Term
| Describe a first class lever. Draw and list where the effort force, resistance, and axis lie. |
|
Definition
| Seesaw. Triceps. Axis is between resistance and effort force. |
|
|
Term
| Describe a second class lever. Draw and list where the effort force, resistance, and axis lie. |
|
Definition
| Wheelbarrow. Brachioradialis. The resistance is closer to the axis than the effort force. |
|
|
Term
| Describe a third class lever. Draw and list where the effort force, resistance, and axis lie. |
|
Definition
| Most muscles in the human body. Biceps brachii. Effort force is closer to the axis than the resistance. |
|
|
Term
| List the function, distal moving part, & convex/concave rule for the fingers, MCP, & wrist joints. |
|
Definition
fingers: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
flex/ext. phalanx concave
MCP: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
ABD/ADD phalanx concave
Wrist: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
flex/ext. capitate, convex
scaphoid, convex
lunate, convex
triquetrum, convex
trapezoid concave |
|
|
Term
| List the function, distal moving part & convex/concave rule for the distal & proximal radio-ulnar joint, humeroradial joint, & humeroulnar joint. |
|
Definition
Distal RU joint: Function Distal Convex/Concave
Pro/Sup Radius Concave
Prox. RU Joint: Function Distal Convex/Concave
Pro/Sup Radius Convex
Humeroradial: Function Distal Convex/Concave
Flex/Ext. Radius Concave
Humeroulnar: Function Distal Convex/Concave
flex/ext. ulna concave |
|
|
Term
| List the function, distal moving part, & convex/concave rule for the Glenohumeral, Sternoclavicular, & Acromioclavicular Joints. |
|
Definition
GH: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
all mvt humerus convex
SC: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
Elev./Dep. Clavicle Convex
Pro/Ret. Clavicle Concave
AC: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
all mvt acromion concave |
|
|
Term
| List the function, distal moving part, & convex/concave rule for the Toes, MTP, Subtalar, & Talocrural Joints. |
|
Definition
Toes: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
flex/ext. phalanx concave
MTP: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
ABD/ADD phalanx concave
Subtalar: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
all mvts Calcaneus, convex
Navicular, concave
Cuneiform, concave
Cuboid convex
Talocrural: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
DF/PF talus convex |
|
|
Term
| List the function, distal moving part, & convex/concave rule for the Tibio-fibular, knee, & hip joint. |
|
Definition
Tibiofibular: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
all mvts fibula concave
Knee: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
flex/ext. tibia concave
Hip: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
all mvts femur convex |
|
|
Term
| List the function, distal moving part, & convex/concave rule for the TMJ. |
|
Definition
TMJ: Function Distal Part Convex/Concave
open/close mandible convex |
|
|
Term
| List the close-packed position for the following Joints: Vertebral, TMJ, Sternoclavicular, Acromioclavicular, & GH. |
|
Definition
Vertebral: Full extension
TMJ: Full retrusion with teeth clenching or max anterior position (mouth fully opened)
Sternoclavicular: full elevation
Acromioclavicular: Arm ABD 90 deg.
GH: max ABD & ER |
|
|
Term
| List the close-packed position for the following joints: Humeroulnar, Humeroradial, Proximal Radioulnar, Distal Radioulnar, & Radiocarpal. |
|
Definition
Humeroulnar: full extension & supination
Humeroradial: 90 deg. flexion & 5 deg. supination
Prox. Radioulnar: 5 deg. supination & full extension
Distal Radioulnar: 5 deg. supination
Radiocarpal: Full extension & radial deviation |
|
|
Term
| List the close-packed position for the following joints: Midcarpal, Carpometacarpal, Trapeziometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, & Interphalangeal |
|
Definition
Midcarpal: full extension
Carpometacarpal: full opposition
Trapeziometacarpal: full opposiiton
Metacarpophalangeal: 1st: full ext. 2-5: full flex
Interphalangeal: full extension |
|
|
Term
| List the close-packed position for the following joints: Hip, Knee, Talocrural, Subtalar, Mid-tarsal, Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, & Interphalangeal. |
|
Definition
Hip: Ligamentous: full ext., ABD, & IR
Bony: 90 deg. flex, slight ABD, & slight ER
Knee: full extension & ER
Talocrural: full DF
Subtalar: full inversion
Mid-tarsal: full supination
Tarsometatarsal: full supination
Metatarsophalangeal: full extension
Interphalangeal: full extension |
|
|
Term
| List and describe the 5 pathological end-feels. |
|
Definition
Boggy: edema, joint swelling
Firm w/ decreased elasticity: fibrosis of soft tissues
Rubbery: muscle spasm
Empty: loose then very hard; associated with m. guarding or patient protecting from going into a painful part of range
Hypermobility: end feel at a later time than opposite side |
|
|
Term
| List a common muscle substitution for initiation of shoulder motion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List a common muscle substitution for hip abduction. |
|
Definition
| Lateral trunk muscles or TFL |
|
|
Term
| List a common muscle substitution for finger flexors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List a common substitution for weak pectoralis major |
|
Definition
| Biceps, Coracobrachialis, & anterior deltoid |
|
|
Term
| List a common muscle substitution for weak hip extensors. |
|
Definition
| low back extensors, adductor magnus, & quadratus lumborum. |
|
|
Term
| List a common muscle substitution for weak hip flexors. |
|
Definition
| lower abs, hip adductors & lats |
|
|
Term
| The humeral head is retroverted _____ & the longitudinal axis of the head is ______ from the axis of the neck. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The scapula sits over the __-__ ribs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The orientation of the glenoid fossa places true abduction...? |
|
Definition
| 30 degrees anterior to the frontal plane |
|
|
Term
| List the capsular pattern for the following joints: TMJ, occipitoatlantal, atlantoaxial, lower cervical (C3-T2), thoracic, lumbar, and sacroiliac. |
|
Definition
TMJ: closing more limited than opening
occipitoatlantal: flexion more limited than ext.
