Term
|
Definition
hydrous Cr Mg Carbonate Purple, found with serpentine |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Pb5(PO4)3Cl Teenage Ninja Turtle Green |
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Term
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Definition
Hydrous Mg carbonate White, earthy |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous Cu Carbonate baby blue, crystalline or filling in cracks |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
HgS, bright red, not brick red |
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Term
|
Definition
(Co,Fe)AsS Grey w/pink weathering Erythrite |
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Term
|
Definition
ZnCO3 Botryoidal w/rhomb/diamond faces |
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Term
|
Definition
(Fe,Ni)9S8 Bronze Colour, not magnetic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
U O2, black, pitchy, w/ carnotite |
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Term
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Definition
Ca tungstate, strong blue/.white fluorescence |
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Term
|
Definition
Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH,Cl), gemmy, H=5 |
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Term
|
Definition
PbCO3 - clear, conchoidal fracture, heavy |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous K Al Sulfate, creamy, white, common with jarosite |
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Term
|
Definition
Fe(1-x)S, bronze and magnetic |
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Term
|
Definition
Hydrous Cu Sulfate, Superman Blue |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous Cu Carbonate, green, common with azurite |
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Term
|
Definition
Mg(OH)2, looks like gypsum, rhombohedral |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous zinc arsenate, yellowish in limonite cavities |
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Term
|
Definition
(Fe,Mg) Tungstate - radiating dark, Fe rich is ferberite, brown is Huebnerite |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
PbMoO4 - orangey tetragonal mineral |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous Cu Carbonate, blue, common with Malachite |
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Term
|
Definition
CaSo4*H2O - can be selenite (clear) or gypsum H=2.5, but lighter than barite |
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Term
|
Definition
Cu12Sb4S13 - Cu12As4S13 - dark grey, greenish, isometric |
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Term
|
Definition
BaSO4 - can be roses, anything that looks like gypsum but is heavier, or those sand balls |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous AlFeMg Phosphate, blue monoclinic flakes in a rock |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous Co arsenate - pink mineral on cobaltite |
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Term
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Definition
Ba Mn oxy-hydroxide, black, somewhat shiny, hard, often botryoidal |
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Term
|
Definition
Sb2S3 - shiny blue blades, kind of like kaolinite |
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Term
|
Definition
CaF2 - oinion skin, tetrahedrons, botryoidal |
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Term
|
Definition
(Fe,Mn)PO4*H2O gay purple, not with serpentine |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Al2O3, hexagonal, pegmatite, H=9 |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous K Fe Sulfate - orange limonite |
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Term
|
Definition
ZnAl2O4 - little round dots in schists |
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Term
|
Definition
(Zn,Fe,Mn)(Fe,Mn)2O4 - magnetic, with Zincite and Calcite |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
ZnO, lab floor red, with Franklinite |
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Term
|
Definition
FeO(OH) Limonite like we're used to |
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Term
|
Definition
MoS2 - silver blue in pegmatite, soft |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous Cu Chloride, not found with Azurite |
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Term
|
Definition
FeS2 - octohedrons, cubes |
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Term
|
Definition
TiO2 - redbrown, translucent on the edges, striated |
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Term
|
Definition
FeTiO3 - black, pitchy, lightly magnetic |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous Al Phosphate, green yellow bullseyes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Cu5FeS4 - dark purple, sooty, blues and greens and purples, not reds |
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Term
|
Definition
MnO2 - dark black and sooty |
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Term
|
Definition
FeCr2O4 - black, found with olivine |
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Term
