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Non-silicate Minerals
minerals and compositions of non-silicate minerals
180
Geology
Post-Graduate
12/05/2011

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Term
Stichtite
Definition
hydrous Cr Mg Carbonate
Purple, found with serpentine
Term
Orpiment
Definition
As2S3
Yellow Orange
Term
Pyromorphite
Definition
Pb5(PO4)3Cl
Teenage Ninja Turtle Green
Term
hydromagnesite
Definition
Hydrous Mg carbonate
White, earthy
Term
Aurichalcite
Definition
hydrous Cu Carbonate
baby blue, crystalline or filling in cracks
Term
Galena
Definition
PbS
It's galena
Term
Cinnabar
Definition
HgS, bright red, not brick red
Term
Cobaltite
Definition
(Co,Fe)AsS
Grey w/pink weathering Erythrite
Term
Smithsonite
Definition
ZnCO3
Botryoidal w/rhomb/diamond faces
Term
Pentlandite
Definition
(Fe,Ni)9S8
Bronze Colour, not magnetic
Term
Realgar
Definition
AsS Red w/ orpiment
Term
Chalcopyrite
Definition
CuFeS2 Peacock rock
Term
Uraninite
Definition
U O2, black, pitchy, w/ carnotite
Term
Scheelite
Definition
Ca tungstate, strong blue/.white fluorescence
Term
Apatite
Definition
Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH,Cl), gemmy, H=5
Term
Cerussite
Definition
PbCO3 - clear, conchoidal fracture, heavy
Term
Alunite
Definition
hydrous K Al Sulfate, creamy, white, common with jarosite
Term
Pyrrhotite
Definition
Fe(1-x)S, bronze and magnetic
Term
Chalcanthite
Definition
Hydrous Cu Sulfate, Superman Blue
Term
Cuprite
Definition
Cu2O, Brick Red
Term
Malachite
Definition
hydrous Cu Carbonate, green, common with azurite
Term
Brucite
Definition
Mg(OH)2, looks like gypsum, rhombohedral
Term
Rhodochrosite
Definition
MnCO3, pink
Term
Adamite
Definition
hydrous zinc arsenate, yellowish in limonite cavities
Term
Wolframite
Definition
(Fe,Mg) Tungstate - radiating dark, Fe rich is ferberite, brown is Huebnerite
Term
Niccolite
Definition
NiAs - peach colour
Term
Wulfenite
Definition
PbMoO4 - orangey tetragonal mineral
Term
Crocoite
Definition
PbCrO4 - crocoite
Term
Sphalerite
Definition
ZnS - lots of cleavages
Term
Azurite
Definition
hydrous Cu Carbonate, blue, common with Malachite
Term
Gypsum
Definition
CaSo4*H2O - can be selenite (clear) or gypsum H=2.5, but lighter than barite
Term
Tetrahedrite-tennantite
Definition
Cu12Sb4S13 - Cu12As4S13 - dark grey, greenish, isometric
Term
Barite
Definition
BaSO4 - can be roses, anything that looks like gypsum but is heavier, or those sand balls
Term
Lazulite
Definition
hydrous AlFeMg Phosphate, blue monoclinic flakes in a rock
Term
Erythrite
Definition
hydrous Co arsenate - pink mineral on cobaltite
Term
Romanechite
Definition
Ba Mn oxy-hydroxide, black, somewhat shiny, hard, often botryoidal
Term
Stibnite
Definition
Sb2S3 - shiny blue blades, kind of like kaolinite
Term
Fluorite
Definition
CaF2 - oinion skin, tetrahedrons, botryoidal
Term
Purpurite
Definition
(Fe,Mn)PO4*H2O gay purple, not with serpentine
Term
Carnotite
Definition
hydrous U K vanadate
Term
Sylvite
Definition
KCl Red, bitter salty
Term
Corundum
Definition
Al2O3, hexagonal, pegmatite, H=9
Term
Jarosite
Definition
hydrous K Fe Sulfate - orange limonite
Term
Gahnite
Definition
ZnAl2O4 - little round dots in schists
Term
Franklinite
Definition
(Zn,Fe,Mn)(Fe,Mn)2O4 - magnetic, with Zincite and Calcite
Term
Vanadinite