atlantoaxial: rotation limited
lower c-spine: side-bending & rot. more limited than ext. (flexion normal)
thoracic: sidebending and rotation more limited than extension, which is more limited than flexion
lumbar spine: equal limitation of extension & SB; extension more limited than flexion
SIJ: pain when joints are stressed |
|
|
Term
| List the capsular pattern for the following joints: SC, AC, GH, Humeroulnar, & Humeroradial. |
|
Definition
SC: full elevation limited with pain at end range
AC: full elevation limited with pain at end range
GH: ER more limited than ABD, more limited than flexion & IR
Humeroulnar: flex more limited than extension
Humeroradial: flexion more limited than extension |
|
|
Term
| List the capsular pattern for the following joints: Forearm, Proximal RU, Distal RU, Wrist, Midcarpal, Trapeziometacarpal, CMC's II-V, & Digits |
|
Definition
Forearm: equal restriction of pronation & supination
Proximal Radioulnar: equal restriction of pronation & supination
Distal Radioulnar: equal restriction of pronation & supination
Wrist: flexion more limited than extension
Midcarpal: equally restricted in all directions
Trapeziometacarpal: ABD more limited than ext.
CMC's II-V: equally restricted in all directions
Digits: flexion limited greater than extension |
|
|
Term
| List the capsular pattern for the following joints: hip, tibiofemoral, tibiofibular, talocrural, & talocalcaneal. |
|
Definition
| Hip: flexion & internal rotation more limited than ABD; little to no limitation of ADD/ER Tibiofemoral: flexion more limited than extension Tibiofibular: pain when joint is stressed Talocrural: PF more limited than DF Talocalcaneal: inversion more limited than eversion |
|
|
Term
| List the capsular pattern for the following joints: Midtarsal, 1st MTP, MTP's II-V, & Interphalangeal. |
|
Definition
Midtarsal: supination more limited than pronation
1st MTP: extension more limited than flexion
MTP's II-V flexion more limited than ext.
Interphalangeal: extension more limited than flexion |
|
|
Term
| The shoulder capsule is least supported _______ & is most lax here. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The coracohumeral ligament is taut with ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the glenohumeral ligament & transverse humeral ligament. |
|
Definition
GH - 3 bands - superior, middle, & inferior - located on anterior GH joint
transverse humeral ligament - broad band - inserts into bicipital groove - acts as a retinaculum for long biceps tendon |
|
|
Term
| The ulnar collateral ligament has ____ parts, is _____-shaped, and reinforces the elbow joint ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The radial collateral ligament has ___ parts, is ____-shaped, and reinforces the elbow joint ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is stronger, the ulnar or radial collateral ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The elbow receives blood supply from which major arteries? |
|
Definition
| brachial, anterior & posterior ulnar recurrent, radial recurrent, & middle collateral branch of the deep brachial artery |
|
|
Term
| The ulna slightly ____ with extension & _____ with flexion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The proximal ulna glides ____ with extension & _____ with flexion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ulna _____ during elbow flexion & ______ during elbow extension. |
|
Definition
| ER (supinates), IR(pronation) |
|
|
Term
| Collateral ligaments in the fingers: all fibers tighten with ____ and volar fibers tighten with ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transverse ligaments in the hand are at the ____ joints. What is their function? |
|
Definition
| MCP. provide stability linking the MCP joints and provide reinforcement to the anterior capsule |
|
|
Term
| Palmar ulnocarpal and radiocarpal ligaments limit what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the radiate ligament of the hand? |
|
Definition
| stabilizes the hand for any impact through the knuckles |
|
|
Term
| Define & describe the extensor hood. |
|
Definition
| fibrous mechanism on the dorsum of each finger - an extension of extensor digitorum tendon - assists with extension of PIP & DIP's. |
|
|
Term
| Define & describe the volar plate. |
|
Definition
| present on the palmar aspect of MCP, PIP, & DIP joints - thickening of the capsule - functions to increase articular surface during extension & protect joint volarly - more mobile at MCP than IP. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the sensation of the hand by the median, ulnar, & radial nerves. |
|
Definition
Ulnar - hypothenar eminence, dorsum and palmar surface of 5th digit & medial 1/2 of 4th digit
Median - remainder of palmar surface not innervated by ulnar nerve & dorsal portions of 2nd, 3rd, & lateral half of the 4th digit from DIP joint to tip of finger
Radial - remainder of dorsum of hand not innervated by median or ulnar nerve |
|
|
Term
| Angle of inclination of the femur is normally _____-_____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coxa vara is an angle of the femoral head < ____ deg. & coxa valga is an angle of the femoral head > _____ deg. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Anteversion = anterior antetorsion angle > ____ deg.
