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Ulmas americana  American elm

Leaves: Corsley doubley serrate

(Leaf base is unequal)

Fruit: flying sauser

Bark: Interwieveing diomond

East 310

Oleacece Fraxinus americana Whie ash

Leaves: Pinnately compound, leaflets of 7

Margins, serrate to entire

Fruit: Lanceloate samara

Twigs: Smileing leaf-scar

Bark: Tight dimond ash

Eastern 310

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Quercus macrocarpa

Buroak

Leaves: Rounded,

deep central sinus to midrib

Underside pubrsent

Fruit: 

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Fagaceae  Quercus  rubra  

northern  red oak

Leaves:  Pointy, U shaped sinuses

Acorn: flat sauser like cup 

Eastern 310

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Magnoliaceae  Liriodendron  tuipifera  

yellow  poplar

Leaves: Tulip

Fruit: Flower sumari

Twigs: Valvate bud scales

 E 310

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Fabaceae    Gleditsia triacanthos    

   honeylocust

Leaves: Pinnately Coumpound

Fruit: Legume: Long, twisted

Bark: the hulk

Twigs: 3 branched thorns

 E 310

Salix nigra

black willow

Leaf: Alternate, simple, lanceolate, finely serrate 

Twig: buds are small and appressed(lye flat), cover

Salicaceae Populus deltoides (triangular) 

Eastern Cottonwood

Leaf: Alternate, simple, triangular crenate/serrate margin: flattened Petiole, glands at top of petiole.

Ulmaceae Ulmus Rubra

slippery elm 

Leaf: Alternate, simple,  sharply doubly serrate,

Base inequilateral; dark green  hairy beneath.

Fruit: Round, Seed hary, Little noche at tip

Twig: stouter than American elm, slightly zigzag (often mottled), lateral buds dark

 Ulmaceae Ulmus thomasii 

 Rock Elm

Leaf:ovate doubly serrated,

Fruit: Thin wafer-like samara, oval in shape, slightly pubescent

Ulmaceae Ulmus pumila

Siberian elm 

Leaf: singly serrated, nearly equilateral base, 

Fruit: Thin, wafer-like samara, nearly round, notched at top

Ulmaceae               Celtis occidentalis           hackberry

Leaf: Base angled

Fruit: Druip

Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis

Sysamore      

Leaf: Alternate , ovate, three to five lobes, coarsely toothed, petiole bases  enclose the buds

Fruit: A spherical multiple of achenes 

Twig: Obviously zigzag, quite stout

Bark: "camouflage" bark  exfoliates.

Latin name - sharp (leaves or used as lances) or Celtic "ac" (hard) / name for sugar cane - Greek "sakcharon" (sweet or sugar)

Aceraceae              Acer saccharinum            silver maple

Leaf: delicately rounded lobes, entire margin; green above, paler below.

Fruit: Two-winged horseshoe-shaped samaras about 1 inch long, appearing in clusters
Twig: Brown, slender and shiny with lighter lenticels; terminal buds brown, very sharp pointed, with tight scales.

green ash Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Leaf: Opposite, pinnately compound with 7 to 9 serrate leaflets that are lanceolate to elliptical in shape, entire leaf is 6 to 9 inches long, green above and glabrous to silky-pubescent below.

Fruit: leaf scars are flat across the top, with lateral buds sitting on top of leaf scar (not down in a notch as with white ash).

Latin name for Juglans regia Latin "jovis" (Jupiter) and "glans" (nut) / small fruit

Juglandaceae         Juglans nigra                    black walnut

Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound, 13 to 21, lanceolate or narrowly ovate, finely serrated, often curved,

Fruit: Round nut black

Twig: Moderately stout, initially green but turning gray-brown; leaf scars rasied, 3-lobed; buds light brown, fuzzy; pith brown and chambered.

Latin name for Juglans regia Latin "jovis" (Jupiter) and "glans" (nut) / ashy gray (bark)

butternut Juglandaceae Juglans cinerea

Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compoundoblong-lanceolate leaflets with serrate margins; rachis is stout and pubescent with a well developed terminal leaflet; green above and paler below.

Flower: Monoecious; male flowers are single-stemmed, yellow-green catkins, 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches long; females are on a short spike near the end of the twig, green-yellow in color, appear in mid to late summer.