|
Definition
MgCO3 - white, chalky, fractures in ultramafic rocks |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous CaU phosphate - yellow mica flakes with torbernite |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous Fe sulfate - green limonite |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
hydrated Na Borate - fluffy white powder |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous Cu Phosphate - colour can be in cracks |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
Hydrous CuU phosphate - green mica on pegmatite, common with autunite |
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Term
|
Definition
SrSO4 - dark sky grey, lighter than barite |
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Term
|
Definition
FeS2 - orthorhombic pyrite |
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Term
|
Definition
SnO2 - tetragonal prism, heavy, brown, white streak |
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Term
|
Definition
AgSb3S3-AgAsS3 - dark but with ruby undertones |
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Term
|
Definition
Cu2S - blackish tarnish, blue, metallic luster |
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|
Term
|
Definition
hydrous Al phosphate - 60s green |
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|
Term
|
Definition
hydrous Ca borate - white and terrible to ID |
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Term
|
Definition
hydrous Fe phosphate - see-through green plaid |
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Term
|
Definition
FeCO3 - Fe analogue of calcite |
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|
Term
|
Definition
AlOOH-Al(OH)3 - in bauxite |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Cu3AsS4 - dark black flashy, can be oval orthorhombic prisms |
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|
Term
|
Definition
hydrous Na Ca borate - TV rock |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Fe3O4 - it's black and really magnetic |
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|
Term
|
Definition
CuS - Indigo blue metallic |
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|
Term
Name six minerals that can be botryoidal |
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Definition
Rhodochrosite, hematite, romanechite, smithsonite, calcite, malachite |
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|
Term
Name some minerals associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks |
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Definition
Chromite, Pentlandite, native platinum, brucite, magnesite, hydromagnesite, stichtite |
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|
Term
Name seven orthorhombic minerals |
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Definition
Native Sulfur, Marcasite, Arsenopyrite, Stibnite, Enargite, Barite, Celestite |
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|
Term
Name a bunch of tetragonal minerals |
|
Definition
Chalcopyrite, Cassiterite, Rutile |
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|
Term
Name some high temperature vein minerals |
|
Definition
Molybedenite, Niccolite, Arsenopyrite, Pyrolusite, Cassiterite |
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|
Term
Name a bunch of hot springs minerals |
|
Definition
Sulfur, Sinter, Orpiment and Realgar, Cinnabar, Pyargyrite-prousite |
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|
Term
Name some epithermal vein minerals |
|
Definition
Cinnabar, Orpiment and Realgar, Native Silver, Arsenic, Gold, Pyargyrite-Proustite, Tetrahedrite-tennantite, Enargite |
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|
Term
Name some common accesory minerals |
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Definition
Rutile, Illmenite, Magnetite |
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|
Term
Pentlandite - Associations Where is it found? |
|
Definition
(Fe,Ni)9S8 Bronze colour, not magnetite Main Ni mineral, always associated with mafic & Ultra mafic Rxs, the biggest deposit is in Sudberry |
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|
Term
Corundum What makes Rubies? Cleavages? Source? What colours Rubies and Sapphires |
|
Definition
Al2)3, hexagonal prisms, 2 good cleavages. Metamorphic & pegmatite mineral, sapphire is colour by Ti, Ruby by Cr |
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|
Term
Molybedenite System? Where is it found? |
|
Definition
MoS2, hexagonal, high temperature vein mineral and pegmatites |
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|
Term
Realgar Associations? Found in? |
|
Definition
As2S3, reddish mineral with Orpiment, found in hot springs |
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|
Term
Niccolite Use? Colour? Associations? |
|
Definition
NiAs mettalic, peachy colour, source of Ni, high temperature vein mineral, sometimes with Cobaltite |
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|
Term
Specular Hematite source? |
|
Definition
Metamorphic and igneous veins |
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|
Term
Galens Use? Associations? Source? |
|
Definition
