Term
[image]
What is this picture of? |
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Definition
| Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction photograph of DNA, 1953 |
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DNA replication occurs
in what direction? |
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Changes to the Plant and Animal Communities over time.
usually occurs after a natural disaster like a Volcano or Flood |
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Term
Crossing Over Occurs in what
phase of Meiosis? |
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Term
What is the equation for
Photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| 6CO2 + 6 H20 ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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| "Ecological succession" is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time |
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Definition
| A membrane that is selectively permeable, i.e. being permeable to only certain molecules and not to all molecules. |
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Definition
| A catalyst or a chemical produced by cells to speed up specific chemical reaction |
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Term
Which cellular organelle is responsible for
packaging the proteins that the cell secretes?
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Term
[image]
What completes the chart? |
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Term
Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from
prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells
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Term
Which molecule in plant cells first captures
the radiant energy from sunlight?
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Term
The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is |
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Term
[image] The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms. |
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Definition
The process of Meiosis.
A Diploid cell producing a Haploid cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| n or half the amount of genetic information for a species |
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Term
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Definition
| 2N or the combination of 2 Haploid cells (n)from the parents of an offspring. |
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Term
In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) takes place in |
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Term
If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the possible genetic combinations that could be present in a single grain of pollen from this plant? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following sequences represents
chromosome number during fertilization?
A n + n → 2n
B 2n ---> n+n
C n →n
D 2n →2n
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Term
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Definition
| messenger RNA is transcribed in the nuclues of the cell and the piece of mRNA moves to the cytoplasm where the code is used to make a polypeptide |
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| making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) with the aid of RNA polymerases. |
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| A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain |
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Term
5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'
The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 parts that make up a DNA nucleotide |
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Definition
Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogenous Base |
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Term
Name the Nuleotides found
in DNA and RNA. |
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Definition
DNA = Adenine, Thymine
Cytocine, and Guanine
RNA = Adenine, Uracil
Cytocine, and Guanine |
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Term
Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid?
A giant squids B sand sharks
C sea cucumbers D green algae
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Term
Which of the following best describes the use of population models in biology?
A They are generally easy to construct.
B They can represent reality precisely.
C They are used when no observations have been made.
D They can help predict outcomes
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Definition
D They can help predict outcomes |
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Term
The plasma membrane of a cell consists of
A protein molecules arranged in two layers with polar areas forming the outside of the membrane.
B two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails forming the interior of the membrane.
C lipid molecules positioned between two carbohydrate layers.
D protein molecules with polar and nonpolar
tails.
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Definition
B two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails forming the interior of the membrane. |
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Term
Which molecule in plant cells first captures
the radiant energy from sunlight?
A glucose
B carbon dioxide
C chlorophyll
D adenosine triphosphate
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Definition
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Term
The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is
A light-dependent.
B temperature-dependent.
C glucose-driven.
D ATP-driven.
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following sequences represents
chromosome number during fertilization?
A n + n → 2n
B 2n → n+n
C n →n
D 2n →2n
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Definition
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In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant and the gene for sepia eyes (r) is recessive.
What are the possible combinations of genes in the offspring of two red-eyed heterozygous flies (Rr)?
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Term
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical
human egg and sperm cells at fertilization, the
probability of producing a female is
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In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal hearing is due to its dominant allele (D).
What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous (Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) would be expected to have normal hearing?
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Definition
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Term
If a human baby boy inherits a recessive allele
from his mother, in which circumstance would he most likely show the trait coded for by the recessive allele?
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Definition
The allele is on the X chromosome |
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Term
5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'
The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
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Definition
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Term
Which of these would most likely cause
a mutation?
A the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum
B the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
C the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus
D the release of messenger RNA from DNA
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Definition
B the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA |
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Term
One human disease is caused by a change in one
codon in a gene from GAA to GUA. This disease
is the result of
A a mutation.
B a meiosis error.
C crossing-over.
D polyploidy.
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Definition
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The clear protein of an egg white becomes
opaque and firm when cooked because the heat
A mutates the DNA.
B turns the protein into carbohydrates.
C stops protein formation.
D changes the protein structure.
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Definition
D changes the protein structure. |
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Term
Although there are a limited number of amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the
A size of a given amino acid can vary.
B chemical composition of a given amino acid can vary.
C sequence and number of amino acids is different.
D same amino acid can have many different properties.
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Definition
C sequence and number of amino acids is different. |
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Term
Which of the following base pair sequences
could be produced in DNA replication?
