Term
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Definition
*No placentas
*Egg laying; sex determination w/ 5 pairs chromo
(EX):
PLATYPUS
*Males have poison in glands in the legs
*Sex dimorphic
ECHIDNA
*Not sex dimorphic
*Breeding season: Female is in front all males in back
*Lays and egg and carries w/ her |
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Term
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Definition
*No placenta
-Manage by baby born early attaches to teat inside pouch
-short gestation (12-22d); could be born in a shorter time than estrus length
*Sex determination w/ X and Y
*Duplex uteri
-Allows other uterus to have 2nd embryo
*Common cloaca (urine, feces, repro connect)
-Urogenital sinus doesnt develop to sep exits
*Have lrg oocyte
-2x lrger oocyte than placental mammals, ZP thin
*During division cells stick to ZP (instead of e. other)
*Prod 2 kinds of milk |
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Term
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Definition
*Have placentas
*Sex determination w/ X and Y |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL: 1 oocyte : 1 follicle
EXCEPTION:
*Plains Viscacha
* Tenrec ⇒ have several oocyte:follicle, so @ ovulation, several released |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL: bilateral sides of oviduct, uterus, etc
EXCEPTION:
* Mountain Viscacha ⇒ only right ovary (one ovary and still good repro) |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL: cloaca
EXCEPTION:
*??? ⇒ some marsupials have developed vagina (lateral and median)
Sperm reach duplex uterus → through lateral → delivery through median |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL: 4-24d
EXCEPTION:
* Elephant ⇒ 15w |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL: pulsatile LH & FSH & big LH near begin of cycle
EXCEPTION:
* Elephant ⇒ 2 LH surge, 3w apart (2nd induces ovulation) |
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Term
| # OOCYTE OVULATED VS OFFSPRING |
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Definition
NORMAL: # oocyte = # offspring
EXCEPTION:
* Plains Viscacha ⇒ avg 300-800 oocytes; can also ovulate when preg
*Elephant Shrew ⇒ avg 50 -150 oocytes
Can have addn follicles that dont ovulate and turn into CL |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL: 1:1 million
EXCEPTION:
*Antechinus ⇒ 1: 7
Monoestrous (1 cyc yr)
Have breeding area (male not lots of sperm, 2 layers in testis)
LEKK SIT- male breed female (12hr)
-Ejac done @3hr
-12hr prevents other from breed and stim sperm transport |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL: oviduct
EXCEPTION:
*Tenrac ⇒ fert in follicle
Diff type of follicle b/c sperm cant get through (looser struct) |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL: # ovulated= # born
EXCEPTION:
* Plains Viscacha ⇒ low fert rate (7 embryos, 2 survive)
* Elephant Shrew ⇒ high fert rate (???, 2 survive) 4
**For other mammals, would be a waste of E |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL: ???
EXCEPTION:
9 banded armadillo ⇒ after blastocyst forms, divide into 4 embryos = 4 twins |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL: females have ovary
EXCEPTION:
*European Star Nosed Mole ⇒ has ovotesits
SPRING, SUMMER: ovary → ovulates
FALL: ovary produces testosterone (cells look like Leydig) |
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Term
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Definition
EMBRYONIC DIAPAUSE- oocyte fertizled b4 or after maternal/fetal blood iplantation goes into interval of slow / no devleop (arrested/ retarded); after period of time → cont; variable triggers
OBLIGATE- undergo every year
FACULTATIVE- only when needed for survival
* Roe Deer ⇒ breed in Aug (5m gesta), want to be born in April so go into diapause in Dec
* Wallaby ⇒ so can raise mult at another time
* Bats ⇒ has 2 preg yr (1st: diapause; 2nd: no diapause) = env condition
* Mink ⇒ multiple diapuase
Ovulates & fert → diapause → 2nd ovulate and fert → diapause → @ spring equinox = implantation and resume embryo develop
Superfetation b/c embryos developing from mult intervals of ovulation
Allows for lrg litter born |
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