Term
| What vitamin B is niacin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the active forms of B3? |
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Definition
| nicotinic acid and nicotinamide |
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Term
| What can niacin be synthesized from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
When in low concentrations: saturable system
High concentration: concentration diffusion
facilitated co-transport with sodium |
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Term
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Definition
Needed to make ATP as NAD and NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
Over 200 reactions require these cofactors
Hydrogen transfer reactions for ATP synthesis |
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Term
| What are the S/S of a deficiency of B3? |
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Definition
| The 4 D's: Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death. Death from multiorgan failure. Neurologically: anxiety, depression, delusions, and stupor. |
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Term
| Where is the deficiency of B3 most common? |
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Definition
| Africa, asia, and also still occurs in US with poor nutrition |
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Term
| What are the S/S of toxicity? |
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Definition
| Flushing of skin on face, arms, and chest. UI is 35mg/day to avoid flushing but can be as low as 30mg/day. Also heartburn, nausea, vomiting, liver injury, jaundice, hepatitis, liver failure, hyperuricemia and gout, glucose intolerance. |
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Term
| What are good sources of niacin? |
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Definition
| Meat, fish, enriched cereals, bread products, whole grains, seeds, legumes |
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Term
| How to optimize vitamins during storage? |
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Definition
| Limit light and air exposure |
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Term
| How to optimize vitamins during processing? |
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Definition
| nixtamalization is the process of using lime (calcium hydroxide) to maintain vitamins? |
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Term
| How to optimize vitamins during processing? |
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Definition
| All cooking techniques are okay |
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