Term
| What has been the most effective deterrent against smoking in the US? |
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Definition
Public health efforts to decrease the "acceptability of smoking"
Still, the worldwide smoking rate is increasing. |
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Term
| True of False: Nicotine is known to be carcinogenic. |
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Definition
False,
of the 6000 compounds in cigarettes, nicotine is not carcinogenic (while dozens of others are). |
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Term
| What is the most immediate health benefit of stopping smoking in terms of disease development? |
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Definition
| CHD is not dose-dependent and is more acute, with sharp reduction within a few years of quitting. |
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Term
| What are some of the consequences of chronic nAcHR desensitization on the receptors themselves. |
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Definition
Increased receptor number
1 month or so after cessation, this number returns to normal. |
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Term
| What are some of the consequences of chronic nAcHR desensitization on the receptors themselves. |
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Definition
Increased receptor number
1 month or so after cessation, this number returns to normal. |
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Term
| Which nAcHR are most important in smoking? |
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Definition
Remember, nicotine reaches the brain 20 s after the first cigarette of the day.
1) alpha4beta2 in VTA (projecting to NA) leads to dopamine release, along with NE and E (acute mood and behavioral effects)
2) alpha7 (withdrawal) |
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Term
| What populations are affected by smoking the most? |
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Definition
Poor, mentally diseased (70% of Schizophrenia and 30-40% in depression) and drug abusers (alcoholics and cocaine users at 80%)
This means, the population that needs help is the hardest to help! |
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Term
| What are the 5 "A"s of treatment for smoking? |
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Definition
1) Ask about it at every visit
2) Advise smokers to quit
3) Assess dependence, comorbidity
4) Assist with quitting
5) Arrange followup |
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Term
| What are the 4 "Rs" to use if patients are not interested in quitting? |
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Definition
1) Relevance (tailor to smoker's interests)
2) Risks
3) Rewards
4) Repetition |
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Term
| What are some approved treatments for smoking cessation? |
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Definition
1) Nicotine replacement
- prescription examples include Bupropion (Zyban), Varencicline (Chantix)
2) NRT patch "priming" before cessation date
3) Nortripyline-(antidepressent and Clonidine (anti-hypertensive) |
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Term
| What is the most important aspect of a counseling session designed to help someone quit? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False.
Acupuncture and Hypnosis have proven effects in improving quitting rates as a secondary therapy. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some common reasons for relapse? |
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Definition
1) Lack of social support
2) Ambivalence
3) Weight gain
4) Stress |
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Term
| How can you assess abstinence at a follow-up visit? |
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Definition
MUST VERIFY IT
Verify Biochemically
1) Expired CO- cheap but only 12-24 hours
2) Salivary and urinary cotinine-3/4 days but $30 a pop and dip-stick is binary
If successful, praise, but if unsuccessful, re-assess. |
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Term
| What steps have been shown to effectively prevent smoking and which need more work? |
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Definition
1) Effective strategies include, tobacco taxes, smoke-free workplaces and counter-advertising
2) School-based education, warning labels need to be bigger and graphic, laws prohibiting sales to minors should be enforced. |
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Term
| What important contribution was made by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (2009)? |
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Definition
| Allows FDA to regulate tobacco products (nicotine content, health warnings, industry marketing, disclosure and elimination of additives). |
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