Term
| Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) |
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Definition
| Traveller's diarrhoea, CFA pilli=> enterotoxin, LT-adenylate cyclase, ST-guanylate cyclase. |
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Term
| Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) |
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Definition
| Infantile diarrhoea, Plasmid-borne (EAF), Bundle-forming Pilus (BFP), microvilli effacement |
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Term
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Definition
Single curved, Gram neg., motile, oxidase pos., sucrose & mannose, acid sensitive, halotolerant, AB toxin, GM1 => adenylate cyclase.
"Rice water stools", screen stool samples - oxidase pos., TCBS agar and sucrose |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes necrotic enteritis or Type A food-borne infection, incubation:8-24hrs, watery D & severe abdominal pain, Dx: spores or enterotoxin in faeces, vegetative cells in food |
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Term
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Definition
Meats, veg, sauces, pasta, desserts & dairy.
Food-borne infection: Incubation=8-16hrs, duration= 12-24hrs,LT enterotoxin: adenyl cyclase-cAMP,watery D & abdominal pain.
Food poisoning: Sx within 4hrs, emetic toxin, vomiting due to ST neurotoxin |
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Term
| Rotavirus (Characteristics & Epidemiology) |
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Definition
Naked, ds RNA, Group A(1)= worldwide.
Leading cause of D in children <5yrs (immunity <6mnths & >5yrs).
Risks: unsafe water & inadequate sanitation. |
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Term
| Rotavirus (Pathogenesis & Clinical) |
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Definition
Faecal-oral, water-borne or air-borne.
Incubation= <48hrs. Epithelial cells of SI => shorten & blunting of villi => sudden onset of watery D with/without V (up to 6days)=> dehydration.
Dx: virus in stool - latex agglutination. |
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Term
| Norwalk Virus (Norovirus) |
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Definition
Naked, ss +ve RNA, close contact older children & adults, "Winter Vomiting Disease".
Faecal-oral, water-borne, food-borne (raw shellfish e.g. oyster), multiplies in SI => transient lesions, shed in faeces.
Incubation= 24-48hrs, duration=24-60hrs, Sx= flu-like + abdominal cramps, N & V, 1-2days D, Dx= epidemioligical, PCR, immunoassays. |
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Term
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Definition
Icosahedral, ds DNA, Group F.
Main target=respiratory tract; infect epithelial cells of pharynx, conjunctiva & SI. Present in stool. Sx = D with/without V. |
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Term
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Definition
Naked, ss +ve RNA.
Sporadic cases in infants, peak in winter. UK: Type 1 prevalent. |
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Term
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Definition
Emerging GI pathogen - similar to coronavirus.
At risk: aged & immunosuppressed. |
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Term
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Definition
Icosahedral, naked, ss +ve RNA, heat stable, sensitive to chlorine, formalin & UV light.
Spread: faecal-oral, raw shellfish, 2 weeks viraemia, poor sanitation & overcrowding. |
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Term
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Definition
Icosahedral, naked, ss +ve RNA.
Types 1&2: younger patients. Types 3&4: human & swine (older & immunocompromised). |
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