Term
Characteristics of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) |
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Definition
- Endotoxin
- Only Gram negative bacteria have LPS
- Components
- Lipid A
- Core polysaccharide
- O-specific polysaccharide side chain
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Term
What role do O-antigens play in bacterial pathogenicity? hint: 3 |
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Definition
- Facilitates adherence to human tissues
- Resistance to phagocytes
- Protection from antibodies and complement
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Term
Name the Gram - Non-oral Bacteria |
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Definition
- Neisseriaceae
- Acinetobactor
- Moraxella
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Key features of Neisseria |
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Definition
- Non-motile gram - diplococci
- Non-pathogenic species normal flora of oral cavity
- Two important pathogenic species
- N. meningitidis
- N. gonorrhoeae
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Term
Neisseria meningitidis colonizes what? reservior is what? Spreads how? |
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Definition
Colonizes the nasopharynx Humans are tho ONLY reservoir Spreads from person to person by respiratory droplets. |
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Term
Four stages of N. meningitidis |
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Definition
- Asymptomatic carriage (most common)
- Fulminant Meningococcemia
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Term
Discribe the Nasopharyngeal carriage stage of N. meningitidis |
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Definition
- Minor imflammation or fever 1-2 days
- Formation of protective antibodies
- Carriage persist for days, months, years
- Organism remains virulent
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Term
Describe the septicemia stage of N. meningitidis |
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Definition
- Organism enters the bloodstream
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Term
Sypmtoms of Meningococcal Meningitis |
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Definition
- Fever, malaise, severe headache, stiff neck
- Nausea, vomiting, and photophobia
- Symptoms due to infection of the meninges when the bacteria crosses the blood brain barrier
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Term
Pathogenic mechanisms of N. meningitidis |
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Definition
- Pili - attachment to host
- Polysaccharide capsule - antiphagocytic
- Endotoxins - LPS (major cause of symptoms)
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Term
N. gonorrhoeae Reservoir is what? Spreads how? |
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Definition
- Humans are the only reservoir
- Almost always spread by contact with an asymptomatic partner (sexual contact)
- can be spread at birth by infected mother
FYI - 2 nd most common cause of STD's |
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Term
Symptoms of Gonorrhea in Men |
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Definition
- Frequent and painful urination
FYI - 10 - 20% of infected males are asymptomatic |
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Term
Symptoms of Gonorrhea in Women |
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Definition
- Burning urination, vaginal discharge, fever, abdominal pain
- approx 70% of infected women are asymptomatic
- may result in PID which is a major cause of infertility and ectopic pregnancy
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Term
How is a Neonatal infection of Gonorrhea prevented |
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Definition
In developed countries, newborns eyes are preventively treated with 1% silver nitrate |
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Term
Pathogenic mechanims of N. gonorrhoeae |
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Definition
- Pili - attachemnt to host (most important factor)
FYI - No vaccine available |
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Term
Moraxella catarralis causes what? |
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Definition
Otitis media, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis |
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