrease Co2

end in "lol"

Prevent calicum from entering cells.

Decrease HR and contractility. Causes constipation. 

Amlodapine- antihypertensive antianginal

Verapamil- anytihypertensive, antiangia, antidysrythmia

Diltiazem-anytihypertensive, antiangia, antidysrythmia

Increases myocardial contratility without increasing O2 demand. 

Slows HR and improves stroke vol.

Low K+ levels cause Tox: N/V, anorexia, halos

NO MEALS HIGH IN FIBER.

AKA adrenaline.

Sympathomimetic used to treat anaphylactic reactions.

Increases contractility of <3, BP, and bronchodilation.

May increase glucose levels. 

Loop diuretic- inhibits reabsorption of sodium and water in loop of henle. Causes excretion of K+

Tx: hypertension, heart failure, edma, etc

Lowers BP. Can cause hypokelpemia.

AKA water pill

Immunosuppressant steroid. 

Carbs- rasies blood glucose

proteins- suppression of protein synthesis causing low muscle mass and slow healing.

Fats- redistribution of fat. (moonface)

MUST be tapered.

Anticoagulant which PREVENTS clots.

Tx: PE, CVA, DVT, etc

Can cause hemorrage.

Protamine sulfate is the antidote and PTT is the test to monitor

Transports glucose into cell. 

Novolong- rapid onset, correction dose

Lantus- lasts 24 hours and does not peak

Trade name Sitagliptin.

Oral drug for type 2 diabetes

Stimulates glucose dependant relase by enhancing action of incretin hormones.

May cause pancreatitis.

Aldolsterone antagonists- inhibit effects of aldosterone (secretion of K+) 

Nonaldosterone antagonists- acts directly on renal tube to encourage reabsorption of K+.

Must monitor K+ levels

Synthetic thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism.

Given BEFORE breakfast and may take a month to take effect.

SE: s/s of hyperthyroidism like tachycardia and palpitations 

Oral antidiabetic

Lowers production of glucose in liver

Can cause lactic acidosis

HOLD before any dye procedure 

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs. 

Decrease inflammation by inhibiting COX (cyclooxygenase). 

COX -1 and 2.  NSAIDs may be nonselective (1^st g) or COX2 selective (2^nd g).  Fewer harmful effects with COX2 selective agents. 

Aspirin is a nonselective; Celecoxib (Celebrex) is COX2 selective.

Most effective pain relievers available. 

Classified according to receptor activity: pure agonist, an agonist-antagonist, or a pure antagonist. 

When agonist-antagonists are given alone, they produce analgesia.  When they are given in the presence of a pure agonist, they will antagonize analgesia and can precipitate withdrawal syndrome. 

Adverse reactions of pure opioid agonist:  respiratory depression and constipation. 

Antidote :  A pure antagonist!→Naloxone (Narcan

Most effective drugs for suppressing secretion of stomach acid. 

Blocks the final step in gastric acid production.

Used primarily for ulcers and GERD. 

end in “…prazole”. 

Prototype is omeprazole (prilosec) which is now available OTC.

A Class 1A andidysrhythmic. 

SE:  diarrhea and hypotension.  Can also cause “cinchonism”  which causes blurred vision, tinnitus, and GI upset.

Fairly strong anticholinergic effects as well.

  Usually given po.  Only quinidine gluconate can be given IV.

Generic name is metoclopramide. 

The only “prokinetic” (increases the tone and motility of the GI tract) agent currently available. 

Used for GERD, N/V, diabetic gastroparesis, and postoperative emesis. 

Major side effect:  DIARRHEA!!!

 Most commonly used to lower cholesterol. 

Cause decrease in LDL and an increase in HDL. 

SE: uncommon. Can cause liver toxicity (liver enzymes should be monitored at least yearly) and rarely, myopathy. 

Use with caution in combination with fibrates. 

Administered at bedtime.

A SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator). 

Prescribed drug for breast cancer- inhibits cell growth by blocking estrogen receptors.

Used both to treat active disease as well as to reduce occurrence of breast cancer in high risk women. 

SE: hot flashes. 

Most serious is development of endometrial cancer or thromboembolism.

Generic name is tramadol.

  This is a nonopioid analgesic. 

Weak agonist activity at mu opioid receptors but causes minimal respiratory depression and is not a controlled substance.

Notable side effect:  seizures.

Avoid use in clients with or at high risk for seizures.  

Potentially toxic antibiotic used for serious infections including MRSA and C. dif.

Inhibits cell wall synthesis. 

Effective only against Gm+ organisms.  Usually given IV. 

Serious s.e.=ototoxicity. 

Must also be alert for “Red Man Syndrome”—rash, flushing, hypotension, etc.,--can be minimized by slow IV administration.

Oral anticoagulant that antagonizes the effects of vitamin K. 

Peak effects take several days to develop. 

PT and INR are tests used to monitor effectiveness. 

Highly protein bound and subject to MANY drug interactions.

Antidote for overdose is vitamin K.

Generic name is alprazolam. 

A benzodiazepine. 

Used for anxiety, panic disorders, and occasionally for PMS.

Drowsiness is a common side effect. 

May be habit forming.  Generally not recommended for use for anxiety for longer than 4 months. 

Do not discontinue abruptly after long-term use.