Retroversion = anterior antetorsion angle < ____ deg. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acetabular labrum is ____ shape and made up of a fibrocartilaginous ring that is thickest _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iliofemoral ligament - has ___ band(s). Taut with ____ & _____. ____ band taut with ABD. |
|
Definition
| 2 - Both bands taut with ext. & ER - lat. band taut with ABD |
|
|
Term
| Pubofemoral ligament taut with ____, ____, & ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ischiofemoral ligament taut with ___, ___, & ___. |
|
Definition
| medial rotation, abduction, & extension |
|
|
Term
| List the blood supply for the femur. |
|
Definition
| proximal femur - medial & lateral femoral circumflex arteries femoral head - small branch of obturator artery acetabulum - branches from superior & inferior gluteal arteries |
|
|
Term
| ___ femoral condyle has a longer surface area & ____ femoral condyle descends further inferiorly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ____ tibial condyle is biconcave, has a larger surface area, & is more stable - therefore, it moves less. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCL is taut in ____ & prevents ____ & _____. Runs in same direction as _____. |
|
Definition
| extension. ER & valgus; ACL |
|
|
Term
| LCL on slack in ____ & prevents ____ & ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ACL limits ___ of tibia during flexion as it twists around the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The oblique popliteal ligament strengthens the ______ part of the knee capsule. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the arcuate popliteal ligament is ___-shaped and has ___ bands that strengthen the ______ capsule. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the attachments & function of the meniscopatellar ligament. |
|
Definition
| inferolateral edges fo patella to lateral borders of each meniscus - pulls menisci forward with extension |
|
|
Term
| Medial meniscus is large & ____ shaped. List the structures that attach to it. |
|
Definition
C-shaped
MCL, capsule, semimenbranosus |
|
|
Term
| Lateral meniscus is bigger/smaller than medial meniscus & _____-shaped. List the structures that attach to it. |
|
Definition
| smaller, circular popliteus, lateral meniscopatellar ligament |
|
|
Term
| the menisci follow the tibia with _____ movements & the femoral condyles with _____ movements. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the blood supply for the hip. |
|
Definition
| descending branches from lateral humeral circumflex femoral branch of the deep femoral artery, genicular branches of the popliteal artery & recurrent branches of anterior tibial artery |
|
|
Term
| During flexion, the femoral condyles roll posteriorly, causing the ____ to become taut. During extension, the femoral condyles roll anteriorly, causing the ____ to become taut. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During flexion at 10-15 deg., the ACL tightens, causing the femur to glide _____, then 5 deg. further, rolling occurs on the lateral condyle causing a _____ rotation of tibia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During extension, the PCL causes the femur to glide _____ while the condyles roll _____ 10-15 deg. A further 5 deg. of rolling anteriorly on the lateral side causing a ______ femoral rotation or _____ tibial rotation as a conjunct with extension |
|
Definition
| posteriorly; anteriorly; medial; lateral |
|
|
Term
| Define the "screw home mechanism" of the knee. |
|
Definition
5 deg. of tibial external rotation that occurs during terminal knee extension
- occurs as closed chain internal femoral rotation during wb-ing to provide increased stability of the knee joint - can also occur as OKC external tibial rotation
ER of tibia occurs as knee moves toward terminal extension d/t anatomical relationship of surfaces of tibia & femur |
|
|
Term
| Transversely, the trochlea of the talus is wedge shaped and wider ____ than _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| joint associated with spring ligament & another name for the lig. |
|
Definition
talonavicular
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament |
|
|
Term
| joint associated with plantar ligaments & another name for ligaments. |
|
Definition
calcaneocuboid joint
long plantar ligament = superficial plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
short plantar ligament - plantar calcaneocuboid ligament |
|
|
Term
| Describe the "Windlass effect". |
|
Definition
| plantar fascia tightens with DF of MTP joints as occurs during push off - causes supination of calcaneus & inversion of subtalar joint, creating a rigid lever for push off |
|
|
Term
| The oblique axis of the subtalar joint is ____ deg. from the horizontal & ____ deg. from the midline of the foot. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With a high inclination of the subtalar joint axis, movement at the subtalar joint axis is increased in the ______ plane & decreased in the ______ plane. The opposite occurs with a low inclination of the axis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arthrokinematics of the subtalar joint occur in ________ when mobilizing the calcaneus on a fixed talus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During inversion OKC movement of the subtalar joint, the calcaneus moves into _____,_____, & _____. |
|
Definition
| adduction, plantarflexion, & supination |
|
|
Term
| During CKC inversion of the subtalar joint, the calcaneus ______; the talus _____ & _____; and the tibia _______. |
|
Definition
| supinates; abducts; dorsiflexes; externally rotates |
|
|
Term
| The arthrokinematics of the talonavicular joint occur in ________ direction when mobilizing the navicular on a fixed talus. ROtational movements of the midtarsal joint allow the forefoot to twist on the rearfoot, which causes the talus and navicular to rotate in ______ direction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OKC inversion of talonavicular joint: navicular _____, ____, & _____ on fixed talus. |
|
Definition
| adducts, plantarflexes, & ER |
|
|
Term
| CKC inversion of talonavicular joint: navicular _____, _____, & ______; talus _____, _____, & ______. |
|
Definition
plantarflexes, adducts, & IR
dorsiflexes, abducts, & ER |
|
|
Term
| Uncinate processes are found at _____ & limit ______. |
|
Definition
| C3-7; lateral cervical motion |
|
|
Term
| The annulus fibrosus has concentric layers or lamellae composed of Type ____ collagen, ____cartilage, & _____ water. |
|
Definition
| II, fibrocartilage, & 65% |
|
|
Term
| The annulus fibrosus is innervated by branches of the ______ nerve. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nucleus pulposis is a gel composed of _____ water & _____ with a minimal amount of Type __ collagen. |
|
Definition
| 70-90% water, proteoglycans, & Type I collagen |
|
|
Term
| Describe the vertebral endplate & what its constituents are. |
|
Definition
structure continuous with the annulus & nuclues - it sits inside the ring apophysis of the vertebral body - provides passive diffusion of nutrients
composed of proteoglycans, collagen, & water as well as fibrocartilage & hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Term
| spinal nerves are connected centrally to the spinal cord by a ____ & ____ root, which join to become the ____ nerve in the interverebral foramen. From here, the spinal nerve then divide into dorsal & ventral ______. |
|
Definition
| dorsal & ventral, spinal nerve, primary rami |
|
|
Term
| Dorsal rami innervate structures on the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List what cervical, thoracic, & lumbar ventral primary rami innervate. |
|
Definition
cervical - form cervical & brachial plexus
thoracic - anterior trunk structures
lumbar - form lumbar & lumbosacral plexus |
|
|
Term
| the spinal cord terminates at the level of the ____ disc. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If L3 rotates right, there is separation at the ____ L3-4 joint and approximation at the _____ L3-4 joint. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cervical side-bending & rotation occur in same direction in ____ cervical joints. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In neutral or extension, the lumbar segments side-bend and rotate to _____ sides. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In flexion, lumbar segments side-bend and rotate in ____ direction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TMJ: a synovial joint with articular sufraces covered by ____. |