Definition
Lead vanadate
Term
Zincite
Definition
ZnO, lab floor red, with Franklinite
Term
Goethite
Definition
FeO(OH) Limonite like we're used to
Term
Molybedenite
Definition
MoS2 - silver blue in pegmatite, soft
Term
Atacamite
Definition
hydrous Cu Chloride, not found with Azurite
Term
Pyrite
Definition
FeS2 - octohedrons, cubes
Term
Rutile
Definition
TiO2 - redbrown, translucent on the edges, striated
Term
Ilmenite
Definition
FeTiO3 - black, pitchy, lightly magnetic
Term
Wavelite
Definition
hydrous Al Phosphate, green yellow bullseyes
Term
Bornite
Definition
Cu5FeS4 - dark purple, sooty, blues and greens and purples, not reds
Term
Pyrolusite
Definition
MnO2 - dark black and sooty
Term
Chromite
Definition
FeCr2O4 - black, found with olivine
Term
Magnesite
Definition
MgCO3 - white, chalky, fractures in ultramafic rocks
Term
Autunite
Definition
hydrous CaU phosphate - yellow mica flakes with torbernite
Term
Melanterite
Definition
hydrous Fe sulfate - green limonite
Term
Dolomite
Definition
CaMg(CO3)2
Term
Borax
Definition
hydrated Na Borate - fluffy white powder
Term
Turquoise
Definition
hydrous Cu Phosphate - colour can be in cracks
Term
Aresenopyrite
Definition
FeAsS - silver pyrite
Term
Torbernite
Definition
Hydrous CuU phosphate - green mica on pegmatite, common with autunite
Term
Celestite
Definition
SrSO4 - dark sky grey, lighter than barite
Term
MArcasite
Definition
FeS2 - orthorhombic pyrite
Term
Cassiterite
Definition
SnO2 - tetragonal prism, heavy, brown, white streak
Term
Pyragerite-Proustite
Definition
AgSb3S3-AgAsS3 - dark but with ruby undertones
Term
Chalcocite
Definition
Cu2S - blackish tarnish, blue, metallic luster
Term
Variscite
Definition
hydrous Al phosphate - 60s green
Term
Colemanite
Definition
hydrous Ca borate - white and terrible to ID
Term
Vivianite
Definition
hydrous Fe phosphate - see-through green plaid
Term
Siderite
Definition
FeCO3 - Fe analogue of calcite
Term
Diaspore & Gibbsite
Definition
AlOOH-Al(OH)3 - in bauxite
Term
Enargite
Definition
Cu3AsS4 - dark black flashy, can be oval orthorhombic prisms
Term
Ulexite
Definition
hydrous Na Ca borate - TV rock
Term
MAgnetite
Definition
Fe3O4 - it's black and really magnetic
Term
Covellite
Definition
CuS - Indigo blue metallic
Term
Name six minerals that can be botryoidal
Definition
Rhodochrosite, hematite, romanechite, smithsonite, calcite, malachite
Term
Name some minerals associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks
Definition
Chromite, Pentlandite, native platinum, brucite, magnesite, hydromagnesite, stichtite
Term
Name seven orthorhombic minerals
Definition
Native Sulfur, Marcasite, Arsenopyrite, Stibnite, Enargite, Barite, Celestite
Term
Name a bunch of tetragonal minerals
Definition
Chalcopyrite, Cassiterite, Rutile
Term
Name some high temperature vein minerals
Definition
Molybedenite, Niccolite, Arsenopyrite, Pyrolusite, Cassiterite
Term
Name a bunch of hot springs minerals
Definition
Sulfur, Sinter, Orpiment and Realgar, Cinnabar, Pyargyrite-prousite
Term
Name some epithermal vein minerals
Definition
Cinnabar, Orpiment and Realgar, Native Silver, Arsenic, Gold, Pyargyrite-Proustite, Tetrahedrite-tennantite, Enargite
Term
Name some common accesory minerals
Definition
Rutile, Illmenite, Magnetite
Term
Pentlandite - Associations
Where is it found?