Fruit: Oblong (lemon shaped), with a yellow-green sticky indehiscent husk; husk contains an irregularly-ribbed nut containing sweet, oily meat; mature in late summer.

kaura" (walnut -Juglans regia) / ovate or egg-shaped (leaflets)

shagbark hickory Juglandaceae Carya ovata       

Leaf: Alternate, pinnately,  5 (sometimes 7) leaflets, lateral leaflets are obovate to lanceolate, terminal leaflets are much larger than the laterals, margins, rachis stout and mostly glabrous; green above and paler below..

Fruit: Nearly round, 1 1/2 to 2 inches, with a very thick husk; nut is distinctly 4-ribbed, sweet and delicious; maturing in fall.

Twig: Stout and usually tomentose, but may be somewhat pubescent near terminal bud, numerous lighter lenticels; leaf scars are raised, 3-lobed to semicircular - best described as a "monkey face";.

Bark: curving away from the trunk resulting in a  shaggy appearance.

pecan Juglandaceae Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.)

Leaf: Alternate, pinnately compound with 9 to 15 finely serrate and often curved leaflets, 12 to 18 inches long.

Fruit: Large, oblong, brown, splotched with black, thin shelled nuts, 1 1/2 to 2 inches long, husks are thin, usually occur in clusters on trees, mature in fall.

Twig: fuzzy (particularly when young); leaf scars large and three lobed; buds are yellowish brown to brown, hairy, with terminal buds 1/4 to 1/2 inch long.

Bark: Smooth when young, becoming narrowly fissured into thin broken strips, often scaly.

Greek "dios" (divine) and "pyros" (wheat) referring to the edible fruit / of Virginia

common persimmon Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana  

Leaf: Alternate, simple, oblong to oval, margin entire, lustrous green above and paler or whitened below.

Flower; female flowers solitary and urn-shaped, appear in late spring and early summer.

Fruit: A plum-like berry 

Twig: Slender, light brown to gray, maybe scabrous or pubescent; no true terminal bud and twig scar is often very prominent, buds triangular, appressed, 

Ohio buckeye Hippocastanaceae Aesculus glabra

 Leaf: Opposite, palmately compound with 5 leaflets, oval to, serrated margin, rachis about as long as leaflets, dark green above and paler below.

Flower: Light yellow, in large, 4 to 7 inch, showy, upright clusters, stamens longer than petals, appear in spring.

Fruit: leathery husk enclosing usually 1 smooth chestnut brown

Twig: Stout, with a large shield-shaped leaf scar

Bignoniaceae       Catalpa speciosa       northern catalpa

 Leaf: Whorled), cordate(hart Shaped) 5 to 12 inches long, pinnately veined, entire margins, overall soft and flexible feeling, light green to green above and soft pubescence on the underside.

Fruit: Long (10 to 18 inches) bean-like, hanging capsules, round in cross section, very stiff Flower: Monoecious; very showy, white (yellow and purple spots on insides), 5 fuzzed petals form an overall bell shape, 1 inch long; appear in open, branched, upright terminal cluster (8 to 12 inches long) in late spring.

Twig: Stout, green, and later reddish brown in color, numerous lighter lenticels; terminal bud is absent, lateral buds are small and covered with red-brown scales; leaf scars very unique elliptical or round sunken saucers, light in color.

white oak Fagaceae Quercus alba           

Leaf: Alternate, simple, oblong to ovate in shape, 4 to 7 inches long; 7 to 10 rounded, finger-like lobes, sinus depth varies from deep to shallow, apex is rounded and the base is wedge

Fruit: Ovoid to oblong acorn, cap is warty and bowl-shaped, covers 1/4 of the fruit; cap always detaches at maturity

post oak Fagaceae Quercus stellata

Leaf: 5 lobes, the two middle lobes are distinctly square thickened texture; green above with scattered stellate pubescence, pubescent and paler below.