|
Definition
| dense fibrous connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| TMJ disc is composed of ____ . |
|
Definition
| dense fibrous connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| TMJ discal ligaments restrict movement in the _____ plane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior retrodiscal lamina of TMJ functions to what? |
|
Definition
| counteracts forward pull of superior lateral pterygoid muscle on articular disc |
|
|
Term
| Functional range of opening of TMJ is ___mm with ___mm of rotation & ___mm of translatory glide. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T1 weighted MRI demonstrates ___ within tissues & is used to assess _____ anatomy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T2-weighted MRI suppresses ____ & demonstrates tissues with high water content. T2 is used to assess ______. |
|
Definition
| fat; soft tissue structures. |
|
|
Term
| List normal ROM for the following joints: Shoulder, Elbow, & Wrist. |
|
Definition
Shoulder: Flex/Ext. ABD/ADD ER/IR Hor. ADD
160-180/ 170-180/ 80-90/ 130/45
50-60 50-75 60-100
Elbow: flex/ext supination/pro
140-150/0-10 90/80-90
Wrist: Flex/Ext Rad/Ulnar Dev
80-90/70-90 15/30-45 |
|
|
Term
| List normal ROM for the following joints: MCP, PIP, & DIP. |
|
Definition
MCP: Flex/Ext
85-90/30-45
PIP: Flex/Ext
100-115/0
DIP: Flex/Ext
80-90/20 |
|
|
Term
| List normal ROM for the following joints: 1st CMC, 1st MCP, & 1st IP. |
|
Definition
1st CMC: Flex/Ext ABD/ADD
45-50 60-70/30
1st MCP: Flex/Ext
50-55/0
1st IP: Flex/Ext
85-90/0-5 |
|
|
Term
| List normal ROM for the following joints: Hip, Knee, & Ankle. |
|
Definition
Hip: Flex/Ext ABD/ADD IR/ER
110-120/ 30-50/30 30-40/40-60
10-15
Knee: Flex/Ext ER/IR
135/0-15 30-40/20-30
Ankle: DF/PF SUP/PRO
20/50 45-60/15-30 |
|
|
Term
| List normal ROM for the following joints: 2nd-5th MTP, 1st MTP, & 1st IP. |
|
Definition
2nd-5th MTP: Flex/Ext
40/40
1st MTP: Flex/Ext
45/70
1st IP: Flex/Ext
90/0 |
|
|
Term
| List normal ROM for the following toe joints: 2nd-5th PIP & 2nd-5th DIP |
|
Definition
| 2nd-5th PIP: Flex/Ext 35/0 2nd-5th DIP: Flex/Ext 60/30 |
|
|
Term
| List normal ROM for the following joints: C-spine, T-spine, L-spine, & TMJ. |
|
Definition
C-spine: Flex/Ext SB Rot.
80-90/70 20-45 70-90
T-spine: Flex/Ext SB Rot.
20-45/25-45 20-40 35-50
L-spine: Flex/Ext SB Rot.
40-60/20-35 15-20 3-18
TMJ: Opening Protrustion/Retrusion Lat. Dev.
35-50 mm 3-6 mm/3-4 mm 10-15mm |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the Finkelstein's test? |
|
Definition
| identifies DeQuervain's tenosynovitis (paratendonitis of the abductor pollicis longus and/or extensor pollicus brevis) |
|
|
Term
| With the Bunnel-Littler test, if flexion is limited in both PIP flexion with MCP extension & PIP flexion with MCP flexion, ________. If more PIP flexion with MCP flexion occurs, _________. |
|
Definition
capsule is limited
intrinsic muscles are tight |
|
|
Term
| What does the tight retinacular test test for and what does it mean? |
|
Definition
identifies tightness around PIP
if flexion is limited in both PIP flexion & extension, then the capsule is tight; if more DIP flexion occurs with PIP flexion than extension, the retinacular ligaments are tight |
|
|
Term
| What does Froment's sign test for? |
|
Definition
| ulnar nerve dysfunction - IP flexion of thumb compensates d/t weakness of adductor pollicis |
|
|
Term
| Where is the two point discrimination test of the hand applied? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal amount that can be discriminated with a 2 point discrimination test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is measured with Thomas, Ober's, Ely's, & Craig's test? |
|
Definition
Thomas - hip flexor tightness
Ober's - ITB/TFL tightness
Ely's - rectus femoris tightness
Craig's - femoral anteversion/retroversion |
|
|
Term
| List normal femoral anteversion & what is considered anteverted/retroverted. |
|
Definition
normal angle - between 8-15 deg. IR with Craig's test
Less than 8 deg. IR - retroverted
>15 deg. - anteverted |
|
|
Term
| the pivot shift test determines ______ rotary instability. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Q-angle? What are normal values? |
|
Definition
the angle between then quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon
Normal 13 deg. for men & 18 deg. for women |
|
|
Term
| Which of the special tests of the knee is performed in the closed chain position: anterior drawer or Lachman's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The anterior drawer test of the foot identifies ligamentous instability of the ________. |
|
Definition
| anterior talofibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| The talar tilt test identifies ligamentous instability in the ________ ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tinel's test of the foot identifies dysfunction of what artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the following tests: Hautant's, Shoulder ABD, Lhermitte's sign, Lasegue's, Stork Standing Test, McKenzie's side glide test, & Bicycle (van Gelderen's test) |
|
Definition
Hautant's: differentiates vascular from vestibular causes of dizzines/vertigo
Shoulder ABD: indicates compression of neural structures within vertebral foramina
Lhermitte's sign: dysfunction of spinal cord &/or UMN lesion
Lasegues: dysfunction of neurological structures that supply lower limb
Stork standing test: identifies spondy
McKenzie's side glide test: lateral shift identification
Bicycle (van Gelderen's test): differentiate between IC & spinal stenosis |
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Term
| List the technique for performing Gaenslen's test vs. Goldthwait's test. |
|
Definition
Gaenslen's test: patient over to affected side of table. Unaffected leg in max hip & knee flexion. Affected leg hip extended off table & knee flexed. Positive for reproduction of SIJ pain
Goldthwait's test: palpate in between lumbar spinous processes with one hand and perform SLR with other hand. If pain is felt before gapping in spinous processes occurs, dysfunction is of SIJ |
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Term
| List the technique for performing Gaenslen's test vs. Goldthwait's test. |
|
Definition
Gaenslen's test: patient over to affected side of table. Unaffected leg in max hip & knee flexion. Affected leg hip extended off table & knee flexed. Positive for reproduction of SIJ pain
Goldthwait's test: palpate in between lumbar spinous processes with one hand and perform SLR with other hand. If pain is felt before gapping in spinous processes occurs, dysfunction is of SIJ |
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Term
| What diagnostic test is closely associated with ankylosing spondylitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the 2 types of CRPS. |
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Definition
I - frequently triggered by tissue injury - no underlying nerve injury
II - same symptoms but clearly associated with a nerve injury |
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Term
| Describe Paget's disease. |
|
Definition
osteitis deformans
- linked to a viral infection with environmental factors - considered a metabolic bone disease involving abnormal osteoclastic & osteoblastic activity - results in spinal stenosis, facet arthropathy, & possible spinal fracture |
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Term
| medial epicondylitis is usually an inflammation of the _______ & _______ tendons. |
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Definition
| flexor carpi radialis, & pronator teres |
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Term
| Describe "Smith's fracture" |
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Definition
| Similar to Colle's fracture except the distal fragment of the radius dislocates in a volar direction, causing a characteristic "garden spade deformity" |
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Term
| Describe Dupuytren's contracture. |
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Definition
| observed as banding on the palm and digit flexion contractures resulting from a contracture of the palmar fascia, which adheres to the skin. - usually affects MCP & PIP joints of the 4th & 5th digits non-diabetic individuals & 3rd & 4th digits of people with diabetes |