Definition
(Fe,Ni)9S8 Bronze colour, not magnetite
Main Ni mineral, always associated with mafic & Ultra mafic Rxs, the biggest deposit is in Sudberry
Term
Corundum
What makes Rubies? Cleavages? Source?
What colours Rubies and Sapphires
Definition
Al2)3, hexagonal prisms, 2 good cleavages.
Metamorphic & pegmatite mineral, sapphire is colour by Ti, Ruby by Cr
Term
Molybedenite
System?
Where is it found?
Definition
MoS2, hexagonal, high temperature vein mineral and pegmatites
Term
Realgar
Associations? Found in?
Definition
As2S3, reddish mineral with Orpiment, found in hot springs
Term
Niccolite Use? Colour? Associations?
Definition
NiAs mettalic, peachy colour, source of Ni, high temperature vein mineral, sometimes with Cobaltite
Term
Specular Hematite source?
Definition
Metamorphic and igneous veins
Term
Galens Use? Associations? Source?
Definition
PbS Used for Pb. Associated with Sphalerite, Chalcopyrite, Fluorite, Calcite. Found in black smokers and veins
Term
Sphalerite - source? Color changes?
Definition
Can be darker b/c of oil inclusions. Forms in veins but also in warm H20 ground water that picks up Zn and deposits it in old caves called MVTs.
Term
Name some minerals that have obscure uses
Definition
Galena - Pb for car batteries
Stibnite - Sb for flame retardants
Rutile - TiO2 for reflective paint
Term
Arsenopyrite - source? System?
Definition
FeAsS. High temperature vein mineral. Orthorhombic. Silvery pyrite
Term
Cobaltite - associations? Use? Source?
Definition
(Co,Fe)AsS Silvery Grey, weathers to a pink erythrite, niccolite association. Used for cobalt. It occurs in high temperature hydrothermal deposits and contact metamorphic rocks.
Term
Brucite - luster? System? Source? Associations?
Definition
Mg(OH)2 pearly luster. Rhombohedral, weathering product of ultramafic rocks or dolomites, can have some chromites.
Term
Argentite - Colour? Use?
Definition
Ag2S Dark and Soft. Main Ag Ore
Term
Pyrite - system? Habit? Source?
Definition
FeS2 - isometric, cubes, pyritohedrons or octahedrons. Can form as precipitate from black smokers or as concretions. Found also in igneous and metamorphic veins
Term
Marcasite - system? Source? Why?
Definition
FeS2 - pyrite with cockscomb structure. Polymorph of pyrite. Orthorhombic, not isometric. Low temperature vein mineral or in coal or swampy deposits. Occurs when FeS2 grows fast, pyrite when slow
Term
Franklinite - source? Group? Associations?
Definition
(Zn,Fe,Mn)(Fe,Mn)2O4 Steel gray, magnetic, often w/zincite, dark brown streak. Part of the Spinel group. Found with metamorphosed black smokers.
Term
gahnite - source? Group?
Definition
ZnAl2O4 dark green, round, octahedrons, forms from metamorphosed black smoker deposits, often in schists, quartzite. Spinel Group
Term
Chromite - source? Group? Use?
Definition
FeCr2O4, black subrounded grains in ultramafic rocks or rocks associated with ultramaficness. Olivine association, brown streak. Always in ultramafic rocks, alloyed with steel, common in dunites, also common with Mg rich pyroxenes.
Term
MAssive Hematite
Definition
Disney purple
Term
Zincite - source? Colour? Associations?
Definition
ZnO orange/red, often with Franklinite, Lab floor colour. Metamorphosed black smoker deposits.
Term
Halite - cleavage? Group?
Definition
NaCl, evaporite, second in order of evaporation from seawater. Halide group
Term
Chlorargyrite - source?
Definition
AgCl, Silver chloride, soluble, what you get when you weather a silver deposit in an arid environment
Term
Atacamite - associations? Colour? Origin? Form?