PbS Used for Pb. Associated with Sphalerite, Chalcopyrite, Fluorite, Calcite. Found in black smokers and veins |
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|
Term
Sphalerite - source? Color changes? |
|
Definition
Can be darker b/c of oil inclusions. Forms in veins but also in warm H20 ground water that picks up Zn and deposits it in old caves called MVTs. |
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|
Term
Name some minerals that have obscure uses |
|
Definition
Galena - Pb for car batteries Stibnite - Sb for flame retardants Rutile - TiO2 for reflective paint |
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|
Term
Arsenopyrite - source? System? |
|
Definition
FeAsS. High temperature vein mineral. Orthorhombic. Silvery pyrite |
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|
Term
Cobaltite - associations? Use? Source? |
|
Definition
(Co,Fe)AsS Silvery Grey, weathers to a pink erythrite, niccolite association. Used for cobalt. It occurs in high temperature hydrothermal deposits and contact metamorphic rocks. |
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|
Term
Brucite - luster? System? Source? Associations? |
|
Definition
Mg(OH)2 pearly luster. Rhombohedral, weathering product of ultramafic rocks or dolomites, can have some chromites. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Ag2S Dark and Soft. Main Ag Ore |
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|
Term
Pyrite - system? Habit? Source? |
|
Definition
FeS2 - isometric, cubes, pyritohedrons or octahedrons. Can form as precipitate from black smokers or as concretions. Found also in igneous and metamorphic veins |
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|
Term
Marcasite - system? Source? Why? |
|
Definition
FeS2 - pyrite with cockscomb structure. Polymorph of pyrite. Orthorhombic, not isometric. Low temperature vein mineral or in coal or swampy deposits. Occurs when FeS2 grows fast, pyrite when slow |
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|
Term
Franklinite - source? Group? Associations? |
|
Definition
(Zn,Fe,Mn)(Fe,Mn)2O4 Steel gray, magnetic, often w/zincite, dark brown streak. Part of the Spinel group. Found with metamorphosed black smokers. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
ZnAl2O4 dark green, round, octahedrons, forms from metamorphosed black smoker deposits, often in schists, quartzite. Spinel Group |
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|
Term
Chromite - source? Group? Use? |
|
Definition
FeCr2O4, black subrounded grains in ultramafic rocks or rocks associated with ultramaficness. Olivine association, brown streak. Always in ultramafic rocks, alloyed with steel, common in dunites, also common with Mg rich pyroxenes. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Zincite - source? Colour? Associations? |
|
Definition
ZnO orange/red, often with Franklinite, Lab floor colour. Metamorphosed black smoker deposits. |
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|
Term
Halite - cleavage? Group? |
|
Definition
NaCl, evaporite, second in order of evaporation from seawater. Halide group |
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|
Term
|
Definition
AgCl, Silver chloride, soluble, what you get when you weather a silver deposit in an arid environment |
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|
Term
Atacamite - associations? Colour? Origin? Form? |
|
Definition
Hydrous Cu chloride. Not associted with azurite, but with gypsum. Blueish kelly green. Source from the weathering of Cu minerals. |
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|
Term
Fluorite - cleavages? System? Skin? Association? Source? |
|
Definition
CaF2, 4 cleavages into tetrahedron. Isometric system, oiniony skin, associated with galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite. Forms in low temperature veins, MVTs. |
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|
Term
Cryolite - Use? Luster? Formula? |
|
Definition
Na3AlF6 - USed as flux in Al smelting. waxy luster, boring white. |
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|
Term
Nitre & sodanitre -source? Use? |
|
Definition
puffy white powder. Cave mineral, formed by dissolving Na or K out of Rxs( usually clay minerals), extremely soluble. Also an evaporite in the desert. Used for making black powder. |
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|
Term
Kernite - System? Origin? |
|
Definition
Hydrated Na borate. Monoclinic, evaporite |
|
|
Term
Celestite - Source? Associations? System? |
|
Definition
SrSO4 - sky gray blue, orthorhombic. Found where warm water, typically from hot springs, has passed through a limeston. Also found in salt domes, and so associated with native sulphur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4 Rare Earth Element phosphate. Pegmatite mineral, used in modern tech, also oil refining. |
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|
Term
Apatite - types? System? Uses? Source? Rarity? |
|
Definition
Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH,Cl) fluroapatie, chlror apaties, and hydroxy apatites. Hexagonal prisms. Commonly in LS as collophane, but also in igneous and metamorphic rocks, it's a primary mineral, the world's most common phosphate. |
