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| Adenyl Cyclase; membrane bound enzyme that catalyzes conversion of ATP to cAMP, activated by alpha component of G-protein |
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| an intermediate compound in the mechanism of calcium activating myosin light chain |
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| cyclic guanosine monophosphate |
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| a phylum of simple animals, mostly aquatic with ~11000 species, including jellyfish |
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| the body cavity of an anenome, jellyfish, etc. where digestion and nutrient absorption takes place |
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| diacylglycerol; a lipid-soluble messenger molecule (which stays in the cell membrane) that activates PKC (need a cytosolic increase in cytosolic Ca2+ for this to occur) |
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| guanyl cyclase; catalyzes conversion of GTP to cGMP |
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| gastrointestinal tract (a.k.a. “gutâ€: a tube that converts foodstuff into units that are absorbable into cells |
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| organisms that get their carbon from ingesting other living organisms (rather than from CO2) |
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| inositol trisphosphate; water soluble signal molecule which moves through the cytoplasm to open a Ca2+ channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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| product of phospholipid digestion |
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| phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate; cleaves into IP3 (a secondary messenger) and DAG (reaction catalyzed by PLC) |
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| protein kinase C; phosphorylates other substrates |
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| cGMP-dependent protein kinase or Protein Kinase G |
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| phospholipase-C; membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the cleaving of PIP2 into IP3 and DAG |
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| a region of cytoplasm that contains many nuclei |
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| vasoactive intestinal peptide; binds to G-protein-coupled receptor, induces smooth muscle relaxation in the GI tract |
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| The favored physiology term for the mouth |
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| outside layer of GI tract, made of connective tissue; has lots of innervation |
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| muscular layer of GI tract just inside the serosa: comprised of longitudinal muscle (outer) and circular muscle (inner) |
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| outer part of the muscularis externa layer of the GI tract; contraction causes shortening of tube |
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| inner part of the muscularis externa layer of the GI tract; contraction causes reduction of tube diameter |
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| GI tract layer; has lost of connective tissue and is quite squishable; has large vessels and some neurons |
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| GI tract layer: a gathering of cell bodies, comprised of “myenteric plexus†and “submucosal plexus†|
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GI tract layer that does most of the absorption and secretion
Sub-layers:
1) mucous membrane (epithelial cells)
2) lamina propria: lots of connective tissue; has capillaries, nerves, lymphatic vessels; is distensible
3) muscularis mucosa: affects folding of mucosa |
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| sarcoplasmic reticulum; the endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells; it stores Ca2+ which is released to trigger muscle contraction |
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