Definition
Hydrous Cu chloride. Not associted with azurite, but with gypsum. Blueish kelly green. Source from the weathering of Cu minerals.
Term
Fluorite - cleavages? System? Skin? Association? Source?
Definition
CaF2, 4 cleavages into tetrahedron. Isometric system, oiniony skin, associated with galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite. Forms in low temperature veins, MVTs.
Term
Cryolite - Use? Luster? Formula?
Definition
Na3AlF6 - USed as flux in Al smelting. waxy luster, boring white.
Term
Nitre & sodanitre -source? Use?
Definition
puffy white powder. Cave mineral, formed by dissolving Na or K out of Rxs( usually clay minerals), extremely soluble. Also an evaporite in the desert. Used for making black powder.
Term
Kernite - System? Origin?
Definition
Hydrated Na borate. Monoclinic, evaporite
Term
Celestite - Source? Associations? System?
Definition
SrSO4 - sky gray blue, orthorhombic. Found where warm water, typically from hot springs, has passed through a limeston. Also found in salt domes, and so associated with native sulphur.
Term
Monazite - Source? Use?
Definition
(Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4 Rare Earth Element phosphate. Pegmatite mineral, used in modern tech, also oil refining.
Term
Apatite - types? System? Uses? Source? Rarity?
Definition
Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH,Cl) fluroapatie, chlror apaties, and hydroxy apatites. Hexagonal prisms. Commonly in LS as collophane, but also in igneous and metamorphic rocks, it's a primary mineral, the world's most common phosphate.
Term
Wavelite - source? Founds?
Definition
Hydrous Al phosphate Secondary mineral formed in weather phosphatic limestones. Found in fractures.
Term
Colmanite - system? Source?
Definition
Hydrous Ca Borate - thin, bladed clear XLS, mono clinic. Evaporite
Term
Ulexite - source? System?
Definition
Hydrated Na/Ca borate - triclinic and fibrous. TV rocks. Evaporite
Term
Borax - system? Source?
Definition
Hydrated Na borate - hexagonal outline, fluffy powder. Monoclinic. Evaporite in desert
Term
Stichtite - Associations? Colour?
Definition
hydrous Mg Carbonate - associated with serpentine, other ultramafic rocks. Forms from weathering of ultramafic rxs or from serpentine - a talc like feel.
Term
hydromagnesiste - associations? Equivalences?
Definition
'hydrous' Mg Carbonate. Very similar to magnesite, formed from weathering Ultramafic/Dolometic Rxs. Common w/dunnite and serpentine.
Term
Trona - Source? Associations? Luster?
Definition
Hydrated Sodium Carbonate. Forms in salt flats and alkaline lakes, wherever there are high Na concentrations and high evaporation rates. Can also form from carbonitite magmas. Radial XLS with waxy luster.
Term
Sylvite - taste? Group?
Definition
KCl bittersalty - hallide
Term
Lazulite - weathered from? System?
Definition
hydrous Mg/Fe/Al Phosphate - sky blue monoclinic grains. Primary mineral.
Term
Vivianite - source?
Definition
Hydrated Fe Phosphate - Dark green translucent. 1 cleavage, weathering mineral, also in pegmatites.
Term
Ankerite - Source? Equivalance?
Definition
CaFe(CO3)2 Fe analog, for dolomite, low temperature vein mineral, forms in Fe-rich carbonate Rxs.
Term
Malachite - source? Texture?
Definition
Cu2CO3(OH2) Green coating with azurite. Monoclinic. Weathering zone of any Cu-bearing mineral. Can be druzy or velvet.
Term
Dolomite - source story? Shape?
Definition
CaMg(CO3)2 Rhombohedral saddle crystals, pinkish. Tidal flats, sahbkas. Lime muds change to dolomitic muds as Mg= buidls up in tidal poolks from evaporating sea water and starts to replace Ca+ XLS are everywhere Mg+CaCO3. Also found in MVTs.
Term
Cerussite - fracture? Source? Association?
Definition
PbCO3 - conchoidal fracture, forms from weathering of primary Pb minerals like Galena - commonly found with smithsonite or galena.
Term
Barite - use? Source? System? Associations?
