Term
|
Definition
Larger
Irregulary-shaped
Dark, basophilic cytoplasm
Look like Monocytes
aka Reactive or Activated Lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increase in lymphocytes
>4 x 10^9 |
|
|
Term
| Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) |
|
Definition
Lymphocytosis
Caused by Epstein-Barr
Symptoms include lethargy, headache, fever, chills, sore throat, nausea, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen, and enlarged liver
Self-limiting
Increased vulnerability to infection
Diagnosed by the Heterophile Antibody Test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reactive lymphocytes
WBC Count: 12-25 x 10^9 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Caused by Toxoplasma gondii
Negative Heterophile Antibody Test
Found in all cells but RBC's
Found in cat feces
Can be passed congenitally after it is acquired
Can cause jaundice, micro-encephaly and other problems in the fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Herpes-Group Virus
Acquired or passed congenitally
Leukocytosis with Absolute Lymphocytosis
Virus found in the urine or blood
Symptoms similar to Mono
Suppresses cell-mediated immunity functions
-Decreases T-Helper Cells
-Increases T-Suppressor Cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Leukocytosis of 40-50 x 10^9
60-70% lymphocytes
Occurs in children
Leukocytosis and lymphocytosis occur during the first week and then go away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka Whooping Cough
Lymphocytosis
Lymphocyte count: 15-25 x 10^9
Absolute lymphocytosis
Small lymphocytes
Toxic changes in the granulocytes |
|
|
Term
| Lymphocytic Leukemoid Reaction |
|
Definition
Relative Lymphocytosis
Rarely, Absolute Lymphocytosis
Large, reactive lymphocytes
Deep, blue cytoplasm with fine chromatin and vacuoles
Bone marrow shows minimal or no increase in lymphocytes
Seen in younger people
Can be confused with CLL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Can be caused by rubeola infections, skin diseases (Sarcoidosis), or cirrhosis of the liver
Increase in plasmacytes
-plasma cells not seen in the peripheral blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decrease in lymphocytes
Absolute lymphocyte count: <1 x 10^9
Results in an inability to mount an immune response
Can be caused by malnutrition, neoplasms, Hodgkin's disease, chemotherapy, inflammation, or stress |
|
|
Term
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) |
|
Definition
Caused by Rotavirus HIV-1
Causes other problems in the body because of the immune deficiency
Macrocytic Anemia
3 Stages
Opportunistic infection or other clinical conditions associated with cell-mediated immune defects
CD4 Count: >200 cells/uL
Screened for using an Antibody Test
Confirmed using Western Blot
Monitored using CD4 counts and viral loads
-Determines disease progress |
|
|
Term
| Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCIDS) |
|
Definition
Group of disorders that cause major qualitative immune defects
Decreased absolute lymphocyte count
T- and B-lymphocyte systems are decreased
-Affects both the humoral and cellular immune responses
Most people die within the first 2 years of life
Sex-linked
Decreased IgG, IgA, IgE
Normal IgM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recessive
Sex-linked
Eczema, thrombocytopenia, immunodeficiency
Causes abnormal antibody production
-Decreased IgM
-Results in low/absent blood group antibodies
Decreased T-lymphocytes
Decreased platelets
-Results in abnormal bleeding
Most die before age 10 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Absence or hypoplasia of the thymus
-Results in no T-cells
-Leads to increased susceptibility to viral, fungal, and bacterial infection
Symptoms include hypoparathyroidism, heart defects, dysmorphic face, and hypocalcemia
Decreased CD4
Normal levels of antibodies
Death usually occurs within the first year of life |
|
|
Term
| Sex-linked Agammaglobulinemia |
|
Definition
aka Burton's Disease
Sex-linked
Respiratory and skin infections
Decreased or no T-lymphocytes
-Results in decreased or no antibodies
Therapy is gammaglobulin injections |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary Ataxia-Telangiectasia |
|
Definition
Autosomal recessive
Symptoms include neurological disease, immune dysfunction, predisposition for malignancy, chronic respiratory infections, and lymphoid malignancies
Causes a defective cell-mediated immunity and dysplasia or hyperplasia of the thymus
Decreased IgG, IgA, IgE
Normal IgM |
|
|
