Term
| 4 joints that work together to raise the arm above the head: |
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Definition
- Sternoclavicular
- Acromioclavicular
- Glenohumeral
- Scapulothoracic
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Term
Component movements required for Elevation
- GH
- Scapulothoracic
- clavicular
- rhythm
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Definition
- 120° of elevation possible at GH joint
- First 30-60° of elevation is all at GH
- 60° at scapulothoracic
- clavicle elevates 35-45° during the first 90° of shoulder abduction
- Scapular upward rotation requires 45-50° clavicular backward rotation
- Scapular:humeral rhythm 1:2
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Term
| Shoulder: Concave/Convex; glides and rolls |
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Definition
Convex humerus moving on concave glenoid; roll and glide in opposite directions
Elevation of humerus: inferior glide, superior roll
- At 75% of elevation, external rotation occurs (conjunct rotation) to prevent compression of greater tubercle
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Term
| Requirements for Full Elevation: (6) |
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Definition
- Scapular stabilization
- Inferior glide of humerus
- External rotation of humerus
- Rotation of clavicle at SC
- Scapular abduction and lateral rotation of AC
- Straightening of thoracic kyphosis
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Term
Elbow: Biomechanics
Three joints of the Elbow |
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Definition
- Humeroulnar joint
- Humeroradial Joint
- Proximal radioulnar
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Term
Humeroulnar Joint:
Concave/Convex; Roll/Glides |
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Definition
- Trochlear notch of ulna is concave
- Moves on the Trochlea (humerus) which is convex
- Flexion: anterior roll and glide
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Term
Conjunct Rotations of Ulna:
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Definition
- Extension: ulna pronates slightly and glides medially
- Flexion: Ulna supinates and glides laterally
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Term
| Explain the screw home mechanism of the elbow: |
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Definition
Flexion/Extension is accompanied by a screw home mechanism related to the rotations of the ulna:
- Ulna externally rotates (supinates) during flexion and externally rotates (pronates) during extension
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Term
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Definition
- Brachialis
- Biceps Brachii
- Brachioradialis
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Term
| This MM is the major elbow flexor, works in forearm pronation or supination and shoulder flexion or extension |
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Definition
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Term
| m that flexes with forearm supination and when lifting >2lbs |
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Definition
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Term
| Flexes the elbow, stabilizes supination and pronation during strong resistance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Triceps brachii is major elbow extensor
- anconeus assists and provides stability for pronation and supination
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Term
| these mm facilitate elbow extension in closed chain movements |
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Definition
- pectoralis major
- anterior delt
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Term
| This mm is active for supination with low loads and slow movements |
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Definition
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Term
| This mm performs supination when elbow is flexed to 90° |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Pronator Quadratus is active during low loads
- pronator teres is used for pronation and stabilizing elbow during flexion
- flexor carpi radialis may also help pronate
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Term
Hand/wrist
Radiocarpal: concave/convex, roll/glide |
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Definition
- Radius is biconcave relative to convex carpals (scaphoid and lunate)
- Roll and glide are in opposite directions
- This joint is primarily responsible for extension
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