Definition
BaSO4 - used to give weight to drilling muds. Founds in low temperature veins or MVTs. Can also be Balls, blades, fibrous, Sand XLS. Associated with galena, sphalerite, fluorite, chalcopyrite.
Term
Pyromorphite - colour? Luster?
Definition
TNMNT Green, brilliant luster. Weathering mineral, can be botryoidal, heavy.
Term
Purpurite - source? Formula? Hardness?
Definition
Hydrated Fe/Mn Phosphate kool-aid purple. Forms from weathering Fe/Mn rxs with some P in them.
Term
Aurichalcite - source? Associations? System?
Definition
hydrous Zn/Cu Carbonate - robin's egg blue, monoclinic. Very soft, weathering product from Cu & Zn Rocks. Associated with limonite.
Term
Azurite - Source? Associations? Forms?
Definition
Hydrous copper carbonate - blue with malachite. Translucent, sparkly, weathering mineral from CU bearing minerals. Concretions or XLS.
Term
Xenotine - source? Use?
Definition
YPO4, pegmatite mineral, rare earth element mineral.
Term
Magnesiste - source? Found in?
Definition
MgCO3 - earthy, chalky white. Comes from the weathering of ultramafic/dolomite Rxs. Found in fractures of ultramafic rocks.
Term
Autunite - source? Parent? Association? Color?
Definition
Hydrated Ca/U Phosphate - yellow mica on pegmatites. U originated in Zircon, where U substitutes for Zr. Common with torbernite.
Term
Turquoise - Hardness? Use? Weathers from? Found?
Definition
hydrated Cu/Al Phosphate - baby blue with conchoidal fracture, H=6. Forms from the weathering of Chalcopyrite, found in fractures for the most part.
Term
Torbernite - associations? Color?
Definition
hydrated Cu/U Phosphate - flakes or coating only in pegmatite, green in mica. Common with autunite
Term
Name a bunch of pegmatite minerals
Definition
Molybedenite, corundum, cassiterite, columbite-tantalite, tourmalines, spessartine, monazite, xenotine, vivianite, autunite, torbernite
Term
Name the aragonite group
Definition
aragonite, witherite, strontianite, cerussite
Term
Rhodochrosite - source?
Definition
MnCO3, Pink botryoidal. Formed by weathering Moly, tetrahedrite. Can be dark pink when translucent. Can be in veins too.
Term
Columbite - Tantalite Use? Source?
Definition
(Fe,Mn)Nb2O6- (Fe,Mn)Ta2O6 used for steel alloys, found in pegmatites
Term
Pyrargyrite-Proustite Use? Source?
Definition
Ag3Sb3S3-Ag2AsS3 Ruby undertones, most important Ag mineral. Forms in epithermal veins and hotsprings.
Term
Tetrahedrite - Tennantite System? Source? Use?
Definition
Cu12Sb4S13 - Cu12As4S13 Dark grey, greenish, tetrahedrous, isometric. Epithermal veins
Term
Enargite - Association? Source?
Definition
CuAsS4 Very dark grey, lots of cleavage, orthorhombic. Epithermal near surface vein, ofetn forms with Au. Flashy and dark
Term
Sperrylite - Use? Associations?
Definition
PtAs2 Most common Pt ore, ussually with Ultramafic Rocks, much more common than native Pt.
Term
Millerite - Association?
Definition
NiS Occurs with pentlandite, arsenopyrite and cobaltite.
Term
Native Sulphur - forms? Use?
Definition
forms in hot springs and in salt domes. Used to make sulphuric acid.
Term
Native Arsenic - found?
Definition
Vein mineral, typical of epithermal minerals.
Term
Native Gold - 3 Sources?
Definition
Hydrothermal veins, H2O released from a magma by a fracture jets into colder seawater and releases au& Ag & Qtz as a precipitate. 2.) Metamorphic vein- large volume of rocks with small % of Au. Compression allows warm H20 to circulat and gold is leacher out and then precipitates out through fractures in the metamorphosing rocks.
Term
Graphite - Origin? Bondage?