|
|
Term
Wavelite - source? Founds? |
|
Definition
Hydrous Al phosphate Secondary mineral formed in weather phosphatic limestones. Found in fractures. |
|
|
Term
Colmanite - system? Source? |
|
Definition
Hydrous Ca Borate - thin, bladed clear XLS, mono clinic. Evaporite |
|
|
Term
Ulexite - source? System? |
|
Definition
Hydrated Na/Ca borate - triclinic and fibrous. TV rocks. Evaporite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hydrated Na borate - hexagonal outline, fluffy powder. Monoclinic. Evaporite in desert |
|
|
Term
Stichtite - Associations? Colour? |
|
Definition
hydrous Mg Carbonate - associated with serpentine, other ultramafic rocks. Forms from weathering of ultramafic rxs or from serpentine - a talc like feel. |
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|
Term
hydromagnesiste - associations? Equivalences? |
|
Definition
'hydrous' Mg Carbonate. Very similar to magnesite, formed from weathering Ultramafic/Dolometic Rxs. Common w/dunnite and serpentine. |
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|
Term
Trona - Source? Associations? Luster? |
|
Definition
Hydrated Sodium Carbonate. Forms in salt flats and alkaline lakes, wherever there are high Na concentrations and high evaporation rates. Can also form from carbonitite magmas. Radial XLS with waxy luster. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
KCl bittersalty - hallide |
|
|
Term
Lazulite - weathered from? System? |
|
Definition
hydrous Mg/Fe/Al Phosphate - sky blue monoclinic grains. Primary mineral. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hydrated Fe Phosphate - Dark green translucent. 1 cleavage, weathering mineral, also in pegmatites. |
|
|
Term
Ankerite - Source? Equivalance? |
|
Definition
CaFe(CO3)2 Fe analog, for dolomite, low temperature vein mineral, forms in Fe-rich carbonate Rxs. |
|
|
Term
Malachite - source? Texture? |
|
Definition
Cu2CO3(OH2) Green coating with azurite. Monoclinic. Weathering zone of any Cu-bearing mineral. Can be druzy or velvet. |
|
|
Term
Dolomite - source story? Shape? |
|
Definition
CaMg(CO3)2 Rhombohedral saddle crystals, pinkish. Tidal flats, sahbkas. Lime muds change to dolomitic muds as Mg= buidls up in tidal poolks from evaporating sea water and starts to replace Ca+ XLS are everywhere Mg+CaCO3. Also found in MVTs. |
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|
Term
Cerussite - fracture? Source? Association? |
|
Definition
PbCO3 - conchoidal fracture, forms from weathering of primary Pb minerals like Galena - commonly found with smithsonite or galena. |
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|
Term
Barite - use? Source? System? Associations? |
|
Definition
BaSO4 - used to give weight to drilling muds. Founds in low temperature veins or MVTs. Can also be Balls, blades, fibrous, Sand XLS. Associated with galena, sphalerite, fluorite, chalcopyrite. |
|
|
Term
Pyromorphite - colour? Luster? |
|
Definition
TNMNT Green, brilliant luster. Weathering mineral, can be botryoidal, heavy. |
|
|
Term
Purpurite - source? Formula? Hardness? |
|
Definition
Hydrated Fe/Mn Phosphate kool-aid purple. Forms from weathering Fe/Mn rxs with some P in them. |
|
|
Term
Aurichalcite - source? Associations? System? |
|
Definition
hydrous Zn/Cu Carbonate - robin's egg blue, monoclinic. Very soft, weathering product from Cu & Zn Rocks. Associated with limonite. |
|
|
Term
Azurite - Source? Associations? Forms? |
|
Definition
Hydrous copper carbonate - blue with malachite. Translucent, sparkly, weathering mineral from CU bearing minerals. Concretions or XLS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
YPO4, pegmatite mineral, rare earth element mineral. |
|
|
Term
Magnesiste - source? Found in? |
|
Definition
MgCO3 - earthy, chalky white. Comes from the weathering of ultramafic/dolomite Rxs. Found in fractures of ultramafic rocks. |
|
|
Term
Autunite - source? Parent? Association? Color? |
|
Definition
Hydrated Ca/U Phosphate - yellow mica on pegmatites. U originated in Zircon, where U substitutes for Zr. Common with torbernite. |
|
|
Term
Turquoise - Hardness? Use? Weathers from? Found? |
|
Definition
hydrated Cu/Al Phosphate - baby blue with conchoidal fracture, H=6. Forms from the weathering of Chalcopyrite, found in fractures for the most part. |
|
|
Term
Torbernite - associations? Color? |
|
Definition
hydrated Cu/U Phosphate - flakes or coating only in pegmatite, green in mica. Common with autunite |
|
|
Term
Name a bunch of pegmatite minerals |
|
Definition
Molybedenite, corundum, cassiterite, columbite-tantalite, tourmalines, spessartine, monazite, xenotine, vivianite, autunite, torbernite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aragonite, witherite, strontianite, cerussite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MnCO3, Pink botryoidal. Formed by weathering Moly, tetrahedrite. Can be dark pink when translucent. Can be in veins too. |
|
|
Term
Columbite - Tantalite Use? Source? |
|
Definition
(Fe,Mn)Nb2O6- (Fe,Mn)Ta2O6 used for steel alloys, found in pegmatites |
|
|
Term
Pyrargyrite-Proustite Use? Source? |
|
Definition