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Term
| Describe Boutonniere deformity. |
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Definition
| results from rupture of central tendinous slip of the extensor hood - causes extension of DIP & MCP, with flexion of PIP |
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Term
| Describe a swan neck deformity. |
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Definition
| results from contracture of intrinsic muscles with dorsal subluxation of lateral extensor tendons - observed deformity is flexion of MCP & DIP with extension of PIP |
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Term
| Describe ape hand deformity. |
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Definition
| thenar muscle wasting with first digit moving dorsally until it is in line with second digit - results from median nerve dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
| rupture or avulsion of extensor tendon at its insertion into the distal phalanx of the digit - observed deformity is flexion at the DIP joint |
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Term
| Define gamekeeper's thumb |
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Definition
| a sprain/rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the MCP joint of the first digit - results in medial instability of the thumb |
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Term
| Describe boxer's fracture. |
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Definition
| fracture of the neck of the 5th metacarpal - frequently sustained during a fight or from punching a wall in anger or frustration |
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Term
| Which bone is the first to ossify in the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| The scapula covers ribs ____ - ____. The superior angle is at T__ & the inferior angle is at T___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The coracoclavicular ligament stabilizes the ____ joint and prevents ____ displacement of the humeral head. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. The coracoclavicular ligament can be involved with impingement syndrome. |
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Definition
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Term
| The coracoclavicular ligament is composed of the _____ & _____ ligaments and functions to... |
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Definition
| trapezoid & conoid - prevents separation of the scapula from the clavicle |
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Term
| List the force couples for shoulder upward rotation, downward rotation, protraction, retraction, & depression. |
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Definition
upward rotation - upper & lower trap & serratus
downward rotation - rhomboids, levator, & pectoralis minor
protraction - serratus anterior & pec minor
retraction - rhomboids, middle & low trap
depression - pec minor, latissimus dorsi |
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Term
| Compression of the ____ nerve is the primary cause of "crutch palsy" |
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Definition
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Term
| which two nerves branch off of the brachial plexus before the trunks form? |
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Definition
| long thoracic (C5-7) & dorsal scapular (C5-6) |
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Term
| The ____ is the main elbow flexor, flexing the elbow in any forearm position. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two wrist/forearm muscles can contribute to elbow flexion? |
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Definition
| flexor carpi ulnaris & pronator teres |
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Term
| Which two muscles facilitate elbow extension in closed chain movements? |
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Definition
| pec major & anterior deltoid |
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Term
| The biceps performs supination when the elbow is in what position? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would an injury to the subcutaneous bursa of the elbow occur? |
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Definition
| repeated excessive friction - "student's elbow" |
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Term
| The brachial artery is most affected near which part of the humerus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Occlusion or laceration of the brachial artery can result in what? |
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Definition
| associated ischemia of the deep flexor muscles of the forearm causing a Volkmann's ischemic contracture permanently shortening the involved muscles |
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Term
| Ulnar nerve is most likely compressed in ______ ____, forming the cubital tunnel, posterior to the medial epicondyle. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most commonly fractured wrist bone? What usually occurs? |
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Definition
| scaphoid - poor blood supply - can develop avascular necrosis during healing process. |
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Term
| the scaphoid functions with the proximal row of carpals during ____ & the distal row during _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| anterior dislocation of the lunate is common & may compress ____ nerve against the flexor retinaculum. |
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Definition
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Term
| the most active muscle in grasping is the ______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which three muscles provide dynamic wrist stability? |
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Definition
| extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor pollicis brevis, & abductor pollicis longus |
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Term
| The ____ is the most effective at flexing the wrist. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the prime movers for radial deviation? |
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Definition
| flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis |
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|
Term
| what are the prime movers for ulnar deviation? |
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Definition
| flexor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi ulnaris |
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Term
| what muscles extend the thumb? |
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Definition
| abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus |
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Term
| a supracondylar fracture to the elbow can damage the ______. |
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Definition
| radial artery in the cubital fossa |
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Term
| the MCP collateral ligaments are taut in ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| wrist extension of ____-____ degrees is needed for optimal use of the hand. |
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Definition
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Term
| besides opposition, what else does the opponens digiti minimi do? |
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Definition
| hollows the palm for cupping of the hand |
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Term
| median nerve injury affects ____ grip. |
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Definition
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Term
| ulnar nerve injury affects _____ grip. |
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Definition
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Term
| list what the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, & pubofemoral ligament resist. |
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Definition
ilio - extension
ischiofemoral - extension & IR
pubofemoral - abduction |
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Term
| in OKC, the iliopsoas ______. in CKC, iliopsoas ________. |
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Definition
flexes hip
tilts pelvis anteriorly & increases lumbar spine lordosis |