Definition
Hexagonal, mainly forms by metamorphosing rocks with a reasonable amount of Carbon in them. Often found in black shales, orhter rocks with floral or faunal C deposits. Held together by Van der Waals bonds
Term
Native Fe - Source? ID?
Definition
Not from earth, but from meteorites. Wiedmanstatten patterns.
Term
Cuprite - found? Origin?
Definition
Cu2S forms from weathering Cu bearing minerals. Found in cracks.
Term
Pyrrhotite - System?
Definition
hexagonal crystals, brown, magnetic, variable Fe:S ratio. Fe(1-x)S
Term
Name a bunch of low temperature vein minerals
Definition
marcasite, native silver, manganite, calcite, ankerite, chalcopyrite, fluorite.
Term
Name some monoclinic minerals
Definition
Lazulite, sphene, gypsum, aurichalcite, kernite, borax, colemanite
Term
Name some rhombohedral minerals
Definition
Brucite, Calcite, Siderite, Smithsonite, Dolomite
Term
What are the minerals that will precipitate out of seawater?
Definition
Gypsum, Halite, Svylite
Term
Name a bunch of isometric minerals
Definition
Diamond, pyrite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, fluorite, garnet
Term
Name a bunch of black smoker deposited minerals
Definition
Pyrite, Galena, Zincite, pyrolusite, Gahnite, Franklinite, Romanechite, Rhodochrosite, Rhodonite
Term
NAme some minerals you can ID by sense
Definition
Halite, talc, sylvite, stichtite, graphite, arsenopyrite
Term
Name some minerals with useful streaks
Definition
Hematite, Chromite, Cassiterite, RUtile, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Franklinite
Term
Name a bunch of MVT deposited minerals
Definition
sphalerite, dolomite, fluorite
Term
Names some placer minerals
Definition
Rutile, Cassiterite, Gold, Magnetite
Term
Describe the development of porphoritic rock
Definition
1.) There is a hydrous magma
2.) The solids crystallize in large grains, increasing H2O content
3.) PRessure builds up until
4.) Rocks fracture
5.) Fractures are filled with rapidly growing fine grained qtz and other minerals
6.) Ends with large crystals surrounded by fine grained matrix.
Term
Names some ores and their results
Definition
Niccolite - Ni, Galena, Pb, Chalcopyrite- Cu, Bornite - Cu, Argentite - Ag, Pentlandite - Ni, Cobaltite - Co, Pyrargyrite - Proustite - Ag, Sperrylite - Ni, Rutile - Ti, Pyrolusite - Mn, Uraninite - U
Term
Name some weathered minerals
Definition
Cuprite, Earthy hematite, Brucite, Diaspor &Gibbsite, Romanechite, Magnesite, Rhodochrosite, Malachite, Vivianite, Azurite, Turquoise, Wavelite, Aurichalcite, Variscite
Term
Name some minerals w/conchoidal fractures
Definition
Qtz, Alunite, Turqoise, Cerussite, Apatite, Garnet, Schorl
Term
Name some awesome minerals
Definition
Uraninite, Siderite, BIF, Variscite, Wavelite,, Ulexite
Term
Name the spinel group
Definition
Magnetite,Chromite, Gahnite, Spinel, Franklinite
Term
Name some limonites
Definition
JArrosite, Melanterite, Goethite,
Term
Name the calcite group
Definition
Calcite,Magnesite,Siderite, Rhodochrosite, Smithsonite
Term
Name some magnetic minerals
Definition
Pyyrhotite, Magnetite, Ilmenite, Franklinite
Term
Name some deep vein minerals
Definition
Chalcopyrite, Covellite
Term
Name a bunch of metamorphic minerals
Definition
Sillimanite, Almandine, Gahnite, Zincite, Graphite, Corundum, Pyrolusite, Specular Hematite, Magnetite
Term
Name some hexagonal minerals
Definition
Borax, Pyyrhotite, Quartz, Corundum, Apatite, Topaz, Beryl
Term
How do we see many phosphates?
Definition
PEgmatites as primary minerals, pegmatites as weathering minerals, in limestones affected by warm H2O
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