Ag3Sb3S3-Ag2AsS3 Ruby undertones, most important Ag mineral. Forms in epithermal veins and hotsprings. |
|
|
Term
Tetrahedrite - Tennantite System? Source? Use? |
|
Definition
Cu12Sb4S13 - Cu12As4S13 Dark grey, greenish, tetrahedrous, isometric. Epithermal veins |
|
|
Term
Enargite - Association? Source? |
|
Definition
CuAsS4 Very dark grey, lots of cleavage, orthorhombic. Epithermal near surface vein, ofetn forms with Au. Flashy and dark |
|
|
Term
Sperrylite - Use? Associations? |
|
Definition
PtAs2 Most common Pt ore, ussually with Ultramafic Rocks, much more common than native Pt. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NiS Occurs with pentlandite, arsenopyrite and cobaltite. |
|
|
Term
Native Sulphur - forms? Use? |
|
Definition
forms in hot springs and in salt domes. Used to make sulphuric acid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vein mineral, typical of epithermal minerals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hydrothermal veins, H2O released from a magma by a fracture jets into colder seawater and releases au& Ag & Qtz as a precipitate. 2.) Metamorphic vein- large volume of rocks with small % of Au. Compression allows warm H20 to circulat and gold is leacher out and then precipitates out through fractures in the metamorphosing rocks. |
|
|
Term
Graphite - Origin? Bondage? |
|
Definition
Hexagonal, mainly forms by metamorphosing rocks with a reasonable amount of Carbon in them. Often found in black shales, orhter rocks with floral or faunal C deposits. Held together by Van der Waals bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not from earth, but from meteorites. Wiedmanstatten patterns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cu2S forms from weathering Cu bearing minerals. Found in cracks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hexagonal crystals, brown, magnetic, variable Fe:S ratio. Fe(1-x)S |
|
|
Term
Name a bunch of low temperature vein minerals |
|
Definition
marcasite, native silver, manganite, calcite, ankerite, chalcopyrite, fluorite. |
|
|
Term
Name some monoclinic minerals |
|
Definition
Lazulite, sphene, gypsum, aurichalcite, kernite, borax, colemanite |
|
|
Term
Name some rhombohedral minerals |
|
Definition
Brucite, Calcite, Siderite, Smithsonite, Dolomite |
|
|
Term
What are the minerals that will precipitate out of seawater? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name a bunch of isometric minerals |
|
Definition
Diamond, pyrite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, fluorite, garnet |
|
|
Term
Name a bunch of black smoker deposited minerals |
|
Definition
Pyrite, Galena, Zincite, pyrolusite, Gahnite, Franklinite, Romanechite, Rhodochrosite, Rhodonite |
|
|
Term
NAme some minerals you can ID by sense |
|
Definition
Halite, talc, sylvite, stichtite, graphite, arsenopyrite |
|
|
Term
Name some minerals with useful streaks |
|
Definition
Hematite, Chromite, Cassiterite, RUtile, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Franklinite |
|
|
Term
Name a bunch of MVT deposited minerals |
|
Definition
sphalerite, dolomite, fluorite |
|
|
Term
Names some placer minerals |
|
Definition
Rutile, Cassiterite, Gold, Magnetite |
|
|
Term
Describe the development of porphoritic rock |
|
Definition
1.) There is a hydrous magma 2.) The solids crystallize in large grains, increasing H2O content 3.) PRessure builds up until 4.) Rocks fracture 5.) Fractures are filled with rapidly growing fine grained qtz and other minerals 6.) Ends with large crystals surrounded by fine grained matrix. |
|
|
Term
Names some ores and their results |
|
Definition
Niccolite - Ni, Galena, Pb, Chalcopyrite- Cu, Bornite - Cu, Argentite - Ag, Pentlandite - Ni, Cobaltite - Co, Pyrargyrite - Proustite - Ag, Sperrylite - Ni, Rutile - Ti, Pyrolusite - Mn, Uraninite - U |
|
|
Term
Name some weathered minerals |
|
Definition
Cuprite, Earthy hematite, Brucite, Diaspor &Gibbsite, Romanechite, Magnesite, Rhodochrosite, Malachite, Vivianite, Azurite, Turquoise, Wavelite, Aurichalcite, Variscite |
|
|
Term
Name some minerals w/conchoidal fractures |
|
Definition
Qtz, Alunite, Turqoise, Cerussite, Apatite, Garnet, Schorl |
|
|
Term
Name some awesome minerals |
|
Definition
Uraninite, Siderite, BIF, Variscite, Wavelite,, Ulexite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Magnetite,Chromite, Gahnite, Spinel, Franklinite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
JArrosite, Melanterite, Goethite, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Calcite,Magnesite,Siderite, Rhodochrosite, Smithsonite |
|
|
Term
Name some magnetic minerals |
|
Definition
Pyyrhotite, Magnetite, Ilmenite, Franklinite |
|
|
Term
Name some deep vein minerals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name a bunch of metamorphic minerals |
|
Definition
Sillimanite, Almandine, Gahnite, Zincite, Graphite, Corundum, Pyrolusite, Specular Hematite, Magnetite |
|
|
Term
Name some hexagonal minerals |
|
Definition
Borax, Pyyrhotite, Quartz, Corundum, Apatite, Topaz, Beryl |
|
|
Term
How do we see many phosphates? |
|
Definition
PEgmatites as primary minerals, pegmatites as weathering minerals, in limestones affected by warm H2O |
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|