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Term
| What are the prime movers for LE internal/external rotation? |
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Definition
IR - ant. fibers of glut. med & min
ER - external obturator & quadratus femoris |
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Term
| What is piriformis syndrome? |
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Definition
| when the piriformis entraps the sciatic nerve |
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Term
| Where is the femoral pulse palpated? |
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Definition
| femoral triangle, 2-3 cm inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament |
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Term
| The tendons of the vastus medialis & vastus lateralis form what? |
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Definition
| medial & lateral retinaculum |
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Term
| The lateral patellar border has an attachment for the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The LCL is taut with tibial ____ & the MCL is taut with tibial _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The PCL has a posteromedial band that is taut in _____ & an anterolateral band that is taut in ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| the most stress on the ACL from the quadriceps occurs between _____ of extension. |
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Definition
0-45
from 75-0, the quads pull the tibia anteriorly against the ACL |
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Term
| How do the hamstrings help the ACL? |
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Definition
| restrain anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur |
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Term
| Where does the popliteal artery begin & end? |
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Definition
when the femoral artery passes through adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus tendon
ends when it branches into anterior & posterior tibial arteries |
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Term
| a severe injury to the knee joint may damage the ______ artery. |
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Definition
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Term
| Because the tibia has relatively poor blood supply, undisplaced fractures can take ____ to heal. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| violent inversion of the foot may result in avulsion of the ______, where _______ inserts. |
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Definition
| styloid process of 5th met., peroneus brevis |
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|
Term
| List the motions of the calcaneus for OKC pronation & supination. |
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Definition
pronation: DF, ABD, EV
supination: PF, ADD, INV |
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|
Term
| the talus glides _____ with DF & _____ with PF. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the pronated subtalar joint is ____ & the supinated subtalar joint is ____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| gastrocnemius is a ___ joint; while soleus is a ____ joint muscle. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in closed chain, the main function of the tibialis posterior is to ____. |
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Definition
| control the forward motion of the tibia in MST. |
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Term
| list the function of the peroneals in the OKC & CKC. |
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Definition
open - eversion
closed - supports the transverse & longitudinal arches & stabilizes the first metatarsal during push-off. |
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Term
| How do wedge fractures result? |
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Definition
| forced flexion of the thoracic or lumbar spine. |
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Term
| What is the function of the quadratus lumborum? |
|
Definition
| stabilizes lumbar spine, unilaterally elevates the ilium & assists in forced exhalation, extending the back |
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|
Term
| the psoas can help with lumbar ____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the piriformis functions as an _____ of the hip with the hip extended and as ____ of the hip when the hip is flexed to 90 deg. In wb-ing, piriformis resists ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The thyroid cartilage is at the level of the ____ cervical vertebra. |
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Definition
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Term
| The vocal chords are at the level of the midpoint of the anterior border of the ______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| T/F. the hyoid bone is inferior to the thyroid cartilage. |
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Definition
| false - superior - 3rd cervical vertebra level |
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Term
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Definition
| depresses the mandible - draws mouth inferiorly & a muscle of facial expression |
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Term
| Describe the two phases of movement with mouth opening. |
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Definition
rotation of the condyle around the long axis of the condylar heads & takes place in the first 10-15 mm before phase II
second phase - head of the mandible and & articular disc glide anteriorly until the head lies inferior to the articular tubercle |
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|
Term
| Which muscles elevate the jaw for biting movements? |
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Definition
| temporalis, masseter, & medial pterygoid |
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|
Term
| What muscles protrude the mandible? |
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Definition
| medial & lateral pterygoid |
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|
Term
| Which muscles retrude the mandible? |
|
Definition
| posterior fibers of temporalis |
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|
Term
| Which muscles open the mouth? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the spinal cord segment, muscle innervation, sensory distribution, & motor features of paralysis for the musculocutaneous nerve. |
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Definition
Spinal cord segment: C5-6
Muscle innervation: biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis
sensory distribution: anterolateral surface of forearm
motor features: loss of forearm flexion when supinated, weakened supination |
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Term
| List the spinal cord segment, muscle innervation, sensory distribution, & motor features of paralysis for the axillary nerve. |
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Definition
Spinal cord segment: C5-6
Muscles: teres minor, deltoid
Sensory distribution: lateral arm over lower portion of deltoid
Motor: loss of shoulder ABD, weakened external rotation |
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Term
| List the spinal cord segment, muscle innervation, sensory distribution, & motor features of paralysis for the radial nerve. |
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Definition
Spinal cord segment: C6-T1
Innervation: triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, supinator, wrist, finger, & thumb extensors
Sensory: posterior arm, posterior forearm, radial side of posterior hand
Motor features: loss of elbow, wrist, finger, & thumb extension |
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Term
| List the spinal cord segment, muscle innervation, sensory distribution, & motor features of paralysis for the median nerve. |
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Definition
Spinal cord segment: C6-T1
Innervates: pronators, radial wrist & finger flexors, most thumb muscles
Sensory distribution: palmar aspects of thumb, second, third, & fourth fingers
Motor features: loss of forearm pronation, thumb opposition, flexion, & ABD |
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Term
