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| monopoly of force over a given territory, also the set of political institutions that helps create and implement policies and resolve conflict |
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1. defined territory
2. perminant population
3. recognized govt - legitimacy
4. able to enter state-to-state relationships |
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| Characteristics of a State |
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1. Sovereignty
2. Legitimacy |
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| the authority of a state to govern itself or another state, despite of internal or external issues |
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| norms and rules regarding individual freedoms and collective equality, the point of power and the use of that power |
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| When people of the state recognize the system as credible |
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| leaderships that runs the state |
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| The state, regime, government as well as the people who live within that political system |
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| individuals band together to protect themselves and create common rules; leadership chosen amojnd people. Security through cooperation |
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| individuals are brought together by a ruler, who imposes authority and monopolizes power. Security through domination |
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| carries out the laws and policies of a given state |
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| symbolizes and represents the people, articulating the goals of the regime |
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| running the state, formulating and executing policy. |
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executive head of government (Prime Minister) which is elected from within the legislature
*More flexable |
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Combines the roles of head of state and head of government. Directly elected president.
*More Stable |
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| prime minister approved by the lefislature and a direcrly elected president - sharing executive power. |
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| determines how votes are cast and counted |
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| MMDs (Multimember Districts) |
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Definition
| more than one legislative seat is contested in each electorial district |
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| SMDs (Single-Members Districts) |
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Definition
only one represtative for each constituency, the canidate with the greatest number of votes wins the seat
*Good for big parties |
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| voters given two votes: one for a canidate and the other for a party |
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| based on the power of a single strong leader who used charismatic authority to maintain power |
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Nigeria from 1966 to 1979
Military dominates politics |
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| strong political party that relies upon a broad membershipas a source of political control. |
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| strong ideology that seeks to transform fundemental aspects of the state, society, and economy, using a wide array of organizations and the application of force. |
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| members of the public are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state and the government |
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Nigeria formally gained its independence
(Oct 1, 1960) |
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| Old parliamentary system was replaced by a presidential system |
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| transition program of the military rulers toward the establishment of civilian rule |
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| Free presidential elections |
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| personal rule by authoritarian leaders has been shorted up by the economic priviledges those leaders bestow upon coterie of loyal followers |
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| Party would alternate every two terms nominating candidates from the north and the south. |
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| PDP People's Democratic Party |
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| AD Alliance for Democracy |
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Definition
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| What Type of Political System is Currently in Nigeria? |
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Definition
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| What did European colonialism do in Nigeria? |
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Definition
God - conversion to Christianity
Gold - Resources
Glory - Recognition of European Powers (Scramble for Africa) |
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| What role has ethnicity and religion played in Politics? |
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Definition
Muslim --> North
Christian --> South |
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| Why is the geography of North/South Poltical? |
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Definition
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| How is Nigeria still a patrimonial State |
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Definition
Co-optations - support by ethnic elite in return for positions
Regionalism
One person/oil
Rigged elections, not free and fair
Rule by law instead of rule of law |
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Definition
1. "No one is above the Law" - law applies equally
2. Rule by Law - Laws in place but people use for political reasons
3. Rule of Man - military dictatory |
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Definition
the use of power by govt for illegitimate private gain
(Revenue does to pockets, elections) |
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A system of govt which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units
(Same sex, regionalism) |
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relates to cultural factors such as nationality, culture, ancestry, langauge and beliefs.
the fact or state of belonging to social group that has a common national or cultural traditions |
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| Christian and Muslim and Local |
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| How is the pattern in Nigeria from the colonial era? |
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Definition
| British had control, Shell has control |
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| Reasons for Uphill Battle |
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Definition
1. Power of Ancient Past
2. Power of Colonial Past
3. Military History |
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| Why is maintaining democracy in Nigeria so difficult? |
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Definition
| so diverse, economic inequality, socially - not recognizing as the same (Regionalism), Shell part of politics, possible military take over?, checks and balances --> parliament = weak |
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| Nigeria has had both military regimes and democratic regimes, which has worked better in Nigeria and why? |
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Definition
Democratic
More fair to zoning |
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