Term
Therapeutic cloning
First source
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Definition
http://www.explorestemcells.co.uk/therapeuticcloning.html |
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Term
Therapeutic Cloning T1.
What is therapeutic cloning
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Definition
In therapeutic cloning, no sperm fertilisation is involved nor is there implantation into the uterus to create a child |
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Term
Therapeutic Cloning T1.
How is Therapeutic Cloning Performed? |
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Definition
In this procedure, a researcher extracts the nucleus from an egg. The nucleus holds the genetic material for a human or laboratory animal. Scientists then take a somatic cell, which is any body cell other than an egg or sperm, and also extract the nucleus from this cell. |
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Term
Therapeutic Cloning T1.
How is Therapeutic Cloning Performed? 2. |
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Definition
In practical human applications, the somatic cell would be taken from a patient who requires a stem cell transplant to treat a health condition or disease. |
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Term
Therapeutic Cloning T1.
Benefits of Therapeutic Cloning |
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Definition
A major benefit of therapeutic cloning is that the cells removed are pluripotent. Pluripotent cells can give rise to all cells in the body with the exception of the embryo. |
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Term
Therapeutic Cloning T1.
Benefits of Therapeutic Cloning. 2 |
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Definition
This means that pluripotent cells can potentially treat diseases in any body organ or tissue by replacing damaged and dysfunctional cells. |
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Term
Therapeutic Cloning T1. Benefits of Therapeutic Cloning. 3 |
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Definition
Another distinct advantage to this type of therapy is that the risk of immunological rejection is alleviated because the patient's own genetic material is used. |
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Term
Therapeutic Cloning T1.
Benefits of Therapeutic Cloning. 4 |
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Definition
If a cell line were created with cells from another individual, the patient's body would be more likely to recognise the foreign proteins and then wage an attack on the transplanted cells. |
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Term
Therapeutic Cloning T1.
Problems with Therapeutic Cloning |
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Definition
One problem with therapeutic cloning is that many attempts are often required to create a viable egg. The stability of the egg with the infused somatic nucleus is poor and it can require hundreds of attempts before success is attained. |
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Term
Therapeutic Cloning T1.
Problems with Therapeutic Cloning. 2 |
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Definition
| Therapeutic cloning does result in the destruction of an embryo after stem cells are extracted and this destruction has stirred controversy over the morality of the procedure. Some argue that the pros outweigh the cons with regards to treating disease whilst others have likened the destruction to an abortion. Still others state that this doesn't change the fact the embryo could potentially be a human being and so destruction of the embryo is no different than destruction of a human life. |
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Term
Therapeutic Cloning T1.
Problems with Therapeutic Cloning. 3 |
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Definition
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Term
Reproductive cloning
First source |
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Definition
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-reproductive-cloning.htm |
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Term
Reproductive cloning R1.
What is reproductive cloning
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Definition
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-reproductive-cloning.htm |
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Term
Reproductive cloning 'R1.
In somatic cell nuclear transfer |
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Definition
| In somatic cell nuclear transfer, scientists extract the nucleus of a somatic cell, a cell which can come from anywhere in the body, and insert it into an egg which has had its nucleus removed. The egg is stimulated, and it begins dividing and growing, developing into an embryo which can be implanted into a gestational surrogate and carried to term. |
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Term
Reproductive cloning 'R1.
Disadvantage |
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Definition
| lones appear to have shorter lifespans, leading to concerns about the disadvantages of reproductive cloning. There is also the risk of losing genetic diversity as a result of using cloning, especially in the agricultural industry, |
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Term
Reproductive cloning 'R1.
Disadvantage |
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Definition
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Term
Reproductive cloning R2.
What is Reproductive cloning |
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Definition
Reproductive cloning is performed with the express intent of creating another organism. This organism is the exact duplicate of one that already exists or has existed in the past. Cloning of plants, animals, and humans falls into the class of reproductive cloning. |
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Term
Therapeutic cloning
Second source
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Definition
http://www.pregnancy-info.net/StemCell/therapeutic_vs_reproductive.html
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Term
Therapeutic cloning T2.
How is Therapeutic Cloning Performed |
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Definition
The therapeutic cloning process is very similar to that of reproductive cloning, however, instead of implanting the dividing embryo into a host, it's stem cells are removed and the embryo dies. A cell is removed from the patient requiring medical treatment. The nucleus of this cell is removed and inserted into an empty donor egg. Division is encouraged through the use of special chemicals or an electric current. The resulting embryonic stem cells are then removed from this embryo and used to treat the patient.
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Term
Therapeutic cloning R2.
Cord Blood Stem Cells and Cloning
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Definition
| If you have chosen to store your child's cord blood, these umbilical stem cells can be used to help treat him in the event of illness or disease. In the future, it may be possible to use cloning techniques to help reproduce these stem cells, so that more are available for your family's use. |
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