Term
| What is the junction between the CNS and the endocrine system? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormones produced by the posterior pitiuitary gland that helps control fluid regulation are: |
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Definition
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also calle vasopressin. It also produces oxytocin.
ADH stimulates the kidney to retain water be reabsorbing sodium. When fluid levels stabilize, ADH is inhibited. |
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Term
| You can suppress preterm labor by administering a fluid bolus because: |
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Definition
| Because oxytocin release is inhibited. |
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Term
| Grave's disease, characterized by insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension, and fatigue, is the result of: |
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Definition
| Overprouction of thyroid hormones or hyperthyroidism. |
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Term
| Myxedema, characterized by facial bloating, weakness, altered mental status, and oily skin is caused by: |
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Definition
| Hypothyroidism - there is a 50% mortality rate. People with this condition take synthetic thyroid hormone. |
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Term
| The parathyroid glands are reposnbile for regulating the blood level of: |
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Definition
| This gland secretes the parathyroid hormone which increases the blood level of calcium. |
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Term
| Which hormones are produced by the islets of Langerhands? |
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Definition
Glucagon, Somatostatin, and Insulin.
The specialized cells in the pancreas produce these three hormones. Alpha Cells - glucagon, Beta Cells - insulin, Delta cells - somatostatin. |
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Term
| Catecholamines are released by the: |
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Definition
| Adrenal gland, specifically the adrenal medulla. |
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Term
| Which classes of hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete? |
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Definition
| Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgenic hormones. These steroidal hormones respond to stress by raising blood glucose level, anti-inflammatory and immunte suppression duties. |
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Term
| Which hormones control the testes? |
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Definition
| They are controlled by the anterior pituitary hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone). |
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Term
| What is diabetes mellitus? |
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Definition
It is characterized by decreased insulin production by the beta cells.
Other characteristics are Ketone production, Osmotic diuresis, and associated heart and kidney disease. |
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Term
| What causes diabetic ketoacidosis? |
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Definition
| It is a direct result of body metabolizing other fuel sources, raising levels of by products such as ketones and other organic acids. This may cause metabolic acidosis and coma may ensue. |
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Term
| Insulin Shock is a direct result of? |
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Definition
| Is a result of insufficient glucose to meet tissue demands. This maybe caused by taking an insulin shot, and then not eating enough to fuel the brain. |
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Term
| How does nonketotic hyperosmolar coma differ from Diabetic Ketoacidosis? |
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Definition
Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma occurs when insulin is being produced, but not enough of it. Insulin is transpring glucose into the tissue, but not enough to sustain proper levels. In this case, glucose levels in the blood can be very high causing hyperosmolarity and thus dehydration, but not enough insulin is present to transport all of the glucose into the cells.
In DKA, fuels other than glucose are being used, thus creating ketones. |
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Term
| Name the classic signs of Diabetic Ketoacidosis or Hyperglycemia? |
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Definition
- Diabetic History
- Slow onset of ALOC
- High Blood Sugar
- Rapid and Deep Respirations
- Warm and dry skin
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Kussmaul's Breathing? |
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Definition
| Rapid and deep respirations. |
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Term
| With a patient in DKA or hyperglycemia, what causes the hypotension and dehydrated look of the skin? |
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Definition
| Osmotic Diuresis. When the glucose level in the blood is high, the body makes an attempt to bring it down by losing it through urine. |
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Term
| In DKA or hyperglycemia, what causes the fruity breath? |
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Definition
| When ketones are expelled in the respiratory tract, it smells fruity. |
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Term
Define these early signs of DKA or hyperglycemia:
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
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Definition
- Polyuria - frequent urination
- Polydipsia - frequent thirst
- Polyphagia - frequent hunger
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Term
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Definition
| Too much insulin in the blood and not enough glucose, causing an altered level of consciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
| The level of glucose in the blood is low, causing an altered level of consciousness. |
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