| List the spinal cord segment, muscle innervation, sensory distribution, & motor features of paralysis for the ulnar nerve. |
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Definition
Spinal cord segment: C8-T1
Muscles innervated: flexor carpi ulnaris, adductor pollicis, flexor digitorum profundus (medial half), interossei, 4th & 5th lumbricals
Sensory distribution - fourth & fifth finger
Motor features - no ulnar deviation, weakned wrist & finger flexors, weakened 4th & 5th finger flexion, no thumb adduction, loss of most intrinsics (claw hand) |
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Term
| List the spinal cord segment, muscle innervation, sensory distribution, & motor features of paralysis for the sciatic nerve. |
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Definition
Spinal cord segments: L4-S3
Innervates: hamstrings & adductor magnus
Sensory: posterolateral calf, ankle, & heel
Motor features: loss of knee flexion, weak hip ADD, loss of all muscle function below the knee |
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Term
| List the spinal cord segment, muscle innervation, sensory distribution, & motor features of paralysis for the femoral nerve. |
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Definition
Spinal cord segments: L2-4
Innervates: quadriceps, iliacus, pectineus, & sartorius
Sensory: middle anterior thigh & medial thigh proximal to knee
Motor features: loss of hip flexion & knee ext. |
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Term
| List the spinal cord segment, muscle innervation, sensory distribution, & motor features of paralysis for the tibial nerve. |
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Definition
Spinal cord segments: L4-S3
Innervates: gastroc/soleus, plantaris, poplietus, & tib posterior
Sensory: posterolateral calf/ankle/heel
Motor features: loss of plantarflexion & supination |
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Term
| List the spinal cord segment, muscle innervation, sensory distribution, & motor features of paralysis for the superficial fibular nerve. |
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Definition
Spinal cord segments: L5-S2
Muscle innervations: peroneus longus & brevis
Sensory: anterolateral distal lower leg & ankle & most of the dorsum of the foot
Motor features: no eversion |
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Term
| List the spinal cord segment, muscle innervation, sensory distribution, & motor features of paralysis for the deep peroneal nerve. |
|
Definition
Spinal cord segment: L4-S2
Innervates: tib anterior, EHL, EDL, peroneus tertius, 1st & 2nd dorsal interossei, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis
Sensory: web space between the first & second toes on the dorsum of the foot
Motor features: loss of DF, & weakness in foot intrinsics |
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Term
| With a supine-sit test, if the leg is longer in supine and shorter in sitting, it is indicative of a ______. |
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Definition
| anterior innominate rotation on the affected side |
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Term
| With a SLR test, what is indicative of positive findings at 0-30, 30-50, 50-70, & 70-90 degrees? |
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Definition
0-30 - nerve root irritation & hip pathology
30-50 - sciatic nerve
50-70 - HS
70-90 - SIJ |
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Term
| Define gout and what you can do to treat it. |
|
Definition
increased serum uric acid & deposition of uric acid crystals in joints, soft tissues, & kidneys - most often in feet - esp. the great toe, ankle, & mid-foot
treated with anti-inflammatories, colchicine, lowering of uric acid (diet, weight loss, moderation of alcohol intake)
allopurinol to lower hyperuricemia
rest, elevation, & joint protection during acute phase |
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|
Term
| What is Sjogren's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| a rheumatoid disorder characterized by dryness of the mucous membranes, joint inflammation, & anemia |
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|
Term
| With an anterolateral total hip arthroplasty, what motion should be avoided? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| List the glides necessary for early shoulder flexion versus late shoulder flexion. |
|
Definition
early - posterior glide
late - anterior glide |
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|
Term
| List the glides to increase shoulder ABD, IR, ER, & hor. ADD/ABD, & extension |
|
Definition
ABD - inf.
IR - post.
ER - ant.
hor add - post.
hor. ABD - ant.
extension - ant. |
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Term
| List joint glides for radiocarpal/midcarpal wrist flexion, hip ABD, hip ER, hip IR, ankle DF, & ankle PF. |
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Definition
wrist flexion = posterior
hip ABD = inf.
hip ER/ext. = ant.
hip IR/flex = post.
ankle DF = post.
ankle PF = ant. |
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Term
| List joint glides for supination/pro at proximal & distal radioulnar joints. |
|
Definition
prox.
supination = ant.
pronation = post.
distal
supination = post.
pronation = ant. |
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|
Term
| Improper closure of the mandible may cause microtrauma and strain the joint structures, specifically displacing the disc ____ & ____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When the head of the mandible slides ____ on the articular tubercle as the mouth opens, the articular disc slides ____ against the posterior surface of the tubercle. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The TMJ disc is attached to the joint capsule and the ______ muscle. |
|
Definition
| superior lateral pterygoid muscle |
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Term
| The TMJ usually dislocates anteriorly while ____ or _____. Contraction of the head of the lateral pterygoid muscles may do what? |
|
Definition
yawning, taking a large bite
contraction of the lateral pterygoid may cause the head of the mandible to dislocate or pass anterior to the articular tubercle - the mandible remains wide open & the person is unable to close it |
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|
Term
| What are the two movements of the TMJ? |
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Definition
| anterior gliding & hinge like rotation |
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|
Term
| What occurs with the following TMJ movements: mandibular depression, protrusion, lateral excursion. |
|
Definition
mandibular depression (mouth opening)
phase 1: rotation of the condyle around the long axis of the condylar heads & takes place in the first 10-15 mm before entering phase II
Phase II: head of the mandible and articular disc glide anteriorly until the head lies inferior to the articular tubercle - opening = 40 mm
protrusion - anterior movement of mandible in horizontal plane
lateral excursion - mandible moves laterally in horizontal plane & involves anterior translation on contralateral side & spin on ipsilateral side |
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|
Term
| Primary TMJ joint glide is _____. What does this glide do? |
|
Definition
| inferior - gaps the joint, stretches the capsule, and allows relocation of an anteriorly displaced disc |
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|
Term
| To mobilize the cervical spine into L rot. at C7-T1, where should your mobilizing hand be? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most beneficial way to manage long-standing flexion contractures? |
|
Definition
| mechanical stretching with low intensity traction (5-15 lbs) |
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|
Term
| What is the best advice for a patient post Osgood Schlatter syndrome of activities to avoid? |
|
Definition
| squatting & jumping activities - will have FWB |
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|
Term
| List & describe the phases of pitching for baseball. Which puts the most stress on the anterior capsule? |
|
Definition
Wind up - both hands take ball overhead, lift leg up and arms down at side
Cocking - cock arm back into ABD & ER
Acceleration - come forward with ball
Follow-through/Deceleration - follow through with ball down across body.