A 5' AGTCUT 3‘
3' TCUGTA 5'
B 5' AGTCAT 3‘
3' TCAGTA 5'
C 5' AGTCAT 3‘
3' CTGACG 5'
D 5' AGTCAT 3‘
3' UCAGUA 5'
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Definition
B 5' AGTCAT 3‘
3' TCAGTA 5' |
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Term
5' G T A _ _ _ A A 3'
3' C A T G C A T T 5'
This segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. A repair enzyme would replace them with
A CGT. B GCA.
C CTG. D GTA.
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Definition
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Semi-conservative replication of DNA refers to the idea that
A DNA molecules need to unwind before duplication begins.
B each new DNA molecule contains two new single RNA strands.
C the two strands of DNA molecules run in opposite directions.
D each half of the original DNA molecule is joined with a new complementary DNA strand.
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Definition
C the two strands of DNA molecules run in opposite directions. |
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Term
A base sequence is shown below.
ACAGTGC
How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?
A TGTCACG
B GUGACAU
C UGUCACG
D CACUGUA
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Definition
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Term
Complete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the
A herbivores.
B water.
C vegetation.
D atmosphere.
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Definition
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Term
Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid?
A giant squids
B sand sharks
C sea cucumbers
D green algae
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Definition
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Term
Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms?
A herbivores
B producers
C parasites and viruses
D fungi and bacteria
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Definition
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Term
Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid?
A clams
B sardines
C sharks
D kelp
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Definition
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Term
Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from other subspecies of giraffes?
A available niches
B existing predators
C chromosome number
D available food resources
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Definition
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Which of these best illustrates natural
selection?
A An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
B A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.
C A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes.
D The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
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Definition
A An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully. |
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Term
A population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members. After several generations, the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate. This situation is an example of
A the evolution of a new species.
B natural selection.
C artificial selection.
D adaptive radiation.
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Earth has undergone some catastrophic changes from time to time. Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes?
A Dominant species had a slow mutation rate.
B Many species filled the same niche.
C A strong species had many different characteristics.
D A wide diversity of species existed
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Definition
D A wide diversity of species existed |
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A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?
A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits.
B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits.
C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits.
D It will reduce genetic diversity.
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Definition
D It will reduce genetic diversity. |
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Term
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
A genetic drift.
B mutation rate.
C natural selection.
D genetic variation.
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Definition
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A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to
A higher mutation rates on one side.
B low genetic diversity in the initial population.
C the isolation of the two groups.
D differences in reproductive rates.
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Definition
C the isolation of the two groups. |
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Term
In order for the body to maintain homeostasis, the chemical decomposition of food to produce energy must be followed by
A water intake.
B muscle contractions.
C waste removal.
D nervous impulses.
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Definition
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Carbon dioxide is produced as cells break down nutrients for energy. Which of the following pairs of systems would participate in removing the carbon dioxide from the body?
A endocrine and circulatory
B circulatory and respiratory
C respiratory and endocrine
D reproductive and excretory
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Definition
B circulatory and respiratory |
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Term
The respiratory system depends on the nervous system for signals to
A enhance the amount of available oxygen in the lungs.
B coordinate muscles controlling breathing.
C release enzymes to increase the exchange of gases.
D exchange gases with the circulatory system.
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Definition
B coordinate muscles controlling breathing. |
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Term
The fight-or-flight response includes greater heart output and a rise in blood pressure. This response is due to
A insulin secreted by the pancreas.
B thyroxine secreted by the thyroid gland.
C oxytocin secreted by the pituitary gland.
D adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands.
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Definition
D adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands. |
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Term
A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the central nervous system by
A feedback loops.
B sensory neurons.
C nephron tubules.
D receptor proteins.
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Definition
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Which of the following is a function of the nervous system?
A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
B signaling muscle tissues to contract
C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle tissues
D increasing cellular respiration in muscle tissues
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Definition
B signaling muscle tissues to contract |
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The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of information from
A stretch receptors.
B chemical receptors.
C hormone receptors.
D thermal receptors.
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Definition
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Term
Which of these secretes a hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism of the body?
A spleen
B cerebrum
C thyroid
D kidney
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Definition
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Term
The fight-or-flight response includes greater heart output and a rise in blood pressure. This response is due to
A insulin secreted by the pancreas.
B thyroxine secreted by the thyroid gland.
C oxytocin secreted by the pituitary gland.
D adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands.
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Definition
D adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands. |
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