Twig: Gray or tawny-tomentose and dotted with numerous lenticels; multiple terminal buds are short, blunt, orange-brown, somewhat pubescent, short, thread-like stipules may be present.

southern red oak Fagaceae Quercus falcata

Leaf: Alternate, simple, 5 to 9 inches long and roughly obovate in outline with bristle tipped lobes. Two forms are common: 3 lobes with shallow sinuses (common on younger trees) or 5 to 7 lobes with deeper sinuses. Often resembles a turkey foot with one very long hooked terminal lobe with two shorter lobes on the sides

Fruit: Acorns are 1/2 inch long, orange-brown and pubescent. The cap covers less than 1/3 of the nut and is quite thin and flattened; cap scales are orange-brown, appressed and slightly pubescent; matures after two years, ripens in the fall.

black oak Fagaceae Quercus velutina

Leaf: obovate or ovate in shape with 5 (mostly) to 7 bristle-tipped lobes

Fruit: Ovoid acorns, 1/2 to 3/4 inch long, 1/3 to 1/2 enclosed in a bowl-shaped cap; cap scales are loosely appressed (particularly loose on edges of cap), light brown and fuzzy, matures in 2 years in late summer and fall.

scarlet oak Fagaceae Quercus coccinea

Leaf: Alternate, simple, 3 to 7 inches long, oval in shape with very deep sinuses and bristle-tipped lobes, Fruit: Acorns are 1/2 to 1 inch long, with the cap covering 1/2 of the nut, cap scales are shiny, acorn may have concentric rings or fine cracks; maturing in two years and ripening in the fall.

Twig: Moderately stout, red-brown with multiple terminal buds; buds reddish brown, plump, pointed, slightly angled, and covered with a light colored pubescence on the top half.

Bark: On young trees, gray-brown, with smooth streaks; later becoming darker and developing irregular broad ridges and narrow furrows especially near the base.

 Quercus prinus       chestnut oak

Leaf: Alternate, simple, 4 to 6 inches long, obovate to elliptical in shape with a crenate margin, shiny green above and paler below. 
Fruit: Acorns are 1 to 1 1/2 inches long, ovoid in shape and separate from the cap when mature; cap is thin, warty and shaped like a teacup, edges of cap are very thin; matures in one growing season, ripening in the fall.

Bark: Gray-brown to brown, very smooth when young; developing hard and wide flat-topped ridges which later become thicker and more sharply pointed ridges; somewhat resembling the back of an alligator or ridge tops.         

willow oak Fagaceae Quercus phellos

Leaf: Alternate, simple, 2 to 5 inches long, linear or lanceolate in shape (willow-like) with an entire margin and a bristle tip.

Fruit: Acorns are very small, 1/4 to 1/2 inch across, nearly round, Cap saucer-like and cover only 1/4 of acorn with thin, tomentose, appressed scales.

live oak Fagaceae Quercus virginiana

Leaf: Alternate, simple, evergreen, leathery, 2 to 5 inches long, oblong or elliptical in shape with an entire or spiny and revolute margin. The upper surface is lustrous, the lower is pale and pubescent.

Fruit: Acorns in clusters of 3 to 5, dark nut, 3/4 inch long and covered 1/3 by the cap; cap is bowl-shaped, turbinate, and warty; maturing in early fall of the first year.

Agropyron cristatum

crested wheatgrass

•  Prerennial bunch grass
• cool season
• flattend spike inflorescence (floral axis)

Bromus tectorum 

cheatgrass

•  Annual=Invader
• Pinicle inflorescence

 Bromus inermis (without thorns or spines)

smooth brome

• Perennial Cool season invader
• Panicle Inflorence

Carex spp.  

sedge

• stems with triangular cross-sections 
• Leaves orginate from base of plant

Bouteloua gracilis

Blue grama

• Pinicle of unilateral spikate branches
• resimbles ladies eyelash 

Danthonia parryi 

Parry’s oatgrass

• Prennial native bunchgrass
• large glume
• freguently dead tipped
• hair inside collar

Hesperostipa  comata

needle-and-thread

• Perennial native
• long awn with pointy tip
• one floret per spike

Juncus arcticus

Rush

• Round is rush
• hopper tird 1/2 way up

 Koeleria macrantha (large flowerd)

June grass

• small pre native bunchgrass
• pinicle
• fine hair on leaves
• soft twisting leaves

Leucopoa kingii

King fescue

• Pre native
• grows under ponderosa
• blueish green
• ligule resimbles a kings crown

Muhlenbergia montana

mountain muhly

• pre native
• bunchgrass with deaf centers
• long ligule and fine leaves

Elymus smithii

western wheatgrass

• Pre native, cool-season
• one spiklet per node
• blue green
• awn tiped

Poa pratensis

Kentucky bluegrass

• introduced
• boat-shaped leaf when bent back
• florets have webby base