cocking puts most stress on anterior shoulder capsule. |
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|
Term
| Define the alar ligament & tectorial membrane. |
|
Definition
alar ligament - extend from the sides of the dens to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum - prevents excessive rotation at the joint - with rupture, the dens is free, resulting in AA subluxation (can happen in Down Syndrome)
tectorial membrane - strong superior continuation of the PLL across the AA joint through the foramen magnum to the central floor of the cranial cavity - runs from body of C2 to internal surface of occipital bone & covers alar & transverse ligaments |
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|
Term
| Define the ligamentum flavum. |
|
Definition
| ligamentum flavum - joins lamina of adjacent vertebral arches - form alternating sections of the posterior wall of the vertebral canal - inhibit too much flexion & prevent injury to IV discs |
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|
Term
| Describe the posterior internal impingement test of the shoulder. |
|
Definition
| supine - move SHLDR into 90 deg. ABD, ER, & 20 deg. hor. ABD |
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|
Term
| Describe medial epicondylitis test. |
|
Definition
| move arm from neutral shoulder and 90 deg. flexed at elbow to supination, elbow extension, & extended wrist (all passive) |
|
|
Term
| Describe test for Froment's sign. |
|
Definition
| grasp paper between digits 1 & 2 - tests ulnar nerve weakness - see compensation of IP flexion of thumb d/t weakness of adductor pollicis. |
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|
Term
| Describe pivot shift test of knee. |
|
Definition
| patient supine with knee in extension - hold knee with one hand a foot with other hand - place valgus force through the knee & flex - as knee is being flexed, tibia clunks backward at 30-40 deg. |
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|
Term
| Describe McMurrays test of the knee. |
|
Definition
| patient supine - with knee in max flexion, IR & extend for lat. meniscus & ER & extend for med. meniscus |
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|
Term
| Describe Hughston's plica test. |
|
Definition
| supine - testing knee flexed with tibia IR - passively glide patella medially while palpating medial femoral condyle - feel for popping as you passively flex & extend the knee |
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|
Term
|
Definition
patient sits with shoulders at 90 deg. & palms up - if arms lose their position, could be vestibular condition
add head & neck extension with rot right, then L - if arms lose position, could be vascular in nature |
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|
Term
| Describe transverse lig. stress test. |
|
Definition
| patient supine - glide C1 anterior - should be firm end-feel |
|
|
Term
| Describe the shoulder abduction test. |
|
Definition
sitting - place one hand on top of head - repeat with opp. hand
positive finding is decrease in symptoms into upper limb - indicates compression of neural structures within the intervertebral foramen |
|
|
Term
| Describe Lhermitte's sign. |
|
Definition
| pt. in long sitting - passively flex patient's head & one hip while keeping knee in ext. - repeat with other hip - positive finding is pain down the spine & into the upper or lower limbs - indicates UMN lesion or dysfunction of spinal cord |
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|
Term
|
Definition
identifies UMN lesions
Patient stands & closes eyes for 30 sec - excessive swaying indicates positive finding |
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|
Term
| Describe Lasegue's SLR test |
|
Definition
| patient supine with legs resting on table - Passively flex hip of one leg with knee extended until patient complains of shooting pain into lower limb - slowly lower foot until pain subsides and then passively DF foot - positive is reproduction of pathological neuro symptoms when foot dorsiflexed |
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|
Term
| Describe the Femoral nerve traction test. |
|
Definition
| identifies compression of the femoral nerve anywhere along its course - patient lies on non-painful side with trunk in neutral, head flexed slightly, and lower limb's hip & knee flexed - passively extend hip while knee of painful limb is in extension - if no symptoms, flex knee of painful leg - positive finding is neuro pain in anterior thigh |
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|
Term
| Describe the Valsalva maneuver test. |
|
Definition
| identifies a space occupying lesion. - patient sitting - instruct patient to take a deep breath and hold while they "bare down" as if having a BM - positive is increased LBP or neuro symptoms into LE |
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|
Term
| Describe the stork standing test. |
|
Definition
| identifies a spondylolisthesis - patient standing on one leg - cue patient into trunk extension - repeat with opposite leg on ground - positive finding is pain in the low back with the ipsilateral leg on the ground |
|
|
Term
| Describe McKenzie's side glide test. |
|
Definition
Differentiates between scoliotic curvature versus neuro dysfunction causing abnormal curvature
patient standing - stand to the side of the patient that the upper trunk is shifted towards - place your shoulders into the patient's upper trunk and wrap your arms around the patient's pelvis - stabilize the upper trunk and pull the pelvis to bring the pelvis and trunk into proper alignment. |
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|
Term
| Describe the Bicycle (van Gelderen's) test. |
|
Definition
Differentiates between IC & spinal stenosis. Have patient ride bike while erect and see how long they can ride at a set pace/speed - then have the patient ride the bike at the same speed while in a slumped position.
if pain related to spinal stenosis, should be able to ride bike longer in slumped position |
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|
Term
| Describe the ipsilateral anterior rotation test of the SIJ. |
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Definition
place thumb of hand under PSIS of limb & other thumb on center of sacrum - ask patient to extend hip of limb being tested - assess movement of PSIS via comparison of positions of your thumbs - PSIS should move in a SUPERIOR direction
positive finding is no movement of the PSIS as compared to the sacrum |
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Term
| Describe Gaenslen's test. |
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Definition
| identifies sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Pt. in SL at edge of table while holding bottom leg in max hip & knee flexion - standing behind patient, passively extend hip of uppermost limb - places stress on the SIJ of the uppermost limb - positive finding is pain in the SIJ |
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Term
| Describe the long sitting - supine to sit test. |
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Definition
identifies dysfunction in the SIJ that may be the cause of functional leg length discrepancy
patient supine with correct alignment of the trunk, pelvis, & lower limbs - you stand at the edge of the table by the patient's feet palpating the medial malleoli to assess symmetry tone (one longer than other) - have patient come into long sitting and once again assess leg length, making a comparison between supine & long-sitting positions
abnormal finding is reversal in limb lengths between supine as compared to long sit. |
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Term
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Definition
Differentiates between dysfunction in lumbar spine vs. SIJ
patient supine with fingers in between spinous processes of lumbar spine - with your other hand passively perform a SLR - if pain presents prior to palpation of movement in lumbar segments, dysfunction is related to SIJ. |
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Term
| Describe osteochondritis dessicans. |
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Definition
| a separation of articular cartilage from underlying bone, usually involving the medial femoral condyle near the intercondylar notch, femoral head, talar dome, & humeral capitulum |
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Term
| Costoclavicular syndrome (military brace test) is essentially the same test as _____, but moves the SHLDR down & back, without head extension & shoulder ER. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a good initial treatment for osteochondritis of humeral capitulum? |
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Definition
REST - don't initiate any throwing or UE loading activities
when patient is PAIN FREE, initiate flexibility & strengthening exercises |
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