Term
| Vitamin E: Function, deficiency s/s, interactions |
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Definition
Function: anti-oxidant, immune, widens blood cells
S/S: nerve, muscle, weakened immune system
interactions: cholesterol-lowering meds decrease vitamin E, weight loss products decrease fat-soluble vitamins, beta-blockers |
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Term
| Vitamin K: Function, deficiency s/s, interactions, supplements |
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Definition
Function: clotting, bone mineralization
S/S: hemorrhage, vitamin K deficiency bleeding
Interactions: warfarin/Coumadin
Supplements: Shot given to newborns |
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Term
| Vitamin D: Function, deficiency s/s, interactions, supplements |
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Definition
Function: immune, calcium absorption, muscular/nervous
S/S: bone pain, rickets (kids), osteomalacia (adults)
Interactions: Bile sequestrants and weight loss meds decrease vitamin D
Supplements: 400 IUs to newborns |
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Term
| Vitamin B12: Function, deficiency s/s, interactions, B-complex interactions |
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Definition
Function: nervous, hematic systems, DNA synthesis (allows RBCs to divide more quickly)
S/S: fatigue, weakness, weight loss, pernicious anemia, can cause permanent nerve damage
Interactions: proton pump inhibitors/histamine antagonists/metformin all decrease B12
B-Complex interactions: tetracycline is not absorbed with lots of B12, long term antibiotics decrease B12 |
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Term
| Vitamin C: Function, deficiency s/s, interactions |
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Definition
Function: antioxidant, collagen (bones and skin), immune function, iron absorption
S/S: fatigue, bruising, bleeding gums, anemia
Interactions: Aspirin and NSAIDs decrease C (more excreted in urine), lots of Vitamin C decreases Tylenol |
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Term
| Calcium: Function, deficiency s/s, interactions |
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Definition
Function: bone, muscle contraction, clotting, transport
S/S: osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets (similar to Vitamin D)
Severe deficiency: Numbness and tingling in fingers, convulsions, abnormal heart rhythms
Interactions: Vitamin C decreases the absorption of iron and zinc, too much can cause kidney stones and CV disease, calcium can reduce absorption of bisphosphonates, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, and levothyroxine |
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Term
| Iron: Function, deficiency s/s, overload s/s, interactions |
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Definition
Function: carries oxygen, cell growth and differentiation
Deficiency: fatigue, decreased immunity
Overload: hemochromatosis (increased absorption) -- 200 mg can kill a child
Interactions: Fe decreases effectiveness of levothyroxine, BC increases iron levels |
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Term
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Definition
Function: Fluid and acid/base balance, neuron action potentials
-- hypertension, edema, and renal disorders lead to sodium restriction |
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Term
| Iodine: Function, deficiency s/s |
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Definition
Function: thyroid hormones, metabolism, brain/bone development
S/S: goiter, cretinism/decreased IQ ** make sure pregnant women get enough ** |
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Term
| Potassium: Function, interactions |
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Definition
Function: fluid balance, cardiac muscle contraction
Interactions: diuretics (thiazide and furosemide) decrease potassium, ACE inhibitors (lisonopril)/K+ sparing diuretics (spironolactone) increase potassium |
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Term
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Definition
| Function: bone structure and decreased tooth decay |
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